Writing
Writing is the skill of
drawing or marking
letters,
words or
symbols on paper or other
medium. Writing is
composing text
coherently by
imprinting on a
surface to
represent the
sounds or
words of
a
language. Writing is to
communicate or to
express
meaning by writing
letters of
an
alphabet in
the
right order, and by using the right
grammar.
Writing is the activity of putting something in
written form. Writing
is the work of a
writer, from the
point of view of
style and effect.
Writing Tips -
History of
Printing -
History of Writing
Good handwriting takes
focus and
awareness in order to write each individual letter
clearly enough to read. And at the same time, you have to
know the next letter that you need to write that will help you form a
complete word. So
good writing combines focus and
planning,
which is kind a like
multitasking. First you have to know what you're
planning to write, and then you have to know the words and symbols that you need to write in
order to
communicate your message. Then you need to focus on writing each
individual letter as you're recalling the next letter that you need to write.
Eventually with
practice your writing
will become effortless and will flow and travel smoothly across the paper naturally.
Typing -
Word
Processing Software -
Grammar
-
Modes -
Sentence
Handwriting
is writing created by a person with a writing utensil such as a
pen or
pencil. Handwriting includes both
printing and cursive styles and is
separate from formal calligraphy or typeface. Because each person's
handwriting is unique, it can be used to verify a
document's writer.
History of Writing -
Petroglyphs -
CarvingA Fast Hand Writer can
write 250 words
in 15 Minutes on average.
Speed Reading.
Left Handed Writing Motion Gif (image)
-
Letter Writing Animated
Gifs
Writing Resources
-
Writing Tester
-
Writing Skills Test
Handwriting Tips
-
Handwriting Help for Kids
-
Writing Practice
-
Writing A-Z -
Lousy Writer -
Custom Writing
Writing Letters of the
Alphabet (Motion Gifs)
Composition Book -
Book Types -
Document Writing -
Modes
Writing Tips -
Pencil or Pen?
Spelling
-
Work Sheets -
Grammar -
Sentence
knowledge of conventions writing skills (PDF)
"You can't write if you can't read, and there will be nothing to
read if no one writes. You read to understand, you write to be understood.
"
Writing is a medium of human
communication that represents
language and
emotion through the inscription or
recording of signs and
symbols. In most languages, writing is a complement to
speech or
spoken
language. Writing is not a language but a form of technology that
developed as tools developed with human society. Within a
language system,
writing relies on many of the same structures as speech, such as
vocabulary, grammar and semantics, with the added dependency of a system
of signs or symbols. The result of writing is generally called text, and
the recipient of text is called a reader. Motivations for writing include
publication,
storytelling, correspondence and diary. Writing has been
instrumental in keeping history, maintaining culture, dissemination of
knowledge through the media and the formation of legal systems.
Mode -
Story
Telling -
Author -
Risks -
Profanity
Creative Writing is any writing that goes outside the bounds
of normal professional,
journalistic, academic, or technical forms of
literature, typically identified by an emphasis on narrative craft,
character development, and the use of literary tropes or with various
traditions of
poetry and
poetics. Due to the looseness of the definition,
it is possible for writing such as feature stories to be considered
creative writing, even though they fall under journalism, because the
content of features is specifically focused on narrative and character
development. Both
fictional and
non-fictional works fall into this
category, including such forms as novels, biographies, short stories, and
poems. In the academic setting,
creative writing is typically separated
into fiction and poetry classes, with a focus on writing in an original
style, as opposed to imitating pre-existing genres such as crime or
horror. Writing for the screen and stage—
screenwriting
and
playwriting—are
often taught separately, but fit under the creative writing category as
well.
Diary.
Writing
System is any conventional method of
visually representing
verbal communication. While both writing and
speech are useful in
conveying messages, writing differs in also being a reliable form of
information
storage
and
transfer.
List of Languages by Writing System (wiki)
Cursive is any style of penmanship in which some
characters
are written joined together in a flowing manner, generally for the purpose
of making writing faster. Formal cursive is generally joined, but
casual
cursive is a combination of joins and pen lifts. The writing style can be
further divided as "looped", "italic", or "connected".
Alphabet.
Round
Hand is a type of handwriting and calligraphy originating in England
in the 1660s.
Italic
Type is a cursive font based on a
stylized form of calligraphic
handwriting. Owing to the influence from calligraphy, italics normally
slant slightly to the right. Italics are a
way to emphasize key points in a printed text, or when quoting a speaker a
way to show which words they stressed. One manual of English usage
described italics as "the print equivalent of underlining.
Graphomania refers to
an obsessive impulse to write. When
used in a specifically psychiatric context, it labels a morbid mental
condition which results in writing rambling and confused statements, often
degenerating into a meaningless succession of words or even nonsense and
called then graphorrhea (cf. hypergraphia). The term 'graphomania' has
been used in early 19th century by Esquirol and later by Eugen Bleuler,
becoming more or less usual Graphomania is near condition to
typomania - obsessiveness with seeing one's name in publication or with
writing for being published, excessive symbolism or typology.
Shorthand
is an abbreviated symbolic writing method that increases speed
and brevity of writing as compared to longhand, a more common method of
writing a language.
Gregg Shorthand.
Penmanship is beautiful handwriting.
Penmanship is the technique of writing with the hand
using a writing instrument. Today, this is most commonly done with a pen,
or pencil, but throughout history has included many different implements.
The various generic and formal historical styles of writing are called
"hands" whilst an individual's style of penmanship is referred to as
"handwriting".
Articulate -
Spelling.
Calligraphy is a
visual art related to writing. It
is the design and execution of lettering with a broad tip instrument,
brush, among other writing instruments. A contemporary calligraphic
practice can be defined as, "the art of giving form to signs in an
expressive, harmonious, and skillful manner".
Calligraphy -
Penmanship.
Pen is a
common
writing instrument used to
apply ink to a surface, usually paper, for
writing or
drawing. Historically,
reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were used, with a nib dipped in ink.
Ruling pens allow precise adjustment of line width, and still find a few
specialized uses, but technical pens such as the Rapidograph are more
commonly used. Modern types include ballpoint, rollerball, fountain and
felt or ceramic tip pens.
Pencil
is a writing implement or art medium constructed of a narrow, solid
pigment core inside a protective casing which prevents the core from being
broken and/or from leaving marks on the user’s hand during use.
Graphite is a
crystalline allotrope of carbon, a semimetal, a native element mineral,
and a form of coal.
Pencil or Pen?
There are more uses for pencils than for pens, but, pencils need
sharpening, while pens are always ready to write, but some pens don't
always work because some pens don't write even when it still has some ink
left. A pencil broken in half becomes two pencils. You can’t break a pen
in half and use both halves, but marks made with pens can last longer.
Pencils are better for shading. Pencils are more environmentally-friendly
than pens. The more you sharpen a pencil, the shorter it gets—and becomes
difficult to use. You can’t write on skin or other surfaces with a pencil,
but some surfaces can make it difficult to write on using a pen or a
pencil.
Paint Brush.
Eco-Friendly Writing:
Pencils are better the
Pens
because pencils are made of things found naturally in our
environment, and they are also renewable and they breakdown in
landfills. Most pencils are made from
Cedar Trees and
Graphite, which is made out of carbon. But you can buy pens
that are more eco-friendly.
Eco-Friendly Pens -
Recycled
Pens and Pencils -
Green Products.
Stylus is a writing
utensil or a small tool for some other form of marking or shaping, for
example, in pottery. It can also be a computer accessory that is used to
assist in navigating or providing more precision when using
touchscreens.
Writing on paper compared to writing on a tablet or smartphone.
Writing on physical paper can lead to more brain activity when remembering
the information an hour later. Although volunteers wrote by hand both with
pen and paper or stylus and
digital
tablet, researchers say paper notebooks contain more complex spatial
information than digital paper. Physical paper allows for tangible
permanence, irregular strokes, and uneven shape, like folded corners. In
contrast, digital paper is uniform, has no fixed position when scrolling,
and disappears when you close the app.
Japanese children learn to write through Rhythm.
Air writing helps children remember letter formation, which is a
motion-oriented "memory," and which is an entirely different (and
separate) memory than the visual memories of letter shapes. Air writing
also helps to strengthen the arm and shoulder muscles in preparation for
handwriting. This is important because weak muscles lead to bad habits in
handwriting.
UCL Computer Scientists have developed Software Computer Programme that
Replicates Handwriting. "My Text in Your Handwriting" programme,
semi-automatically examines a sample of a person’s handwriting, which can
be as little as one paragraph, and then generates new text saying whatever
the user wishes, as if the author had handwritten it themselves.
Graphology
is the
analysis of the physical characteristics and
patterns of
handwriting purporting to be able to identify the writer, indicating
psychological state at the time
of writing, or evaluating personality characteristics.
Handwriting Analysis is a term for a
forensic science
discipline pertaining to documents that are potentially disputed in a
court of law. Its primary purpose is to provide evidence about a
suspicious or questionable document using scientific processes and
methods.
Evidence might include alterations, the chain of possession,
damage to the document,
forgery, origin, authenticity, or other questions
that come up when a document is challenged in court.
Tremor of Fraud is characterized by the
inequality in movement at any place in any stroke or line, with strokes
too strong and vigorous combined with weak, hesitating strokes,
interruptions in movement in movement, unequal distribution of ink on
upward or varying pen pressure. The
forger will usually not place tremor on curves but will execute a
smoother stroke than the known writer could have made. The hesitation and
a kind of tremor characterized by a general irregularity of the line is
due to a lack of skill and a mental uncertainty as to design and form, and
to a general muscular clumsiness from unfamiliarity with the writing
process.
Dysgraphia is a
deficiency in the ability to write, primarily handwriting, but also
coherence. It can manifest itself as difficulties with
spelling, poor handwriting and trouble putting thoughts on paper.
Because writing requires a complex set of
motor and
information processing
skills, saying a student has dysgraphia is not sufficient.
Dyslexia.
Signature is a handwritten (and often stylized) depiction of someone's
name, nickname, or even a simple "X" or other mark that a person writes on
documents as a proof of identity and intent. The writer of a signature is
a signatory or signer. Similar to a handwritten signature, a signature
work describes the work as readily identifying its creator. A signature
may be confused with an autograph, which is chiefly an artistic signature.
This can lead to confusion when people have both an autograph and
signature and as such some people in the public eye keep their signatures
private whilst fully publishing their autograph.
Autograph is a person's own signature or handwriting. The term is used
particularly in connection with the collecting of autographs of
celebrities; the hobby of collecting autographs is known as "philography"."Autograph"
can refer to a document transcribed entirely in the handwriting of its
author, as opposed to a typeset document or one written by an amanuensis
or a copyist. This meaning overlaps that of "holograph".
Your Personal Signature will not always be
exactly the same each time you write it. Real signatures are always
slightly different and they may differ a little every time. Signatures
change with time as habits change. If the signatures are exact replica
there is a very strong possibility of forgery. Difference between
signatures increases proportionally with the complexity.
Legally there is no limit on the number of
signatures you can have. It doesn't matter whether the signature is
legible or illegible, so long as it is consistent. A signature is simply a
mark intended to authenticate a document; it can literally be any type of
mark - a symbol, a single letter, initials, or a full signature. All have
equal weight under the law -- assuming that you can prove that the mark
was made by the person you're attempting to enforce the document against,
with the intent to authenticate that document. In state and federal law,
cursive signatures have no special legal validity over any other kind. All
writing, not just cursive, is individual, just as all writing involves
fine motor skills. Hidden features, slant, penlifting, letter joining,
letter formation, habits while signing, speed of signing. When you are
analyzing writing, you are not looking at the writing style, you are
looking at strokes within the writing, and these will more or less stay
the same. A signature card is a document that a bank keeps on file with
the signatures of all the authorized people on that account.
Digital
Signature is a mathematical scheme for verifying the
authenticity of digital
messages or documents. A valid digital signature gives a recipient reason
to believe that the message was created by a known sender
(authentication), that the sender cannot deny having sent the message
(non-repudiation), and that the message was not altered in transit (integrity).
Technical Writing (professional documents)
Talking (speaking effectively)
Typography is the art and technique of
arranging
type to make written language legible,
readable, and appealing when
displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point
sizes, line lengths, line-spacing (leading), and letter-spacing
(tracking), and
adjusting the space between pairs of letters (
kerning).
The term typography is also applied to the style, arrangement, and
appearance of the letters, numbers, and
symbols created by the process.
Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of
typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type
designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be
used as a decorative device, unrelated to communication of information.
Formats -
Web Typography Fonts
-
Uppercase Lowercase.
Font is a
particular
size, weight and style of a
typeface.
Each font was a matched set of type, one piece (called a "sort") for each
glyph, and a typeface consisting of a range of fonts that shared an
overall design.
Child Font -
Make
your own Fonts.
International Typographic Style is a
graphic design style that emerged
in Russia, the Netherlands and Germany in the 1920s, and was made famous
as it was developed by designers in Switzerland during the 1950s.
Graph
Paper is writing
paper
that is printed with fine lines making up a
regular grid. The
lines are often
used as guides for
plotting graphs of functions or
experimental data and drawing curves. It is commonly found in
mathematics and engineering education settings and
in laboratory notebooks. Graph paper is available either as loose leaf
paper or bound in notebooks.
Graph
Paper is also called
coordinate paper,
grid
paper, or squared paper. Grid systems are aids designers use to
build designs, arrange information
and make consistent user experiences. They include rule of thirds, golden
section, single-column, multi-column, modular, baseline and responsive
grid systems.
Paper is
a thin sheet material produced by mechanically or chemically processing
cellulose fibres derived from wood, rags, grasses, or other vegetable
sources in water, draining the water through a fine mesh leaving the fibre
evenly distributed on the surface, followed by pressing and drying.
Although paper was originally made in single sheets by hand, almost all is
now made on large machines—some making reels 10 metres wide, running at
2,000 metres per minute and up to 600,000 tonnes a year. It is a versatile
material with many uses, including printing, painting, graphics, signage,
design, packaging, decorating, writing, and cleaning. It may also be used
as filter paper, wallpaper, book endpaper, conservation paper, laminated
worktops, toilet tissue, currency, and security paper, or in a number of
industrial and construction processes.
Typing is the process of writing or inputting text by
pressing keys on a
typewriter,
computer keyboard,
cell phone, or
calculator. It can be distinguished from other means of text input, such
as handwriting and speech recognition. Text can be in the form of letters,
numbers and other symbols.
Keyboard Letters and Symbols -
Spelling -
Printing Press
Words Per Minute is a measure of
words processed in a
minute, often used as a measurement of typing speed or
reading speed.
An average professional
Typist
types usually in
speeds of
50 to 80
wpm.
The slowest typists are male baby boomers, averaging 38 words a
minute. Male millennials were the fastest typists as a group, 56.5 words
per minute.
Stenotype Shorthand Machine is a specialized chorded
keyboard or typewriter used by stenographers for shorthand use.
Text
Messaging is the act of composing and sending electronic messages,
typically consisting of alphabetic and numeric characters, between two or
more users of mobile phones, fixed devices (e.g., desktop computers) or
portable devices (e.g., tablet computers or smartphones).
Writing Process - Preparing to Write - Writer Preparations
Prewriting is the initial
phase or the first stage of the writing process where the writer generates
ideas and
plans the
structure of the
piece. It involves
brainstorming, outlining, and
organizing thoughts.
Prewriting
is a combination of outlining,
diagramming,
storyboarding, clustering,
mind mapping,
typically followed by drafting, revision,
editing and publishing.
Clustering is a type of pre-writing that
allows a writer to explore many ideas as soon as they occur to them. Like
brainstorming or free associating, clustering allows a writer to begin
without clear ideas. To begin to cluster, choose a word that is central to
the assignment. Thesaurus or synonyms, which are words that can be
interchanged.
Gathering Details is
selecting the most important
details
that are about your topic, or
supports
your main topic in some way. You do not want to include information
that is not
relevant to
your writing. You want to gather the information that fits your topic
perfectly.
Information Gathering in the
context of
technical writing is the process of
collecting and
organizing
the information you would want to share in your technical document. It is
focused on acquiring specific knowledge about a particular technology,
process, or software you want to write on.
Elaborate is to add
details to an idea
in order to clarify the meaning of something and extend its expression.
Work out in detail and developed or executed with care that is marked by
complexity and richness of detail. Produce from basic elements or sources
and change into a more developed product. Make more complex, intricate, or
rich.
Words that Flow -
Creative Writing.
Drafting is when a writer puts pen to paper
or fingers to keyboard and begins to compose the first draft. The focus is
on getting ideas down without worrying too much about perfection. The goal
is to create a rough version of the content, building upon the ideas
developed during the prewriting stage.
Outline is a tool used
to
organize written ideas about a topic or
thesis into a
logical order. Outlines arrange major topics, subtopics, and supporting
details. Writers use outlines when writing their
papers in order to
know which topic to cover in
what order.
Outline Summary
is a list arranged to show
hierarchical relationships and is a type of
tree structure. It is used to present the main points or topics of a given
subject, often used as a
draft or
summary of the content of a document.
Abstract Summary is a brief
summary of a
research article,
thesis, review, conference proceeding or any in-depth analysis of a
particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain
the paper's purpose.
Mind Maps.
Storyboard
is a graphic organizer in the form of
illustrations or images displayed in
sequence for the purpose of pre-visualizing a motion picture, animation,
motion graphic or interactive media sequence.
Modes.
First
Draft is a preliminary
stage in the writing
process that
visualizes
a basic outline of what your finished work will be like. A first draft
states the
main points of your work and
explains the
key ideas in
detail,
and also gives examples or a sample form of an
argument or a point that
you are trying to make and that helps to develop a more cohesive text. The
first draft is the
gathering stage of writing that
classifies things into groups and gives a
visual web that represents
associations among ideas. A
first draft is a way to
organize your thoughts for a future piece of
writing and to further
develop ideas. The first draft is also called a
rough sketch or rough draft.
Writing First Draft
(PDF) -
How to Prepare
a First Draft
-
PDF
-
Quick Draft
-
Foundation
Draft Document
is the product the writer creates in the initial stages of the writing
process. The first
principle of composition is to foresee or determine the
shape of what is to come and pursue that shape. This shape is the draft
that eventually becomes the finished work. Writing is a way to end up
thinking something you couldn’t have started out thinking. A series of
drafts which come together to produce an emerging “center of gravity” that
then translates into the main focus on the work. This process should be a
holistic process, not a linear process. the interaction among ideas or
points of view, can produce new ones that didn’t seem available before.
Revising
is done after completing the draft, the writer steps back to review and
revise the content. This involves making structural changes, refining the
organization, clarifying ideas, and improving the overall flow. Revising
is crucial for enhancing the coherence and effectiveness of the writing.
Editing is a
detailed review focused on correcting grammar, punctuation, spelling, and
other mechanical aspects of the writing. It addresses issues at the
sentence and word level, ensuring that the language is clear, precise, and
error-free. Editing enhances the readability and professionalism of the
written piece
Publishing is the
final step that involves preparing the written work for its intended
audience. This could include formatting, proofreading, and making any
final adjustments. Publishing is about presenting the polished and refined
piece to the world, whether it's through traditional print, online
platforms, or other means.
Hand Writing Skills
-
Grammar -
Articulate
-
Technical -
Plain Language
-
Rule Set of Wikipedia (PDF) -
Essay Writing -
Document Writing -
Plain Language Clear and Concise –
But Not too Simplistic
P.O.W.E.R. stands for
Plan
-
Organize
-
Write
-
Edit
-
Revise. (A
plan for preparing
each message).
1) Draft the message with the readers in mind.
2)
Send clear, concise messages that are
brief, succinct, and organized.
3)
Give the message a concise title and use subheadings where
appropriate.
4)
Use simple words and short, clear, sentences and paragraphs.
5)
Back up opinions with facts.
6)
Avoid “flowery” language, euphemisms, and trite expressions
that's free of jargon.
7)
Summarize main points at the end and let the reader know what he must do next.
10 Writing Tips to Become a Good Writer
1:
Grab the
reader's
attention with a good
title, sometimes first impressions matter.
Know your
Readers. Make a title that
answers a particular question a user might
have. Write something
valuable
and try to change the thinking of your readers.
Click Bait.
Lead Paragraph is the
opening paragraph
of an article, essay, book chapter, or other written work that
summarizes its main
ideas. Styles vary widely among the different types and genres of
publications, from journalistic news-style leads to a more
encyclopaedic
variety. At the
beginning of a written work
stands the opening sentence or opening line. The
opening line is part or all of the opening sentence that may start
the lead paragraph. For older texts the Latin term "incipit" (it begins)
is in use for the very first words of the opening sentence. As in speech,
a personal document such as a letter normally starts with a
salutation, which is a greeting used in a letter or other written or
non-written communication.
Lede is the
first sentence or opening paragraph of a news story that immediately
grabs the reader's attention. This
introductory section provides a statement, establishes a scenario, or sets
up a question that the body of the news article will address by supplying
the relevant supporting information. A lede is one sentence of 35 words or
less and may contain one comma. Some
journalists
use a semi-colon to join two independent clauses together in one lede.
This is bad style. Remember: say as much as you can in the least number of
words possible. The spelling lede is an alteration of lead, a word which,
on its own, makes sense; after all, isn't the main information in a story
found in the lead (first) paragraph? And sure enough, for many years lead
was the preferred spelling for the introductory section of a news story.
Journalistic leads emphasize grabbing the
attention of the reader. In
journalism, the
failure to mention the most important, interesting or attention-grabbing
elements of a story in the first paragraph is sometimes called "
burying
the lead". Most standard news leads include brief answers to the
questions of who, what, why, when, where, and how the key event in the
story took place. In newspaper writing, the first paragraph that
summarizes or introduces the story is also called the "blurb paragraph",
"teaser text" or, in the United Kingdom, the "standfirst".
Leads in essays
summarize the outline
of the argument and conclusion that follows in the main body of the essay.
Encyclopedia leads tend to define the
subject matter as well as emphasize the interesting points of the article.
Features and general articles in magazines
tend to be somewhere between journalistic and
encyclopedian in style and
often lack a distinct lead paragraph entirely.
Introduction is a
beginning section
which states the purpose and goals of the following writing. This is
generally followed by the body and conclusion. The introduction typically
describes the scope of the document and
gives a
brief explanation or summary of the
document. It may also explain certain elements that are important to the
essay. The readers can have an idea about the following text before they
actually start reading it. introduction is also known as a prolegomenon.
Preamble is an
introductory and
expressionary statement in a document that explains the document's purpose
and underlying philosophy.
Preface
is an
introduction to a book or other
literary work written by the work's author.
Prefatory serves as an introduction or
preface. Prefatorial.
Prologue
is an
opening to a story that establishes
the context and gives background details, often some earlier story that
ties into the main one, and other miscellaneous information.
Foreword
is a short piece of writing sometimes placed at the
beginning of a book or other piece of
literature. Typically written by someone other than the primary author of
the work, it often tells of some interaction between the writer of the
foreword and the book's primary author or the story the book tells. Later
editions of a book sometimes have a new foreword prepended (appearing
before an older foreword if there was one), which might explain in what
respects that edition differs from previous ones.
Epigraph is a phrase, quotation, or poem that is set at the
beginning of a document, monograph or section
thereof. The epigraph may serve as a preface to the work; as a summary; as
a counter-example; or as a link from the work to a wider literary canon,
with the purpose of either inviting comparison or enlisting a conventional
context.
A book may have an overall epigraphy that is part of the front
matter, or one for each chapter.
Spelling -
Words -
Linguistic
Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) -
Ideas
2:
Stay within your
topic and be original. Try to focus on a single thought or
issue. Don't forget something personal and always share
a little of yourself. Show the end result at the start of the
article to let users know that they are reading the right
subject.
Use some
humor when its
appropriate.
Profanity
is not necessary.
Speaking -
Plot
-
Prologue -
Narrative
Modes -
Active Voice -
Parallelism
3:
Think about a
theme or a particular
writing style that you might want
to explore, but try
to write what you know.
Cover the basics first; leave the optional or advanced
scenarios for the latter part of the article.
Syntax
-
Prose -
Grammatical Person -
Tone -
Exposition
-
Style Guide -
Writing Modes
How to Write a Short Story (wikihow)
4: Be
creative with your words but not too fancy, make it simple and
to the point. The reader shouldn't
have to guess what
you
mean. If your writing is to advanced it may distract
someone from fully understanding your message. Not to say that
sophisticated writing is bad, there is a time and place for
everything. You reach a larger audience with easy to understand
writing. Sometimes dividing long sentences into shorter ones can
be more effective. A paragraph should support a single idea.
Try to reframe 90% of
the passive voice. Use a
thesaurus or a
dictionary to find the right words.
Participle.
Try to be unique, informative, direct, simple and
brief. Prefer a vigorous, lucid or
saxon word to the romantic.
And use
transitive verbs that strike their object.
Prefer the
familiar word, and the concrete or
root word, to the
abstract. Avoid superfluous redundant or
unnecessary empty words.
Idioms.
Know the
differences between
redundancy,
tautology,
pleonasm,
verbosity,
contractions and
repetition.
Communication.
5: Be
informative and educational with the latest information
available on your subject.
Try to limit your
personal opinions and try to
avoid using
clichés. Make it exciting to read. It's not just what you say,
but how you say it. make it clear and easy to follow.
Add links to articles that are connected to the topic to
provide some extra information for the users.
Conversations -
Climax -
Dramatic Structure -
Pathos -
Technical Writing Style
-
Editorial Rules -
Simplification.
6: Try to
explain what you are seeing to the reader. Give a Point of view
and explain the
setting and any characters involved.
Be specific to detail.
Circumlocution - (Inflectional Ending)
-
Epilogue
-
Human Interest Story -
Situation vs Complication -
Open Letter
7: Use images that are
eye-catching and relevant.
Depiction
-
Illuminated
Manuscript -
Info-Graphic
-
Ideogram
-
Emoji -
Photos
-
Art
But remember..."A picture could never be more worthy then a
thousand words, but it's nice to have both."
8: Read your work aloud and proof read it. Have someone else
proof read your
writing
for correct
spelling,
punctuation and
grammar.
Journalism Tools
-
Dictionaries.
Visual Field of
12 words
Per Line. -
Word Spacing -
Typography -
Readability Consortium -
Reading Speeds
If your
font size is 12 it would take around 22.2 pages to print 10,000 words.
Sentence Spacing is the horizontal space
between sentences in typeset text.
Page Orientation is the way in which a rectangular page is
oriented for
normal viewing. The two most common types of orientation are portrait
and landscape. The specific word definition comes from the fact that a
close-up portrait of a person's face and upper body is more fitting for a
canvas or photo where the height of the display area is greater than the
width, and is more common for the pages of books. Landscape originally
described artistic outdoor scenes where a wide view area is needed, but
the upper part of the painting would be mostly sky and so is omitted.
Spatial Intelligence.
Legibility is the ease with which a reader can recognize
individual characters in text.
Articulate.
Readability is the
ease with which a reader can understand a
written text. In natural language, the readability of text depends on its
content (the complexity of its vocabulary and syntax) and its
presentation
(such as typographic aspects like font size, line height, and line
length). Researchers have used various factors to measure readability,
such as
speed of perception, Perceptibility at a distance, Perceptibility
in peripheral vision, Visibility, Reflex blink technique, Rate of work
(reading speed), Eye movements, Fatigue in reading. Readability is more
than simply
legibility—which is a measure of how easily a reader can
distinguish individual letters or characters from each other. Higher
readability eases reading effort and speed for any reader, but it is
especially important for those who do not have high reading comprehension.
In readers with average or poor reading comprehension, raising the
readability level of a text from mediocre to good can make the difference
between success and failure of its communication goals. Readability exists
in both natural language and programming languages, albeit in different
forms. In programming, things such as programmer comments, choice of loop
structure, and choice of names can determine the ease with which humans
can read computer program code.
Manuscript Format is to determine what the relevant
writing standards are.
Style Guide is a
set of standards for the writing and design of documents, either for
general use or for a specific publication, organization, or field.
List of Style Guides (wiki)
Dramatic
Structure is the structure of a dramatic work such as a book, play, or
film.
File Format is a
standard way that information is encoded
for storage in a computer file.
9: To become a better writer you
should always Read More.
Reading.
10: Have fun.
"Either write things that are worth reading, or do things that are worth writing about,
and if you do both, you can't go wrong."
The person who does not write things that are insightful
and educational has no advantage over a person who can't write
at all. This is not saying that you should not read and write
for fun, or, this is not saying that knowing how to read and write has no
advantages, because it does, It's just saying that Balance and Purpose
should be of highest priority.
Free Writing
is a prewriting technique in which a person writes continuously for a set
period of time without regard to spelling, grammar, or topic. It produces
raw, often unusable material, but helps writers overcome blocks of apathy
and self-criticism. It is used mainly by prose writers and writing
teachers. Some writers use the technique to collect initial thoughts and
ideas on a topic, often as a preliminary to formal writing. Free writing
is not the same as automatic writing.
Scrivener
was a person who could read and write or wrote letters to court and legal
documents.
Writing Exercise
-
Complex Nouns
The average writer who's doing
research for a story, will spend at least 3 weeks
interviewing
on the average around 100 people, either in person or talking
with them over the telephone. They will request information and
facts from various sources from around the world, like press
releases, technical papers and so on. From that they will create 100's of pages of hand written notes of 20,000 words or more.
Then they will meticulously go through all the acquired
information to retrieve the most important parts. Then they will
spend about a week writing and rewriting the story till it
becomes something to be published.
Journalism (awards)
Context gives
meaning to
words, and words give meaning to context. In order to say
what you mean you have to know a lot of
words and all the
definitions that apply to those words. So
vocabulary is
valuable, but not as valuable as knowing how to use words to
express meaning.
Vague -
Ambiguity -
Labels -
Click Bait -
Word Rank
Transition Words or
Flow Words are
words or phrases that show the relationship between paragraphs or sections
of a text or speech. Transitions provide greater cohesion by making it
more explicit or signaling how ideas relate to one another. Transitions
are "
bridges" that "carry a reader from section to section." Transitions
guide a reader through steps of logic, increments of time, or through
physical space. Transitions "...
connect words and ideas so that your
readers don't have to do the mental work for you.
Coordinating Transitions:
Elements in a coordinate relationship are equal in rank, quality, or
significance. To show a link between equal elements, use a coordinating
transition. To show similarity or reinforce: and, also, too, similarly,
equally, identically, equally important, together with, not only ... but
also, coupled with, in the light of, not to mention, as well as,
furthermore, moreover, in the same fashion/ way, likewise, comparatively,
correspondingly, by the same token, uniquely, to say nothing of. To
introduce an opposing point: but, however, yet, on the contrary, on the
other hand, in contrast, still, neither, nor, nevertheless, besides. To
signal a restatement: that is, in other words, in simpler terms, to put it
differently.
Subordinating Transitions:
To introduce an item in a series: first, in the first place, *second, in
the second place, for one thing...., for another, next, then, in addition,
finally, last, To introduce an example: in particular, specifically, for
instance, for example, that is, namely. To show causality: as a result,
hence, thus, so, then, because, since, for, consequently, accordingly,
therefore. To introduce a summary or conclusion: in conclusion, finally,
all in all, evidently, clearly, actually, to sum up, altogether, of
course. To signal a concession: naturally, of course, it is true, to be
sure, granted, certainly. To resume main argument after a concession: all
the same, even though, still, nevertheless, nonetheless, which means in
spite of that or nevertheless.
Temporal
Transitions: To show frequency: frequently, hourly, often,
occasionally, now and then, day after day, every so often, again and
again. To show duration: during, briefly, for a long time, minute by
minute, while. To show a particular time: now, then, at that time, in
those days, last Sunday, next Christmas, in 1999, at the beginning of
August, at six o’clock, first thing in the morning, two months ago, when.
To introduce a beginning: at first, in the beginning, since, before then.
To introduce a middle: in the meantime, meanwhile, as it was happening, at
that moment, at the same time, simultaneously, next, then. To signal an
end (or beyond): eventually, finally, at last, in the end, later,
afterward.
Spatial Transitions: To show
closeness: close to, near, next to, alongside, adjacent to, facing, side
by side. To show long distance: in the distance, far, beyond, away, there.
To show direction: up/down, sideways, along, across, to the right/left, in
front of/behind, above/below, inside/outside: toward/away from.
Transition words of Agreement / Addition /
Similarity: The transition words like also, in addition, and,
likewise, add information, reinforce ideas, and express agreement with
preceding material. In the first place - not only … but also - as a matter
of fact - in like manner - in addition - coupled with - in the same
fashion / way - also - then - equally - identically - uniquely - like - as
- again - to - and - too - moreover - as well as - together with - of
course - first, second, third - in the light of - not to mention - to say
nothing of - equally important - by the same token - likewise -
comparatively - correspondingly - similarly - furthermore - additionally -
what's more.
Although in spite of the
fact that or even though.
However is
used to introduce a statement that contrasts with or seems to
Contradict something that has been
said previously.
Inconsistent is not
staying the same throughout. Acting at variance with one's own principles
or former conduct.
Filler Words -
Conjunctions -
Words that
are used on average when writing or speaking -
Documents -
Reports -
Anomalies -
Jargon -
Circumlocution -
Subjective -
Rumination
Transcription Fluency:
Elementary-school kids who hand-wrote their work produced more
words and more
ideas than those
who typed. College students who typed notes on a laptop
remembered less about a lecture than those who wrote by hand.
People remember lectures better when they’ve taken handwritten
notes, rather than typed ones. But that is a problem with
learning styles and
memory, and not a problem with
technology. A computer laptop is by far a more superior tool
then a pencil and paper. So don't blame the laptop for you bad
memory or your lack of creativity. Technology enhances and
accelerates learning, if it doesn't, then that has something to
do with you and not technology.
Verbatim.
"I try not to influence writers on what they should write about,
only that they care about what they are writing.
Try not so much to devise a piece of writing, try to realize a
piece of writing, a piece of writing that has to be written. If
you feel that you will be wasting time writing about something,
then you should not write it. Don't write because you are a good
writer, write because you need to write something good."
"Writing has therapeutic benefits. The process of documenting
your thoughts can free your mind."
How Many Pages should my Novel be?
A Book will usually have 250-300 words per page.
A 55,000 word book should be about 200 manuscript pages. A
100,000 word book would be about 400 pages. Editors like 12 Point Font.
Word Spacing -
Word Count.
Publishers go by words, not pages.
Most adult
books are about 90,000 words, and no longer than 100,000 words. Teen books are about 55,000 words.
A book with below 70,000 words is considered to be
too short. 70,000 – 79,999 words may be too short. 80,000 – 89,999
words is considered acceptable.
90,000 – 99,999 words is generally safe. 100,000 – 109,999 words in a book
might be too long. 110,000 words or above is considered too long.
Information Overload.
Too Long; Didn't Read is when someone believes that a
passage appears to be too long to invest the time to digest.
The Optimum Length for an Email is 50 to 125
words.
Shorts sentences or line column width of 30 to 50
characters long
slow
down reading, while 100 characters may speed up reading. When average
sentence length is 14 words, readers understand more than 90% of what
they’re reading. At 43 words,
comprehension drops to less than 10%. Sentences of 11 words are
considered easy to read, while those of 21 words are fairly difficult. At
25 words, sentences become difficult, and 29 words or longer, very
difficult. This is partly because
people tend to
scan, not read. In fact, most people only read around 25% of what’s
on a page. This means it’s important to get information across quickly.
Long,
complicated sentences force
users to slow down and work harder to understand
what they’re reading. This isn’t something people want to do, even if
they’re familiar with the subject or language you’re using. If you write
short sentences using
Plain English, it’ll help
more people understand your content. And by making it more accessible, you
won’t just help your busiest readers, you’ll open it up to people who
might otherwise struggle to understand it. Does reading from papers makes
reading 20-30% faster than reading from monitors?
Document Writing Guidelines.
Long-Form
Journalism is a branch of journalism dedicated to longer articles with
larger amounts of content. Typically this will be between 1,000 and
20,000 words. Long-form articles often take the form of creative
nonfiction or narrative journalism.
Word Count is
the number of words in a document or passage of text. Word counting may be
needed when a text is required to stay within certain numbers of
words.
Word Counter Tools:
Bulk Webpage Word Count Checker -
Website Word Count.
Why a Computer Based Article is better then a
Printed
Article. Because you can shorten an article by using links. If
the person needs more information then all they have to do is
follow the link. So articles can be shorter and more manageable
without sacrificing other relevant knowledge and information.
Short is not always sweet. But some writers love empty words and
writing vague commentary without considering the readers need
for quickly understanding the message. And an overlong
composition may seem long, but it may not be, because not
everyone can accurately calculate whether extra words were
actually necessary. I don't mind investing the time needed
reading a good article, but please, don't waste my time with
your dribble or overlong prose and over-verbose writing. Just
the facts, and please have a point, a point worth mentioning. To
be clear enough sometimes depends on the reader and not just the
writer. But digital technology solves this problem. That is why
printed material is now inadequate in most cases. Technology
accelerates learning if we use correctly. It's like reading a
book, you don't have to read the whole book in one sitting, you
can read some now and then read some later. To say something was
to long to read, is to say that I will never have the time
or the motivation to read more of what I have already read. And
the reasoning behind that decision not read more has other
contributing factors, like the experience with previous
knowledge and information, which may have nothing to do with the
style or the length of someone's writing. So even when you think
you covered all the different angles and possible scenarios,
there is always going to be one more thing that you never thought of. Learning is awesome!
Writing Style
Writing Style is
the manner of
expressing thought in language characteristic of an
individual, period, school, or nation. Beyond the essential elements of
spelling,
grammar, and punctuation, writing style is the choice of words,
sentence structure, and paragraph structure, used to convey the meaning
effectively. The former are referred to as rules, elements, essentials,
mechanics, or handbook; the latter are referred to as
style, or rhetoric.
The rules are about what a writer does; style is about how the writer does
it. While following the rules drawn from established English usage, a
writer has great flexibility in how to express a concept. The point of
good writing style is to
express the message to the reader simply,
clearly, and convincingly; keep the reader attentive, engaged, and interested; not to display the writer’s personality; demonstrate the
writer’s skills, knowledge, or abilities; although these are usually
evident and are what experts consider the writer’s individual style.
Style Guide is
a set of
standards for the writing and design of
documents, either for general use or for a
specific publication, organization, or field. (It is often called a style
sheet, though that term has other meanings.) A style guide establishes and
enforces style to improve communication. To do that, it ensures
consistency within a document and across multiple documents and enforces
best practice in usage and in language composition, visual composition,
orthography and typography. For academic and technical documents, a guide
may also enforce the best practice in ethics (such as authorship, research
ethics, and disclosure), pedagogy (such as exposition and clarity), and
compliance (technical and regulatory). Style guides are common for general
and specialized use, for the general reading and writing audience, and for
students and scholars of various academic disciplines, medicine,
journalism, the law, government, business, and specific industries.
The Elements of Style is a prescriptive American English
writing style guide in numerous editions.
Elements of
Style.
Writing Resources
Write Like You Talk -
Talk Like You Write
Daily Writing Tips
Academic Help
Aero
Gramme Studio
The Right Margin Smart Writing App
Writers
Digest
Writers Handbook (amazon)
Facebook Language Style Guides
Writing Classes
Resources for Writers
Associated Press
Stylebook -
PDF
Plagiarism -
Citation Guide -
Copyrights -
Media
Literacy
Journalism Tools and Resources -
Internet Searching Tips
Research Papers Handbook (amazon) -
Research Paper Writing
Thesaurus is a reference work that lists words grouped
together according to similarity of
meaning
(containing synonyms and sometimes antonyms), in contrast to a dictionary,
which provides definitions for words, and generally lists them in
alphabetical order. The main purpose of such reference works is to help
the user "to find the word, or words, by which [an] idea may be most fitly
and aptly expressed".
Grammar.
Visual
Thesaurus -
Thesaurus
Finding
the Right Words -
Lexipedia
Nomenclature is a system of
Words used to name things in a
particular discipline. A system of names or terms, or the rules for
forming these terms in a particular field of
arts or
sciences.
Nomenclature is the system of assignment of names given to organic
compounds. The principles of naming vary from the relatively informal
conventions of everyday speech to the internationally agreed principles,
rules and recommendations that govern the formation and use of the
specialist terms used in scientific and other disciplines.
Lexicon is the
vocabulary
of a person,
language, or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or
medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes.
Virtual
Salt -
Medium
Authors
Guild
National Novel
Writing Month
National Travel
Writers
Association
Heretical Notions and Wretched Adages compiled by Jack Tourette
Online
Community for Writers of all Interests and Skill Levels
Literacy Books
Relevance Theory Online Bibliography
Resources for Writers
Professional Writing Services
American
Society of Magazine Editors
Books on Successful Writing (amazon)
Criterion
Online Writing Evaluation Service
Hannah Brencher
Featured Topic Criteria (wiki)
Author Central M-Quills Writing Tips
Writing
Classes
The Ultimate Guide to Writing better than you normally do
Check which famous
writer you write like with this statistical analysis tool
Poetry -
Creative Writing
You Should Write
-
My Script Font
VDA Writing Curriculum Videos:
Vandamme Academy (website)
-
VanDamme Academy (youtube)
-
The VDA Writing Curriculum - Part 1 of 8 (youtube).
Software used for Writing
Word Processor is an electronic device or
computer software
application, that performs the task of composing,
Editing,
formatting, and
printing of
documents.
Proof Reading Resources.
Open Office -
Libre
Office -
Abi Source
-
Vim
text editor -
Scrivener Word Processing Program.
Quotes and Sayings about being a Writer
I have never lived so passionately as when I am writing passionately about living. (Michael J. Budnicki)
"Either write things that are worth reading or do things that are worth
writing about, and if you do both you can't go wrong"
The World is a book, and those
who do not travel read only a page. (Saint Augustine)
A writer writes not because he is educated but because he is driven by the need to communicate. (
Leo Rosten)
The art of communicating thoughts
to the mind, through the eye is the great invention of the
world. (
Abraham
Lincoln)
"Try not to think about things that you're not willing to
write about. This is not to say that you should write about
everything that comes to mind, because something's cannot, and
should not, be shared in writing. Mostly because something's
cannot be fully understood enough. So if you feel the need to
write something down, that might be considered crazy or hard to
understand, do it privately so that it will give you some time
to understand and process these particular thoughts that you
have written."
"You never quite know what exact
arrangement of words that people will understand, the intended
meaning is not always a guarantee" - (Howard Polley).
Writing about your personal
experiences is liberating. It also gives you a chance to better
understand yourself by being able to
reexamine what you have
written later on. Writing about a moment in time that you have
experienced, through your own perspective, is saving a memory.
It's also creating a hard copy of a memory that will act like a
back up in case your personal
memory fades or leaves out
important details, for what ever reason. If you like what you
have written, then you should share it, like sharing a memory.
We all hope that we will be able to take our memories with us
when we
die, but just incase, we should write some of our memories
down because they might be beneficial to others, pretty much the
same way that
you benefited from the memories of other people in
your life, people who were thoughtful enough to share what they
have learned with you.
Pass the Baton
I love writing, even
though I might not agree with everything that I write later on.
That's why I love the digital world. I don't waste paper and I
didn't print any books. I can just delete it or
rewrite it.
Correcting is all about survival. The more I learn, the more my
understanding increases in size, so I have to update what I have
written. Some of what you see on this website is just the
first draft, and
others have gone through a few revisions. How an idea comes to
mind and the path it took is important. There are other paths
that led to the same idea. I got here because I was thinking of
this, but I also got here because I was thinking of that. Two
different paths leading to the same place.
"
I don't own the words or did I
create the words, I just assemble the words. Sometimes
uniquely, other times just a little differently."
The most important thing is to write down the words before you
forget them. And it's always a good idea to have
a place to put
things, a place that will make it easy for you to find and
remember the things that are important. So having some kind of a
File System has always been a very useful tool and
skill to have.
Perpetual: Some of the things that I have I
learned about writing is that the more you write the more you
learn. And one of the things that you learn when you write is
that you learn to write better. And when you learn to write
better you learn even more. So it’s safe to say,
if you never
stop writing about what you have learned, about yourself and the
world, you will never stop learning.
Even though I’m not a
great
writer, I myself look at writing as an incredible gift. At times
writing can be so exhilarating to me that it’s better then any
drug that I have ever done. But there were so many times in my
life that I wished I had the words for those particular moments,
but of course I didn’t.
It was always much later and too late. But as I found the words,
I realized that all is not lost. I can still say those words and
share them by writing them down. For I am certain that those
moments in my life will surely repeat themselves in other
peoples lives, if not my own. So just maybe, someone would be
lucky enough to remember what I have written, and not have to
walk away from a very important moment, saying, “I wished that I
had the right words to say”. To me that is the greatest gift a
writer could ever give. - (Howard Polley).
How do I know what I mean until
I see what I say?"
"There's a big difference between
what you want to say and what you eventually do say.
Remember what you were thinking and share it."
"Writing is like a form of
meditation, you need to slow your thinking down and
focus."
"I don't write to impress people,
I don't write to insult people, I don't write to manipulate
people, I write to
communicate with people."
"I'm
filing a
document of my thoughts. Just like millions of people have
done before me. I am an accumulation of thoughts that have been
passed down for thousands of years. And it seems that we are
just beginning to think, because we have never had so much
knowledge and information before, it's almost God like."
"It's very easy to look stupid
while you are actually planning something incredible. There's
genius under the chaos. But I wouldn't say that I'm doing it my
way, I'm just doing it the way it happens, which seems to be
perfect."
When it’s all said and done, will
you have said more than you’ve done?
More Quotes - Famous Sayings -
Inspiration Quotes -
Life Quotes
-
Education Quotes -
Money Quotes -
Adventure Quotes
-
Photography Quotes
-
Environmental Quotes -
Sports Quotes
-
Adventure Writing
-
Finding Quotations -
Brainy Quote -
Quote Garden -
Phrases.
Document Writing - Plain Language – But Not Too Simplistic
Document writing uses
plain language that is
clear and concise. Plain language
can helps to avoid
misinterpretations and also reduces
the time and cost in translation. Because plain language is
easier to
understand, it also reduces discussion during
drafting. Using plain
language does not mean
reducing the length of your message
or changing its
meaning or
over-simplifying your text.
Plain language is writing
without the fluff
and writing
without opinions or
worldview comments.
Documentation
Management -
Writing Tips -
Interpretation Errors -
Transition WordsConcise is giving a
lot of
information clearly and in a few words. Being
brief but also being
comprehensive or including everything that is needed. Expressing much in
few words.
Résumé.
How
to use Plain Language. Be clear to yourself about your main
message
– try reading it to yourself out loud. Put yourself in the place of the
reader. Keep your sentences short. Have one idea per
sentence. Leave out
words you don’t need. Use lists when you can. Use the active voice when
you can. Be concise, use short, simple words and avoid turning verbs into
nouns. Punctuate your writing carefully. Use more full stops, fewer
commas and brackets. Phrase your points positively. Use everyday language
whenever possible and
reduce jargon. Plain language is particularly important in the Scope. Use the same term
for the same concept everywhere.
Don’t use
synonyms.
Grammar.
Maxim of Quantity provides the right amount
of information needed for that conversation and to be as informative as
one possibly can.
Maxim of Quality provides
information that is true. To be truthful and not give information that is
false or that is not supported by evidence.
Maxim
of Relation provides information that is
relevant to the topic at
hand and says things that are pertinent to the discussion.
Maxim of Manner provides information that
is clear, brief and as orderly as one can in what one says, and where one
avoids obscurity and
ambiguity.
Style
Guides is a set of
standards for the
writing and design of documents,
either for general use or for a specific publication, organization or
field. The implementation of a
style guide provides uniformity in style
and formatting within a document and across multiple documents. A set of
standards for a specific organization is often known as "house style".
Style guides are common for general and specialized use, for the general
reading and writing audience, and for students and scholars of various
academic disciplines, medicine, journalism, the law, government, business,
and industry.
Format is the way in
which something is arranged or set out. Text formatting, the typesetting
of text elements, Paper formats, or paper size standards, Newspaper
format, the size of the paper page,
Font Size
and Type,
Spacing, Text Indentation, Order of Pages, Pagination and
Endnotes. Margins should be set to one inch on all sides (top, bottom,
left and right).
Margin in typography is the area between the main content of a page
and the page edges. The margin helps to define where a line of text begins
and ends.
Newspaper Formats
can vary different in countries. The size of a newspaper format refers to
the size of the paper page; the printed area within that can vary
substantially depending on the newspaper.
Format
Types (wiki).
Typesetting is the
composition of text by means of arranging physical types.
Word
Spacing in
typography to the size of the
space between words. It should be distinguished from letter-spacing (the
spacing between the letters within each word) and sentence spacing (the
spacing between sentences). Typographers may modify the spacing of letters
or words in a body of type to aid
readability
and copy fit, or for aesthetic effect. In web browsers and standardized
digital typography the word spacing is controlled by the CSS1 word-spacing
property. Word spacing is crucial for the written form because it
illustrates the sound of speech where audible gaps or pauses take place.
With typography, word spacing shows this unspoken aspect of speech.
Otherwise, it would be difficult for people to read one long continuous
line of letters. It is hard to determine how much spacing should be put in
between words, but a good typographer is able to determine proper spacing.
When text and spacing are consistent, this makes it easier to read.
Visual Field -
Speed Reading
Scriptio Continua is a style of
writing
without spaces, or other marks between the words or sentences. The
form also lacks punctuation, diacritics, or distinguished letter case. In
the West, the oldest Greek and Latin inscriptions used word dividers to
separate words in sentences; however, Classical Greek and late Classical
Latin both employed scriptio continua as the norm.
Space in punctuation is a
blank area that
separates words, sentences,
syllables (in syllabification) and other written or printed glyphs
(characters). Conventions for spacing vary among languages, and in some
languages the spacing rules are complex. Typesetting uses spaces of
varying length for specific purposes. The typewriter, on the other hand,
can accommodate only a limited number of keys. Most typewriters have only
one width of space, obtained by pressing the space bar. Following
widespread acceptance of the typewriter, some spacing and other typewriter
conventions, which were based on the typewriter's mechanical
limitations, have influenced professional typography other designers of
printed works. Computer representation of text eliminates all mechanical
and physical limitations in any sufficiently advanced character encoding
environment (such as Unicode), where spaces of various widths, styles,
or language characteristics (different space characters) are indicated
with unique code points. Whitespace characters include spaces of
various width, including all those that professional typesetters employ.
Letter-Spacing also referred to as tracking by typographers working
with
pre-WYSIWYG digital systems, refers to an optically consistent degree
of increase (or sometimes decrease) of space between letters to affect
visual density in a line or block of text. Letter-spacing should not be
confused with kerning. Letter-spacing refers to a uniform adjustment to
the spacing of a word or block of text affecting its density and texture.
Kerning is a spacing adjustment of one or more specific pairs of adjacent
characters that, because of the relationship of their respective shapes,
would appear to be badly spaced if left un-adjusted. An example might be a
capital V next to a capital A, which need to be brought closer together.
In its original meaning with metal type, a kern meant having a letter
stick out beyond the metal slug it was attached to, or cutting off part of
the body of the slug to allow (other similarly-trimmed) letters to
overlap. So a kern in that sense could only bring letters closer together
(negative spacing), though it was possible to add space between letters.
Digital kerning can go in either direction. Tracking can similarly go in
either direction, though with metal type one could only adjust groups of
letters further apart (positive spacing). Letter-spacing adjustments are
frequently used in news design. The speed with which pages must be built
on deadline does not usually leave time to rewrite paragraphs that end in
split words or that create orphans or widows. Letter-spacing is increased
or decreased by modest (usually unnoticeable) amounts to fix these
unattractive situations.
Spatial Intelligence.
Kerning
is the process of adjusting the spacing between characters in a
proportional font, usually to achieve a visually pleasing result. Kerning
adjusts the space between individual letter forms, while tracking
(letter-spacing) adjusts spacing uniformly over a range of characters. In
a well-kerned font, the two-dimensional blank spaces between each pair of
characters all have a visually similar area. The related term kern denotes
a part of a type letter that overhangs the edge of the type block. The
human perception of kerning can vary with the intraword and interword
spacing during reading. A visually pleasing result, even with no "kerning
control", can be achieved with some control of the space between letters.
Leading refers to the distance between adjacent lines of type. In the
days of hand-typesetting, it referred to the thin strips of lead that were
inserted into the forms to increase the vertical distance between lines of
type; in this case, the leading would be defined as the difference between
2 quantities: the size of the type and the distance from one baseline to
the next. For instance, given a type size of 10 points and a distance
between baselines of 12 points, the leading would be 2 points; put another
way, a leading of 2 points means there is a distance of 2 points from the
bottom of the high line of type to the top of the low line of type. In
modern times, though, there seems to be widespread use of "leading" to
refer instead to just the distance from one baseline to the next, probably
because modern layout software tracks that quantity instead of a virtual
strip of lead. The term is still used in modern page-layout software such
as QuarkXPress and Adobe InDesign. In consumer-oriented word-processing
software, this concept is usually referred to as "line spacing" or
"interline spacing", the latter of which is actually a more accurate description of the original meaning.
Plain Language
Plain
Language
is writing
designed to
ensure
the
reader understands as quickly, easily,
and completely as possible. Plain language strives to be
simple and
easy to
read, understand, and use. It avoids verbose, convoluted language and
jargon. In many countries, laws mandate that public agencies use plain
language to increase access to programs and services. The United Nations
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities includes plain
language as one of the "modes, means and
formats of communication".
Plain
Language Writing Standards (PDF).
Plain Language is
communication that your audience can understand the first
time they read it or hear it. Language that is plain to one set of readers
may not be plain to others. Written material is in plain language if your
audience can: Find what they need; Understand what they find; and Use what
they find to meet their needs. There are many writing techniques that can
help you achieve this goal. Among the most common are: Logical
organization with the reader in mind. "You" and other pronouns.
Active
voice. Short sentences. Common, everyday words. Easy-to-read design
features. No one technique defines plain language. Rather, plain language
is defined by results—it is
easy to read, understand, and use.
Plain language should create a clear
message
that is not
vague or
too
general and does not
influence
personal interpretations.
Prose is a form or
technique of language that exhibits a
natural flow of speech and
grammatical structure. Novels, textbooks and newspaper articles are all
examples of prose.
Prose is ordinary
writing as distinguished from
verse or
poetry.
Modes -
Interpretation Errors -
Transition Words
Information Management Plain Language -
Center for Plain Language
Plain Language Act - PUBLIC LAW 111–274—OCT. 13, 2010
124 STAT. 2861.
(PDF) -
To enhance citizen access to
Government information and services by
establishing that Government documents issued to the public must be
written clearly, and for other purposes.
US Government Publishing
Office.
Plain English
is a style of communication that uses easy to understand,
plain language
with an emphasis on clarity, brevity, and avoidance of overly complex
vocabulary. It is commonly used in relation to official government or
business communication. The goal is to write or speak in a way that is
easily understood by the target audience. It is clear and straightforward,
concise, free of clichés and needless technical jargon, and
appropriate to the audience's developmental or educational level and
their familiarity with the topic.
U.S.
Office of Personnel Management -
Plain
Language is grammatically correct and universally understood language
that includes complete sentence structure and accurate word usage. Plain
language is not unprofessional writing or a method of "dumbing down" or
"talking down" to the reader. Writing that is clear and to the point helps
improve all communication as it takes less time to read and comprehend.
Clear writing tells the reader exactly what the reader needs to know
without using unnecessary words or expressions. Communicating clearly is
its own reward as it saves time and money. It also improves reader
response to messages. Using plain language avoids creating barriers that
set us apart from the people with whom we are communicating.
Tips for Using Plain Language: Certain
qualities characterize plain language. These include common, everyday
words, except for necessary technical terms. Other qualities include the
use of personal pronouns; the active voice; logical organization; and
easy-to-read and understandable design features, such as bullets and
tables.
1. Engage Your Readers. First, consider who your readers are.
Consider what your readers need to know and want to know. Organize content
to answer their questions. Write at a reading level that is appropriate to
your intended audience.
2.
Write Clearly. Use common, everyday words
whenever possible. Word Choices: Use common, everyday words but avoid
slang. Use personal pronouns such as "you." Use "must" instead of "shall."
Avoid using undefined technical terms. Use positive rather than negative
words. Avoid using gender-specific terminology. Avoid long strings of
nouns. Verb Forms: Use active voice. Use action verbs. Use the present
tense whenever you can. Structure: Use parallel construction. Be
direct. Avoid unnecessary exceptions.
Articulate.
3.
Display Material Correctly.
Appearance is an important aspect of clear communication. If a document is
pleasing to the eye, it will be more likely to attract your readers'
attention. Appearance can also be an aid to readers, improving
comprehension and retention. Organization. Strong, logical
organization includes an introduction followed by short sentences and paragraphs. Organize
messages to respond to your readers' interests and concerns.
Introduction. In lengthier documents, use an introduction and a table of
contents to help readers understand how a document is organized.
Short Sentences and Paragraphs. Sentence length should average 15-20
words. Sentences that are simple, active, affirmative, and declarative
hold readers' interest. Generally, each paragraph should contain only
one topic. You may wish to use a series of paragraphs if you need to
express complex or highly technical information. The more writing deviates
from a clear and to-the-point structure, the harder it will be for
readers to understand what you are trying to convey. Layout. Layout
includes margins, headings, and white space. Provide white space between
sections to break up text and to make it easier for readers to
understand. Use headings to guide readers; the question-and-answer
format is especially helpful. Try to anticipate your readers'
questions and pose them as a reader would. Use adequate margins.
Tables. Tables make complex information readily understandable. They can
help readers see relationships more easily, and they may require fewer
words than straight text. Typography. Typography relates to fonts and
typographical elements used for emphasis, such as bullets or italics.
Limit the number of fonts you use. It is usually best to stick to one
font for headings and another for text. Use typographical elements
consistently throughout your document – and avoid overusing any one
element.
4. Evaluate Your Document. To ensure that you are
communicating clearly, evaluate the document or, better yet, have
another person read it and offer suggestions for clarification. Look over
the document for: Word choice, verb forms, and structure;
Correct spelling, grammar, and punctuation; Inclusion of appropriate
devices, such as dating, page numbering, and consistency; Visual
appeal; Consistency and effectiveness of layout and typographical
devices; and Line breaks that inadvertently separate part of a name or
date in a way that reduces clarity.
Legal
Writing is a type of
technical writing used by
lawyers, judges, legislators, and others in law
to express legal analysis and legal rights and duties. Legal writing
in practice is used to advocate for or to express the resolution of a
client's legal matter.
Readability is the ease
with which a reader can
understand a written text. In natural
language, the readability of text depends on its content (the complexity
of its vocabulary and syntax) and its
presentation (such as
typographic aspects like font size, line height, and line length).
Researchers have used various factors to measure readability, such as
speed of perception, perceptibility at a distance, Perceptibility
in
peripheral vision, Visibility, Reflex blink technique, Rate of
work (reading speed), Eye movements Fatigue in reading.
Readability is more than simply legibility—which is a measure of how
easily a reader can distinguish individual letters or characters from
each other. Higher readability eases reading effort and speed for
any reader, but it is especially important for those who do not have
high reading
comprehension. In readers with average or poor reading
comprehension, raising the readability level of a text from mediocre to
good can make the difference between success and failure of its
communication goals. Readability exists in both
natural language
and programming languages, albeit in different forms. In programming,
things such as programmer comments, choice of loop structure, and
choice of names can determine the ease with which humans can read
computer
program code.
Machine Readable
is data or text in a form that a computer can process.
Machine-Readable Data is data or metadata in a format that can be
easily processed by a computer.
Machine-Readable Documents are documents whose content can be readily
processed by computers. Such documents are distinguished from
machine-readable data by virtue of having sufficient
structure to provide
the necessary
context to support the
business processes for which they are created. Data
without context or
language use is
meaningless and will lack four of these essential
characteristics: Reliability, Authenticity, Integrity and Usability.
Image
Recognition -
Data Storage Types.
Comprehension
(understanding) -
Standards
Technical
Writing
is any
written form of writing or drafting
technical communication used in
a variety of technical and occupational fields, such as computer
hardware and software, engineering, chemistry, aeronautics, robotics,
finance, consumer electronics, and biotechnology. It encompasses the
largest sub-field within technical communication. The Society for
Technical Communication defines technical communication as any form of
communication that exhibits one or more of the following
characteristics: (1)
communicating about technical or specialized
topics, such as computer applications, medical
procedures, or
environmental regulations; (2) communicating through technology, such
as web pages, help files, or social media sites; or (3) providing
instructions about how to do something, regardless of the task's technical
nature.
Articulate -
Science Literature -
Thesis
Technical Writer
is a professional writer who produces technical
documentation that helps
people understand and use a product or service. This documentation
includes online help, manuals (system, end-user, training), white papers,
design specifications, project plans, test plans, business correspondence,
etc. With the rise of e-learning, technical writers are also charged with
creating online training for their audience of learners. Technical writers
explain technologies, processes, and products in many formats, including
print, online, and other electronic means.
Technical Writing Style
(wiki).
Professional Writing
is writing for reward or as a
profession,
or it is any form of written communication produced in a workplace
environment or context. Works produced with the professional writing style
allow professionals (e.g. employers, lawyers, businesspeople, etc.) to
make informed decisions. Professional writing involves the use of
precise language to convey information in a way
that is easily understood by its intended audience, and it may be
directed to inform, persuade, instruct, stimulate debate, or encourage
action. For example, in a business office, a memorandum (abbrev. memo) can
be used to provide a solution to a problem, make a suggestion, or convey
information.
Essays
-
Treatise -
Writing Tips
-
Minutes
Technical
Communication (visual) -
Technology
Education -
Documentation
Desktop
Publishing is the creation of documents using page layout skills on a
personal computer primarily for print. Desktop publishing software can
generate layouts and produce
typographic quality
text and images comparable to traditional typography and printing. This
technology allows individuals, businesses, and other organizations to
self-publish a wide range of printed matter. Desktop publishing is also
the main reference for digital typography. When used skillfully, desktop
publishing allows the user to produce a wide variety of materials, from
menus to magazines and books, without the expense of
commercial printing.
Isaac Asimov's writing style. "I have an informal style, which means I
tend to use short words and simple sentence structure, to say nothing of
occasional colloquialisms. This grates on people who like things that are
poetic, weighty, complex, and, above all, obscure. On the other hand, the
informal style pleases people who enjoy the
sensation of reading an essay without being aware that they are reading
and of feeling that ideas are flowing from the writer's brain into their
own without mental friction." Asimov was his own secretary, typist,
indexer, proofreader, and literary agent. He wrote a typed first draft
composed at the keyboard at 90 words per minute; he imagined an ending
first, then a beginning, then "let everything in-between work itself out
as I come to it". (Asimov used an outline only once, later describing it
as "like trying to play the piano from inside a straitjacket".) After
correcting a draft by hand, he retyped the document as the final copy and
only made one revision with minor editor-requested changes; a word
processor did not save him much time, Asimov said, because 95% of the
first draft was unchanged. After disliking
making multiple revisions of "Black Friar of the Flame", Asimov refused to
make major, second, or non-editorial revisions ("like chewing used gum"),
stating that "too large a revision, or too many revisions, indicate that
the piece of writing is a failure. In the time it would take to salvage
such a failure, I could write a new piece altogether and have infinitely
more fun in the process". He submitted "failures" to another editor. I
made up my mind long ago to follow one cardinal rule in all my writing—to
be 'clear'. I have given up all thought of writing poetically or
symbolically or experimentally, or in any of the other modes that might
(if I were good enough) get me a Pulitzer prize. I would write merely
clearly and in this way establish a warm relationship between myself and
my readers, and the professional critics—Well, they can do whatever they
wish. His words do not easily lend themselves to traditional literary
criticism because he has the habit of centering his fiction on plot and
clearly stating to his reader, in rather direct terms, what is happening
in his stories and why it is happening. In fact, most of the dialogue in
an Asimov story, and particularly in the Foundation trilogy, is devoted to
such exposition. Stories that clearly state what they mean in unambiguous
language are the most difficult for a scholar to deal with because there
is little to be interpreted.
Spelling - Writers Blindness
Spelling
is a linguistic process of phonemic orthography (correct writing) with the
necessary letters and diacritics present in a comprehensible order,
usually with some degree of standardization; it is "the conventions which
determine how the graphemes of a writing system are used to write a
language". In another words it is interpretation of
speech sound (phoneme)
into writing (grapheme). Spelling is one of the elements of orthography,
and highly standardized spelling is a prescriptive element.
Spell Checker is an application program that flags
words in a document that may not be spelled correctly. Spell checkers may
be stand-alone, capable of operating on a block of text, or as part of a
larger application, such as a
word processor, email client, electronic
dictionary, or search engine.
Editing Help -
Proof Reading
Typographical Error is a mistake made in the typing process (such as a
spelling mistake) of printed material. Historically, this referred to
mistakes in manual type-setting (typography). The term includes errors due
to mechanical failure or slips of the hand or finger, but excludes errors
of ignorance, such as spelling errors. Before the arrival of printing, the
"copyist's mistake" or "scribal error" was the equivalent for manuscripts.
Most typos involve simple duplication, omission, transposition, or
substitution of a small number of characters. (often shortened to typo,
also called misprint). "
Fat Finger", or
"Fat-Finger Syndrome", a slang term, refers to an unwanted secondary
action when typing. When one's finger is bigger than the touch zone, there
can be inaccuracy in the fine motor movements and accidents occur. This is
common with touchscreens. One may hit two adjacent keys on the keyboard in
a single keystroke. An example is "buckled" instead of "bucked", due to
the "L" key being next to the "K" key on the QWERTY keyboard, the most
common keyboard for Latin-script alphabets.
Writers
Blindness - One of my problems with hand
writing is that
I'm not thinking about
my spelling when I'm writing. This is because
my brain is thinking faster than I can write. So I find
myself scribbling my thoughts down a lot. But it's not that bad,
just as long as I can
deceiver what I have written and then rewrite it later.
Dysgraphia.
Why does the the
human brain ignore the second the? (youtube) - Have you ever
proof-read an essay 10 times before submitting it, but had an extra word
pointed out to you? Why does the the brain sometimes ignore these extra
words? Shouldn’t errors jump out to us because they’re an anomaly?
I'm sometimes more focused on what I'm trying to say then I
am about the spelling of words. That is why writers have
proof
readers and editors. This way writers can focus more on what
they're trying to say and not have to focus on irrelevant
things, like the spelling of words. I would rather
misspell words
when writing about things that are important then write about
things that are irrelevant but spelled perfectly, who cares.
Besides, if you know that a word is misspelled you must know
what the word is? So nothing is lost.
So the problem is not my spelling, the problem is that you're
too easily distracted by things that don't matter, which is no surprise. I
focus more on my thoughts then my
penmanship,
so what ever works for you I guess.
Dysgraphia is the
condition of impaired letter writing by hand. Dysgraphia is a neurological
condition in which someone has difficulty turning their thoughts into
written language for their age and ability to think, despite exposure to
adequate instruction and education. Dysgraphia can present with many
different symptoms at different ages. It's considered a learning
difference.
Dyslexia.
It's much more important to communicate effectively then it is to
always spell words correctly.
Spelling
is an irrelevant detail. Am I becoming a better speller, yes. But it is
still not a high priority, as you can still see.
Sometimes I can't stop to think about the spelling of a word
because that would cause me to change focus. And when thoughts
are flying by at lighting speed, if you look away just for a
second you sometimes miss key information pertaining to that
thought, like how the thought was generated? What was going to
be learned from that thought? Do more questions need to be
answered about that thought? And some thoughts immediately
create associations, so analyzing begins
immediately, which also needs to be documented. Can I get a Spell Check?
Phonological Ambiguity
-
Pronunciation Respelling
(sounds).
Missing Letter Effect refers to the finding that, when
people are asked to consciously detect target letters while reading text,
they miss more letters in frequent, function words (e.g. the letter "h" in
"the") than in less frequent, content words. The missing letter effect has
also been referred to as the reverse word superiority effect, since it
describes a phenomenon where letters in more frequent words fail to be
identified, instead of letter identification benefitting from increased
word frequency. The effect is usually measured using a paper-and-pencil
procedure, where readers are asked to circle a target letter every time
they come across it while reading a short passage. The missing letter
effect is more likely to appear when reading words that are part of a
normal sequence, than when words are embedded in a mixed-up sequence (e.g.
readers asked to read backwards).
Typoglycemia
demonstrates that readers can understand the meaning of
words in a sentence even when the interior letters of each word are
scrambled. As long as all the necessary letters are present, and the first
and last letters remain the same, readers appear to have little trouble
reading the text.
Spatial
Intelligence.
"Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht
oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is
taht the frist and lsat ltteers be at the rghit pclae. The rset
can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm.
Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by
istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe."
Bionic
Reading Method revises texts in such a way that the most concise
parts of the words are highlighted. This guides the eye over the text and
the brain remembers words and it can be
digested quicker. Bionic Reading is a new method facilitating the
reading process by guiding the eyes through text with artificial fixation
points. Bionic Reading is based on the principle that our brain can
identify whole words from just the initial few letters. Since this reading
method has been developed very recently, there is still no bionic reading
study for us to examine and share conclusions from.
Speed Reading.
Synapses in the brain mirror the structure of the visual world. Why
our brain might be so good at perceiving edges and contours. Neurons that
respond to different parts of elongated edges are connected and thus
exchange information. This can make it easier for the brain to identify
contours of objects. Individual visual stimuli are not processed
independently by our brain. Rather neurons exchange incoming information
to form a coherent perceptual image from the myriad of visual details
impinging on our eyes. How our visual perception arises from these
interactions is still unclear. This is partly due to the fact that we
still know relatively little about the rules that determine which
neurons in the brain are connected to each other, and what information
they exchange. The visual cortex, the largest part of the human brain, is
responsible for analyzing information from the eyes and enables us to
perceive the visual world. Different neurons in this brain area react to
components of the visual scene at specific positions in our
visual field.
Typewriter is a mechanical or electromechanical
machine for writing characters similar to those produced by printer's
movable type. A typewriter operates by means of keys that strike a ribbon
to transmit ink or carbon impressions onto paper. Typically, a single
character is printed on each key press. The machine prints characters by
making ink impressions of type elements similar to the sorts used in
movable type letterpress printing. At the end of the nineteenth century,
the term typewriter was also applied to a person who used a typing
machine.
Alphanumeric Keyboard
is a typewriter-style device which uses an arrangement
of buttons or keys to act as a mechanical lever or electronic switch.
Following the decline of punch cards and paper tape, interaction via
teleprinter-style keyboards became the main input device for computers.
Word Knowledge
-
Dictionaries
Website Fonts -
Pens and
Pencils
Instead of just having the computer
fix the misspelled word, first try to correct the
misspelled word yourself, eventually this will help you
will become a better speller.
Autocorrect -
Spelling -
Misspellings
I'm thinking faster than I can write my thoughts down,
and I don't always have time to
check my spelling. I
don't want my writing to slow down my thinking, because
some thoughts are so new and unique that if I pause for
just a moment, I may forget the idea that I was trying to
record and document. It's like trying to remember the
details of a dream that you just had when sleeping, the
longer you wait to recall the details of that dream, the
more details you will lose and forget.
"The two most important things about writing and
reading are
comprehension and
relevance. Just being a
good speller does not confirm good reading comprehension
or does it confirm that you are reading and writing
things that are important or relevant.
Make sure that kids understand what they are reading and
writing, and make sure that they are
reading and writing
things that are important and relevant to them, things
that will increase their understanding of themselves and
the world around them."
Spelling Practice Work Sheets Resources -
Learn ABC -
Abc Ya -
Learning Planet -
Learning Games for Kids -
Spelling Worksheets -
Work Sheets -
Learn to Spell -
Spelling Hemscott -
Work Sheets
-
Editing and Spell Checking
-
Does Correct
Spelling Matter?
-
Spelling Bee championship
-
Spelling Bees Practice -
Spelling Tips -
How to Spell -
Kids
Spell
Teaching 8 Spelling Patterns (youtube) -
5-year-old Edith
Fuller wins spelling bee in Tulsa (youtube)
But on the other hand.
Being
a good speller is a good sign of intelligence and a possible precursor
for success. But it's not that some people are good spellers, it's because
they have
good memories. And it's all about how
you use your memory, and
remembering
things of value and remembering what's important.
Grammar
Grammar is the set of
structural rules governing the
composition of clauses, phrases, and
words in any given natural
language.
The term refers also to the
study of such
rules, and this field includes
morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by
phonetics,
semantics, pragmatics,
comprehension
and
interpretation.
Grammatical Functions -
Nouns and Verbs
-
Punctuations -
Story Telling -
ModesComposition
is the
spatial property
resulting from the
arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to
the whole. Something that is created by arranging several things to form a
unified whole. The way in which someone or something is
composed. The act
of creating written works.
Universal Grammar is the theory of the genetic
component of the language faculty, usually credited to Noam Chomsky. The
basic postulate of UG is that language is
hard-wired into the brain. It is sometimes known as "mental grammar",
and stands opposed to other "grammars", e.g. prescriptive, descriptive and
pedagogical. The theory suggests that linguistic ability becomes manifest
without being taught, and that
there are properties that all natural human languages share. It is a
matter of observation and experimentation to determine precisely what
abilities are innate and what properties are shared by all languages.
Transformational Grammar in the study of
linguistics is part of the theory
of generative grammar, especially of naturally evolved languages, that
considers grammar to be a system of rules that generate exactly those
combinations of words which form grammatical sentences in a given
language. TG involves the use of defined operations called transformations
to produce new sentences from existing ones. The concept was originated by
Noam Chomsky, and much current research in transformational grammar has
been inspired by Chomsky's Minimalist Program.
Linguistic Prescription is the attempt to lay down rules defining
preferred or "correct" use of language. These rules may address such
linguistic aspects as spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, syntax, and
semantics. Sometimes informed by linguistic purism, such normative
practices may suggest that some usages are incorrect, illogical, lack
communicative effect, or are of low aesthetic value. They may also include
judgments on socially proper and politically correct language use.
Vagueness.
Grammatical Mood
is a grammatical feature of verbs, used for signaling modality. That is,
it is the use of verbal inflections that allow speakers to
express their attitude toward what they are saying
(e.g. a statement of fact, of desire, of command, etc.). The term is also
used more broadly to describe the syntactic expression of modality; that
is, the use of
verb phrases that do not
involve inflexion of the verb itself. Mood is distinct from
Grammatical Tense or
Grammatical Aspect, although the same word patterns are used for
expressing more than one of these meanings
at the same time in many languages, including English and most other
modern Indo-European languages. (See tense–aspect–mood for a discussion of
this.) Some examples of moods are
Indicative,
Interrogative,
Imperative,
subjunctive,
injunctive,
optative, and
potential. These are all finite forms of the verb. Infinitives, gerunds,
and participles, which are non-finite forms of the verb, are not
considered to be examples of moods. Some Uralic Samoyedic languages have
more than ten moods; Nenets has as many as sixteen. The original
Indo-European inventory of moods consisted of indicative, subjunctive,
optative, and imperative. Not every Indo-European language has all of
these moods, but the most conservative ones such as Avestan, Ancient
Greek, and Sanskrit have them all. English has indicative, imperative, and
subjunctive moods; other moods, such as the conditional, do not appear as
morphologically distinct forms.
Modes.
Modality
is a
proposition on the basis of whether
someone claims necessity or possibility or impossibility.
Verb inflections that express how the
action or state is conceived by the speaker. A particular sense.
Language Form or the structure of
language, involves three linguistic systems: phonology, morphology, and
syntax.
Punctuation
are marks used to clarify
meaning by
indicating separation of
words
into
sentences and clauses and phrases using of spacing,
conventional signs, and certain
typographical
devices as aids to the understanding and the correct reading, both
silently and aloud, of handwritten and printed texts. Another description
is: "The practice, action, or system of inserting points or other small
marks into texts, in order to aid
interpretation; division of text into
sentences, clauses, etc., by means of such marks.
Contractions -
Punctuation Mark Symbols
-
Keyboard Symbols
Grammatical Case is a special grammatical category of a
noun,
pronoun,
adjective, participle or numeral whose
value reflects the grammatical function performed by that word in a
phrase, clause or sentence. In some languages, nouns, pronouns,
adjectives, determiners, participles, prepositions, numerals, articles and
their modifiers take different inflected forms, depending on their case.
As a language evolves, cases can merge (for instance, in Ancient Greek,
the locative case merged with the dative case), a phenomenon formally
called syncretism.
Conjunction -
Prefix
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Article -
Suffix
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Affix Clause is an
expression including a
subject and
predicate but not constituting a
complete
sentence.
Clause
is a part of the sentence that contains a verb. Clause in a
contract is a
separate section of a legal document such as a statute, contract or will.
Subordinate Clause is a clause that is typically introduced by a
conjunction, that forms part of and is
dependent on a main clause. (e.g., “when it rang” in “she answered the
phone when it rang”). Subordinate clause is a clause that cannot
stand alone. It is not independent.
Dependent Clause
is a clause that
provides a sentence element with additional information,
but which cannot stand alone as a
sentence. A dependent clause can either
modify an adjacent clause or serve as a component of an independent
clause. Some grammarians use the term subordinate clause as a synonym for
dependent clause. Others use subordinate clause to refer only to adverbial
dependent clauses. The different types of dependent clauses include
content clauses (noun clauses), relative (adjectival) clauses, and
adverbial clauses.
Generalizing.
Independent
Clause is a clause that
can stand by itself as a simple sentence. An
independent clause contains a subject and a
predicate and makes sense by
itself. Independent clauses can be joined by using a semicolon or by using
a comma followed by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, for, or, nor,
so, yet, etc.). Examples of independent clause: I have enough money to buy
an ice cream cone. I have enough money to buy an ice cream cone; my
favorite flavor is chocolate. I have enough money to buy an ice cream
cone, so, let's go to the shop. Independent
Clause has a subject and a
verb and
expresses a complete thought-it can stand alone.
Content Clause
is
a subordinate clause that provides content implied or commented upon by
its main clause.
Relative Clause
is a kind of subordinate clause that contains an element whose
interpretation is provided by an antecedent on which the subordinate
clause is grammatically dependent; that is, there is an anaphora relation
between the relativized element in the relative clause and the antecedent
on which it depends.
Noun Phrase is a
phrase which has a noun (or indefinite pronoun) as its head, or which
performs the same grammatical function as such a phrase. Noun phrases are
very common cross-linguistically, and they may be the most frequently
occurring phrase type. Noun phrases often function as verb subjects and
objects, as predicative expressions, and as the complements of
prepositions. Noun phrases can be embedded inside each other; for
instance, the noun phrase some of his constituents contains the shorter
noun phrase his constituents. In some more modern theories of grammar,
noun phrases with determiners are analyzed as having the determine.
Predicative Expression is part of a clause predicate, and is an
expression that typically follows a
copula (or linking verb), e.g. be, seem, appear, or that appear as a
second complement of a certain type of verb, e.g. call, make, name, etc.
The most frequently acknowledged types of predicative expressions are
predicative adjectives (also predicate adjectives) and predicative
nominals (also predicate nominals). The main trait of all predicative
expressions is that they serve to express a property that is assigned to a
"subject", whereby this subject is usually the clause subject, but at
times it can be the clause object. A primary distinction is drawn between
predicative (also predicate) and attributive expressions. Further,
predicative expressions are typically not clause arguments, and they are
also typically not clause adjuncts. There is hence a three-way distinction
between predicative expressions, arguments, and adjuncts. The terms
predicative expression on the one hand and subject complement and object
complement on the other hand overlap in meaning to a large extent.
Syntax
is the set of rules, principles, and processes that govern the structure
of
sentences in a given
language, specifically word order. The term syntax
is also used to refer to the study of such principles and processes. The
goal of many syntacticians is to discover the syntactic rules common to
all languages. In
mathematics, syntax refers to
the rules governing the behavior of mathematical systems, such as formal
languages used in logic.
Syntax
is the grammatical
arrangement
of
words in
sentences. A
systematic orderly arrangement. Studies of the
rules for forming admissible sentences.
Prose is a form of language that exhibits a
grammatical structure and a natural flow of
speech, rather than a rhythmic
structure as in traditional poetry. Where the common unit of verse is
based on meter or rhyme, the common unit of prose is purely grammatical,
such as a sentence or paragraph.
Tone
Contraction is a shortened version of the written and spoken
forms of a word, syllable, or word group, created by omission of internal
letters and sounds. (You're from you are using the apostrophe '
punctuation mark.) In linguistic analysis, contractions should not be
confused with
crasis,
abbreviations nor
acronyms (including initialisms), with which they share
some semantic and phonetic functions, though all three are connoted by the
term "abbreviation" in loose parlance. Contraction is also distinguished
from clipping, where beginnings and endings are omitted.
Legibility
is the ease with which a
reader can recognize individual characters in
text. "The legibility of a typeface is related to the characteristics
inherent in its design … which relate to the ability to distinguish one
letter from the other." Aspects of type design that affect legibility
include "x-height, character shapes, stroke contrast, the size of its
counters, serifs or lack thereof, and weight." Legibility is different
from readability.
Readability is the ease with which a reader can
recognize words, sentences, and paragraphs. Legibility is a component of
readability. Other typographic factors that affect readability include
font choice, point size, kerning, tracking, line length, leading, and
justification.
Construction Grammar groups a number of models of
grammar that all subscribe to the idea that knowledge of a language is
based on a collection of "
form and function pairings". The "function" side
covers what is commonly understood as meaning, content, or intent; it
usually extends over both conventional fields of semantics and pragmatics.
Grammatical Construction is any syntactic string of
words ranging from
sentences over phrasal structures to certain complex
lexemes, such as phrasal verbs. Grammatical constructions form the primary
unit of study in construction grammar theories. In construction grammar,
cognitive grammar, and cognitive linguistics, a grammatical construction
is a syntactic template that is paired with conventionalized semantic and
pragmatic content. In these disciplines, constructions are given a more
semiotic character. In generative frameworks, constructions are
generally argued to be void of content and derived by the general
syntactic rules of the language in question.
Generative
Grammar is a
system of rules that generates exactly those combinations
of words that form grammatical sentences in a given language.
Parallelism in grammar is a balance within one or more
sentences of similar phrases or clauses that have
the same grammatical structure. The application of parallelism affects
readability and may make texts easier to process. Parallelism may be
accompanied by other
figures of speech such as
antithesis,
anaphora,
asyndeton,
climax,
epistrophe, and
symploce.
Antithesis used in writing or speech either as a proposition that
contrasts with or reverses some previously mentioned proposition, or when
two opposites are introduced together for contrasting effect.
Anaphora is a rhetorical device that consists of repeating a sequence
of words at the beginnings of neighboring clauses, thereby lending them
emphasis. In contrast, an epistrophe (or epiphora) is repeating words at
the clauses' ends. The combination of anaphora and epistrophe results
in symploce.
Epistrophe is the repetition of the same word or words at the end of
successive phrases, clauses or sentences. It is also known as epiphora and
occasionally as antistrophe. It is a figure of speech and the counterpart
of anaphora. It is an extremely emphatic device because of the emphasis
placed on the last word in a phrase or sentence.
Asyndeton is a literary scheme in which one or several conjunctions
are deliberately omitted from a series of related clauses. Examples
include veni, vidi, vici and its English translation "I came, I saw, I
conquered". Its use can have the effect of speeding up the rhythm of a
passage and making a single idea more memorable. Asyndeton may be
contrasted with syndeton (syndetic coordination) and polysyndeton, which
describe the use of one or multiple coordinating conjunctions,
respectively.
Symploce
is a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is used successively at
the beginning of two or more clauses or sentences and another word or
phrase with a similar wording is used successively at the end of them. It
is the combination of anaphora and epistrophe. It derives from the
Greek word, meaning "interweaving". "When there is talk of hatred, let us
stand up and talk against it. When there is talk of violence, let us stand
up and talk against it." — Bill Clinton
Antimetabole is the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in
transposed order; for example, "I know what I like, and I like what I
know". It is related to, and sometimes considered a special case of,
chiasmus. An antimetabole is also said to be a little too predictive
because it is easy to reverse the key term, but it can pose questions that
one usually would not think of if the phrase were just asked or said the
initial way.
Climax in rhetoric is a figure of speech in which words, phrases, or
clauses are arranged in order of increasing importance. "I think we've
reached a point of great decision, not just for our nation, not only for
all humanity, but for life upon the earth."
Endocentric and Exocentric a distinction is made between
endocentric and exocentric constructions. A grammatical construction (e.g.
a phrase or compound word) is said to be endocentric if it fulfills the
same linguistic function as one of its parts, and exocentric if it does
not. The distinction reaches back at least to Bloomfield's work of the
1930s. Such a distinction is possible only in phrase structure grammars
(constituency grammars), since in dependency grammars all constructions
are necessarily endocentric.
Meanings -
Writing Tips -
Vocabulary
Predicate is inspired by propositional logic and concerns traditional
grammar, and the subject. In the sentence Bill heard Fred, the predicate
is heard Fred. On this approach, the purpose of the predicate is to
complete an idea about the subject, such as what it does or what it is
like. The second notion is derived from work in predicate logic and is
prominent in modern theories of syntax and grammar. The predicate of a
sentence corresponds to the main verb (and potentially to any auxiliary
verbs that accompany the main verb); whereas the arguments of that
predicate (e.g. the subject and object noun phrases) are outside the
predicate. On this approach, the predicate in the sentence Bill heard Fred
is just the verb heard. The competition between these two notions has
generated confusion concerning the use of the term predicate in general.
This article considers both of these notions.
Grammatical Gender is a specific form of noun-class
system in which the division of noun classes forms an agreement system
with another aspect of the language, such as adjectives, articles,
pronouns, or verbs. This system is used in approximately one quarter of
the world's languages. In these languages, most or all nouns inherently
carry one value of the grammatical category called gender; the values
present in a given language (of which there are usually two or three) are
called the genders of that language. According to one definition: "Genders
are classes of nouns reflected in the behaviour of associated words."
Inflection is the modification of a word to express different
grammatical categories such as tense, case, voice, aspect, person, number,
gender, and mood. The inflection of verbs is also called conjugation, and
one can refer to the inflection of
nouns,
adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, determiners, participles, prepositions,
postpositions, numerals, articles etc., as declension.
Grammatical Conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a verb
from its principal parts by inflection (alteration of form according to
rules of grammar). Conjugation may be affected by person, number, gender,
tense, aspect, mood, voice, case, and other grammatical categories such as
possession, definiteness, politeness, causativity, clusivity,
interrogativity, transitivity, valency, polarity, telicity, volition,
mirativity, evidentiality, animacy, associativity, pluractionality,
reciprocity, agreement, polypersonal agreement, incorporation, noun class,
noun classifiers, and verb classifiers in some languages.
Grammar ccc is a Guide to Grammar and Writing. -
Grammar
Check -
Grammarist
-
Good
Grammar Tips -
Grammarly.
Sentence
Sentence is a string of
words satisfying the
grammatical
rules of a
language. A textual unit consisting of one or more words that
are grammatically linked. In functional linguistics, a sentence is a unit
of written texts delimited by graphological features such as upper case
letters and markers such as periods, question marks, and
exclamation
marks.
Nouns and Verbs.
Conditional Sentence are sentences expressing
factual
implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are
so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is
conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be
expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the
context.
Complex Sentence has one or more
dependent clauses, also called
subordinate clauses. Since a dependent clause cannot stand
on its own as a sentence, complex sentences must also have at least one
independent clause. A sentence with two or more independent clauses plus
one or more dependent clauses is called compound-complex or
complex-compound.
Sentence Function refers to a speaker's
purpose in uttering a specific
sentence, phrase, or clause. Whether a listener is present or not is
sometimes irrelevant. It answers the question: "Why has this been said?"
The four basic sentence functions in the world's languages include the
declarative, interrogative, exclamative, and the imperative. These
correspond to a statement, question, exclamation, and command
respectively. Typically, a sentence goes from one function to the next
through a combination of changes in word order, intonation, the addition
of certain auxiliaries or particles, or other times by providing a special
verbal form. The four main categories can be further specified as being
either
communicative or informative.
Exclamatory sentence expresses strong
emotion using
unfiltered vocalizations of our
feelings.
Imperative sentence gives
anything from a command or order, to a request, direction, or instruction,
aim is to get the person(s) being addressed either to do or to not do
something.
Informative sentences are more
for the mutual benefit of both the listener and the speaker. They are more
intentional or premeditated, less essential, more cooperative, and they
aim to either provide or retrieve information, making them quintessential
abstractions.
Declarative sentence is the
most common kind of sentence in language. a declarative states an idea
(either objectively or subjectively on the part of the speaker; and may be
either true or false) for the sheer purpose of transferring intel.
Interrogative sentence asks a question and
hence ends with a question mark. Its effort is to try to gather
information that is presently unknown to the interrogator, or to seek
validation for a preconceived notion held. Beyond seeking confirmation or
contradiction, sometimes it is approval or permission that is sought as
well, among other reasons one could have for posing a question.
Communication.
Syntax in
linguistics is the
grammatical arrangement of
words
in
sentences. The study of the rules for forming
admissible
sentences. A systematic
orderly arrangement.
Parse in grammar is to analyze
syntactically by assigning a constituent structure to a
sentence.
Preposition is a word governing, and usually preceding, a noun or
pronoun and expressing a relation to another word or element in the
clause, as in “the man on the platform,” “she arrived after dinner,” “what
did you do it for ?”. Preposition and Postposition are a class of words
used to express spatial or temporal relations (in, under, towards, behind,
ago, etc.) or mark various semantic roles (of, for).
Narrative Modes
Narrative is a
message that tells the particulars of an act
or occurrence or
course of events. Either presented in
writing or in
drama or in cinema,
or as a radio or television program. Usually characterized by the
telling of a story.
Mode is how something is done or
how it
happens or a way or manner in which something occurs or is experienced or
expressed. A particular functioning condition or arrangement. A
classification of propositions on the basis of whether they claim
necessity or possibility or impossibility.
Verb inflections that express
how the action or state is conceived by the speaker. Any of various fixed
orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave. The most frequent
value of a random variable.
Art.
Narrative
Mode is the use of a written or spoken commentary to
convey
a story to an audience. Narration encompasses a set of techniques through
which the
creator of the story presents their story, including:
Narrative
point of view is the
perspective or type of
personal lens or non-personal
"lens" through which a story is communicated.
Narrative voice
is the format
or type
presentational form through which a story is communicated.
Narrative time is the
grammatical placement of the story's time-frame in the
past, the present, or the future.
Context -
Moods (verbs) -
Stock Characters When someone controls
the narrative it means that a person is
telling their side
of a story and
interpreting a story
from a
particular point of view, which makes the story more
subjective, and makes
the story very difficult to understand
objectively. If you can
control the narrative objectively, you can educated people instead of
manipulating people.
Interpretation Errors.
Framing the Narrative can change the point
of view from which the story is
presented. A
Frame
Story is a literary technique that serves as a companion piece to a
story within a story, where an
introductory or main narrative sets the stage either for a
more emphasized second narrative or for a
set of shorter
stories. The frame
story leads readers from a first story into one or more other stories
within it. The frame story may also be used to inform readers about
aspects of the secondary narrative(s) that may otherwise be hard to
understand. This should not be confused with narrative structure.
Reframing the Narrative.
Narrative Structure is a
literary element generally described as the
structural framework that
underlies the order and manner in which a
narrative is
presented to a reader, listener, or viewer. The narrative
text structures are the
plot and the
setting.
Narrative Technique is any of several specific methods the creator of
a narrative uses to convey what they want—in other words, a strategy used
in the making of a narrative to
relay information to the audience and,
particularly, to "develop" the narrative, usually in order to make it more
complete, complicated, or interesting. Literary techniques are
distinguished from literary elements, which exist inherently in works of
writing.
List
of Narrative Techniques (wiki).
Literary Techniques are specific, deliberate constructions of
language which an author uses to convey meaning. An author's use of a
literary technique usually occurs with a single word or phrase, or a
particular group of words or phrases, at one single point in a text.
Film Genres.
Literary Device is a tool used by writers
to hint at larger themes, ideas, and meaning in a story or piece of
writing. There are many styles of literary devices, each serving a
different purpose. Writers often use multiple literary devices in tandem.
Poetic Device.
Narrative Film is a
motion picture
that tells a fictional or fictionalized
story, event or narrative.
Commercial narrative films with running times of over an hour are often
referred to as feature films, or feature-length films. The earliest
narrative films, around the turn of the 20th century, were essentially
filmed stage plays and for the first three or four decades these
commercial productions drew heavily upon the centuries-old theatrical
tradition. In this style of film, believable narratives and characters
help convince the audience that the unfolding fiction is real. Lighting
and camera movement, among other cinematic elements, have become
increasingly important in these films. Great detail goes into the
screenplays of narratives, as these films rarely deviate from the
predetermined behaviors and lines of the classical style of screenplay
writing to maintain a sense of realism. Actors must deliver dialogue and
action in a believable way, so as to persuade the audience that the film
is real life.
First-Person Narrative is a story from the
first-person
perspective.
The
viewpoint of a
character writing or
speaking directly
about themselves.
Talking to Yourself -
Biography.
Second-Person Narrative
is a narrative mode in which the
protagonist or another main character is
referred to by second-person personal pronouns and other kinds of
addressing forms, for example the English second-person pronoun "you".
Third-Person
a narrator with an overarching
point of view, seeing and knowing
everything that happens within the world of the story, including what each
of the characters is thinking and feeling, having its own personality,
offering judgments and opinions on the behavior of the characters.
Exposition in narrative is the insertion of important background
information within a story; for example, information about the setting,
characters'
backstories, prior
plot events, historical context, etc. In a specifically literary context,
exposition appears in the form of expository writing embedded within the
narrative. Exposition is one of four rhetorical modes (also known as modes
of discourse), along with description, argumentation, and narration, as
elucidated by Alexander Bain and John Genung. Each of the rhetorical modes
is present in a variety of forms, and each has its own purpose and
conventions. There are several ways to accomplish exposition.
Protagonist is the
player of the first part
or the
chief actor or
main character in any
story, such as a literary work or drama. The
protagonist is at the center of the story, should be making the difficult
choices and key decisions, and should be experiencing the consequences of
those decisions. The Protagonist can affect the main characters decisions.
The protagonist should be propelling the story forward. If a story
contains a subplot, or is a narrative that is made up of several stories,
then there may be a character who is interpreted as the protagonist of
each subplot or individual story.
Antagonist.
Character is the
representation of a person in a narrative
or dramatic work of art (such as a novel, play, or film).
Narrator
is the use of a written or spoken commentary to
convey a story to an
audience. Narration encompasses a set of techniques through which the
creator of the story presents their story, including: Narrative point of
view: the perspective (or type of personal or non-personal "lens") through
which a story is communicated. Narrative voice: the format (or type
presentational form) through which a story is communicated. Narrative
time: the
grammatical placement of the story's time-frame in the past, the
present, or the future.
Reconstruction is an
interpretation formed
by piecing together bits of evidence. Recall that is hypothesized to work
by storing abstract features which are then used to construct the memory
during recall.
Book Types.
Past Tense is to place an action or situation in
past time,
indicating that the event being referred to took place in the past.
Present Perfect used to express a past event that has
present consequences.
Present Tense is
a tense expressing an action that is currently going on or habitually
performed, or a state that currently or generally exists.
Future Tense is an event that has not
happened yet, something that may happen in the
future.
Subjunctive
Mood is a grammatical mood (that is, a way of speaking that
allows people to express their attitude toward what they are saying) found
in many languages. Subjunctive forms of verbs are typically used to
express various states of unreality such as wish, emotion, possibility,
judgment, opinion, obligation, or action that has not yet occurred; the
precise situations in which they are used vary from language to language.
Rhetorical Modes
describe the variety, conventions, and purposes of the major kinds of
language-based communication, particularly writing and speaking. Four of
the most common rhetorical modes and their purpose are narration,
description, exposition, and argumentation.
Tone expresses the writer's attitude toward or feelings
about the subject matter and audience.
Tone of Voice
Literary Technique is any of several specific methods the
creator of a narrative uses to convey what they want—in other words, a
strategy used in the making of a narrative to relay information to the
audience and, particularly, to "develop" the narrative, usually in order
to make it more complete, complicated, or interesting. Literary techniques
are distinguished from literary elements, which exist inherently in works
of writing.
Writing Style.
Passive Voice is when the subject of a sentence or clause featuring
the passive voice typically denotes the recipient of the action (the
patient) rather than the performer (the agent). The passive voice in
English is formed
periphrastically: the usual construction uses the
auxiliary verb be (or get) together with the past participle of the main
verb.
Grammatical Person is the grammatical distinction between
deictic references to participant(s) in an event; typically the
distinction is between the speaker (first person), the addressee (second
person), and others (third person). Grammatical person typically defines a
language's set of personal pronouns. It also frequently affects verbs,
sometimes nouns, and possessive relationships.
Active Voice is a grammatical voice common in many of the
world's languages. It is the
unmarked voice for clauses featuring a
transitive verb in nominative–accusative languages, including English and
most other Indo-European languages.
Document
Writing (prose).
Composition in written language, refers to the body of
important features established by the author in their creation of
literature. Composition relates to narrative works of literature, but also
relates to essays, biographies, and other works established in the field of rhetoric.
Imperfect is a verb form, found in various languages,
which combines past tense (reference to a past time) and imperfective
aspect (reference to a continuing or repeated event or state). It can
therefore have meanings similar to the English "was walking" or "used to
walk." It contrasts with preterite forms, which refer to a single completed event in the past.
I like people who make objective third person observations. People
who make subjective third person observations are mostly making
assumptions that are filled with more contradictions with hardly any
useful information. They talk, but they don't say anything valuable or
relative. Static is more interesting than listening to them speak. I would
rather be in between radio stations than listen to their gibberish. But I
don't want to be mean. So usually I don't say anything.
The third
person
omniscient point of view is the most
open and flexible POV available to writers. As the name implies, an
omniscient narrator is all-seeing and all-knowing. While the narration
outside of any one character, the narrator may occasionally access the
consciousness of a few or many different characters. The third person
limited point of view is where the narrator
tells the story from the perspective of a single protagonist, referring to
them by name or using a third person pronoun such as they/she/he. The
narrator can only see inside the mind of the protagonist. Third person
objective or the
third-person perspective
is the most neutral and impartial one. The narrator doesn't follow a
single character and doesn't enter a character's perspective. They're not
omniscient and therefore don't know what any of the characters are
thinking or feeling, and cannot tell what motivates them.
Fiction - Not Based on Fact
Fiction is something
not based on fact
or history. A deliberately
false
or improbable account. Any story
derived from imagination. Fiction can be expressed in a variety of formats, including
writings, live performances, films, television programs, animations, video
games, and role-playing games, though the term originally and most
commonly refers to the
narrative forms of
literature, including the novel, novella, short
story, and play. Fiction constitutes an act of creative invention, so that
faithfulness to
reality is not typically assumed.
Fiction
is not expected to present only characters who are actual people or
descriptions that are factually true. The context of fiction is generally
open to interpretation, due to fiction's freedom from any necessary
embedding in reality; however, some fictional works are claimed to be, or
marketed as, historically or factually accurate, complicating the
traditional distinction between fiction and non-fiction. Fiction is a
classification or category, rather than a specific mode or genre, unless
used in a narrower sense as a synonym for a particular literary fiction
form.
Media Literacy.
Science Fiction dealing with
imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space
travel, time travel, faster than light travel, parallel universes, and
extraterrestrial life.
Not Real Science.
Non-Fiction is supposed to be writing that is
based on facts,
real events, and
real
people, such as
biography or
history. Non-fiction content is sometimes in the form of a
story
whose creator assumes responsibility for the
truth or
accuracy of the
events, people, and/or information presented. In contrast, a story whose
creator explicitly leaves open if and how the work refers to
reality is
usually classified as fiction. Nonfiction, which may be presented either
objectively or
subjectively, is
traditionally one of the two main divisions of
narratives (and,
specifically, prose writing), the other traditional division being
fiction, which contrasts with nonfiction by dealing in information,
events, and characters expected to be partly or largely imaginary.
Where's the Facts Jack? You
can't go through life
without knowing any facts.
Documentary -
Movie Types (film
styles)
Historical Fiction is a literary genre in which the plot takes place
in a setting located in the past. Historical fiction can be an ambiguous
term: frequently it is used as a synonym for describing the
historical
novel; however, the term can be applied to works in other narrative
formats, such as those in the performing and visual arts like theatre,
opera, cinema, television, comics, and graphic novels.
Even History is Skewed.
Interactive Fiction is software
simulating environments in
which players use text commands to control characters and influence the
environment. Works in this form can be understood as literary narratives,
either in the form of Interactive narratives or Interactive narrations.
These works can also be understood as a form of
video game, either in the
form of an adventure game or
role-playing game. In common usage, the term refers to text
adventures, a type of adventure game where the entire interface can be
"text-only", however, Graphical text adventure games, where the text is
accompanied by graphics (still images, animations or video) still fall
under the text adventure category if the main way to interact with the
game is by typing text. Some users of the term distinguish between
interactive fiction, known as "Puzzle-free", that focuses on narrative,
and "text adventures" that focus on puzzles.
Proposition refers to some or all of the following: the
primary bearers of truth-value, the objects of belief and other
"propositional attitudes" (i.e., what is believed, doubted, etc.), the
referents of that-clauses, and the
meanings of declarative sentences.
Propositions are the sharable objects of attitudes and the primary bearers
of truth and falsity. This stipulation rules out certain candidates for
propositions, including thought- and utterance-tokens which are not
sharable, and concrete events or facts, which cannot be false.
Literary Realism attempts to represent familiar things as
they are. Realist authors chose to depict everyday and banal activities
and experiences, instead of using a romanticized or similarly stylized
presentation.
Adaptation in arts is a
transfer of a work
of art from one
medium to another. Some
common examples are: Film adaptation, a story from another work, adapted
into a film (it may be a novel, non-fiction like journalism,
autobiography, comic books, scriptures, plays or historical sources).
Literary adaptation, a story from a literary source, adapted into another
work. Theatrical adaptation, a story from another work, adapted into a
play. There is, however, no end to potential media involved in adaptation.
Adaptation is the practice of
transcoding
or changing the code or 'language' used in a medium, as well as the
assimilation of a work of art to other cultural, linguistic, semiotic,
aesthetic or other norms. Recent approaches to the expanding field
Adaptation Studies reflect these expansion of our perspective. Adaptation
occurs as a special case of
intertextual
and intermedial exchange and the copy-paste culture of digital
technologies has produced "new intertextual forms engendered by emerging
technologies—mashups,
remixes,
reboots, samplings, remodelings, transformations— " that "further develop
the impulse to adapt and appropriate, and the ways in which they challenge
the theory and practice of adaptation and appropriation."
Literary Adaptation is the adapting of a literary source (e.g. a
novel, short story,
poem) to another
genre or
medium,
such as a film, stage play, or video game. It can also involve adapting
the same literary work in the same genre or medium just for different
purposes, e.g. to work with a smaller cast, in a smaller venue (or on the
road), or for a different demographic group (such as adapting a story for
children). Sometimes the editing of these works without the approval of
the author can lead to a court case. It also appeals because it obviously
works as a story; it has interesting characters, who say and do
interesting things. This is particularly important when adapting to a
dramatic work, e.g. film, stage play, teleplay, as dramatic writing is
some of the most difficult. To get an original story to function well on
all the necessary dimensions—concept, character, story, dialogue, and
action—is an extremely rare event performed by a rare talent. Perhaps most
importantly, especially for producers of the screen and stage, an adapted
work is more bankable; it represents considerably less risk to investors,
and poses the possibilities of huge financial gains. This is because: It
has already attracted a following. It clearly works as a literary piece in
appealing to a broad group of people who care. Its title, author,
characters, etc. may be a franchise in and of themselves already.
Theatrical Adaptation is using material from another
artistic medium, such as a novel or a film
is re-written according to the needs and requirements of the theatre and
turned into a play or musical.
Film Adaptation is the transfer of a work or story, in whole or in
part, to a
Feature Film.
Transcription is the systematic representation of language
in written form. The source can either be utterances (speech or sign
language) or preexisting text in another writing system.
Play in theatre is a form of literature written by a playwright,
usually consisting of dialogue between characters, intended for
theatrical
performance rather than just reading.
Logical Form is the form obtained by abstracting from the
subject matter of its content terms or by regarding the content terms as
mere placeholders or blanks on a form. In an ideal logical language, the
logical form can be determined from syntax alone; formal languages used in
formal sciences are examples of such languages. Logical form, however,
should not be confused with the mere syntax used to represent it; there
may be more than one string that represents the same logical form in a
given language.
Logical Consequence Entailment is a fundamental concept in
logic, which describes the relationship between statements that holds true
when one statement logically follows from one or more statements. A valid
logical argument is one in which the conclusions are entailed by the
premises, because the conclusions are consequences of the premises. The
philosophical analysis of logical consequence involves the questions: In
what sense does a conclusion follow from its premises? and What does it
mean for a conclusion to be a consequence of premises? All of
philosophical logic is meant to provide accounts of the nature of logical
consequence and the nature of logical truth.
Sociolinguistics -
Short-and Long-Term Effects of a Novel on Connectivity in the Brain.
Imperative Logic is the field of logic concerned with
arguments containing sentences in the imperative mood. In contrast to
sentences in the declarative mood, imperatives are neither true nor false.
This leads to a number of logical dilemmas,
puzzles, and paradoxes.
Unlike classical logic, there is almost no consensus on any aspect of
imperative logic.
Imperative Mood is a grammatical mood that forms commands or
requests, including the giving of prohibition or permission, or any other kind of advice or exhortation.
Profanity - Politically Correct
Potty Mouths - Foul-Mouthed - Four-Letter Words - Naughty Words
- Dirty Words - Cursing - Vulgarity - Vulgar Language - Colorful Language
- F-bomb -
Labels -
Humor as a
Weapon -
Writing Risks -
Spelling -
Buzz Words -
Communicating Emotions
Profane are words
characterized by profanity or cursing that may violate the sacred
character of a place or
language or
corrupt someone morally.
Cursing is to utter obscenities,
profanities or an
offensive
or indecent word or phrase.
Explicit Language is offensive or graphic
language.
Swear Word is an
offensive word, used especially as an expression of
anger.
Offensive is something unpleasant or
disgusting, especially to the senses. Causing anger or annoyance. The
action of
attacking
someone or tending to
violate
or offend someone.
Offend is an act
in
disregard of laws, rules,
contracts, or promises. To cause somebody
emotional pain and anger
that is aroused by some perceived offense or injustice.
Obscenity is an offensive or indecent word
or phrase. The trait of behaving in an
obscene manner.
Obscene is being suggestive of or tending
to moral looseness. Designed to incite to indecency or lust.
Offensive to
the mind.
Vulgar is something
lacking refinement, cultivation or taste. Something conspicuously and
tastelessly indecent.
Uncouth is
lacking refinement, cultivation or taste.
Hate Speech is speech which
attacks a person or a group on the
basis of attributes such as gender, ethnic origin, religion, race,
disability, or sexual orientation.
Degenerate is someone who is
unrestrained by convention or morality. Showing evidence of deterioration,
having lost good qualities. A person whose behavior deviates from what is
acceptable.
Freedom of Speech Abuses -
Clear and Present Danger -
Imminent Lawless Action -
Hate Crime
(prejudice) -
Hatred (hating)
-
Slander -
Anger -
Behaviors -
Toxic Leadership
Choosing the right words is extremely important. When you try to say
things too nicely, you take the risk of people not understanding the
importance of what you are saying. And when you are using vulgar words in
order to express importance, then you also risk having people not fully
understanding the importance of your message because some people are
offended by a few words that you used. So the trick is to show importance
without offending anyone, even though that it is sometimes unavoidable.
Dammed if you do, dammed if you don't.
Writing profanity is
the ability to speak loader using certain words. And speaking with
a raised or load voice
does the same thing, it's putting
emphasis
on something, something that you feel is important. Writing profanity can
help bring something to someone's attention, something they should be aware
of. But of course,
there are other words that are a lot better that you
can use to get someone's attention. And you need to communicate something
without distracting the person or causing the person to react to a word
instead of reacting to the message.
Expletive Infixation is a process by which an expletive or profanity
is inserted into a word,
usually for intensification. It is similar to
tmesis,
but not all instances are covered by the usual definition of tmesis
because the words are not necessarily compounds.
When someone does
something bad,
you have to say something, and
you have to let that person know that what they are doing is bad and that
they are causing people harm or causing people to suffer. And if the words
used to express frustration are insulting or hurtful to you, then you're
feeling like the person who is abused is feeling. You hurt me, now I hurt
you back. And now we both know that something is wrong. This when when
people usually have a conversation. But in order to have a
real conversation, both people
must know how to have a real conversation.
Swear words can be acceptable sometimes,
just as long as you also use more appropriate words that clarify your
message and help people understand what
you're saying. Swear words on their own are almost meaningless without the
context or without the important
details that explains the message
objectively. If you're
only using swearwords, and not saying anything
constructive, then you're mostly talking
shit.
Too Many
People Talk Shit. That's because people who talk shit
don't know shit, so naturally
shit comes out of their mouth. So they either don't know Jack Shit, or they
are just a Lying Piece of Shit, or just a
scumbag?"
Talking Shit is a term and type of trash-talk that refers to various
types of derogatory language aimed at an individual or any type of entity,
such as a group or organization. Talking shit can be used as a tactic in
fighting or brawling, used to draw attention to the matter among
onlookers. This is a term that has been coined more recently and is used
in reference when someone talks negatively or
spreads false ideas about another
person, concept, organization, or entity. The same term can also be used
to describe something spoken which is not true, uninteresting or
irrelevant. It may be a contraction of Talking Bullshit. It is not to
be confused with shitposting, which is when someone posts "content
aggressively, ironically, and trollishly poor quality" to an online forum.
Bullshit means "nonsense", especially as a rebuke in response to
communication or actions viewed as deceptive, misleading, disingenuous,
unfair or false. As with many expletives, the term can be used as an
interjection, or as many other parts of speech, and can carry a wide
variety of meanings. A person who communicates nonsense on a given subject
may be referred to as a "bullshit artist". In philosophy and psychology of
cognition the term "bullshit" is sometimes used to specifically refer to
statements produced without particular concern of truth, to distinguish
from a deliberate, manipulative lie intended to subvert the truth. While
the word is generally used in a deprecatory sense, it may imply a measure
of respect for language skills or frivolity, among various other benign
usages. As an exclamation, "Bullshit!" conveys a measure of
dissatisfaction with something or someone, but this usage need not be a
comment on the truth of the matter.
Trash-Talk is a
form of insult usually
found in sports events, although it is not exclusive to just sports or
similarly characterized events. It is often used to intimidate the
opposition, but can also be used in a humorous spirit. Trash-talk is often
characterized by use of hyperbole or figurative language, such as, "Your
team can't run! You run like honey on ice!" Puns and other wordplay are
commonly used.
Cheap
Talk (wiki).
Politically Correct is just another phrase
that people use that says almost nothing about what a person means or what
a person is trying to say. If you don't provide an example or a particular
scenario that explains your message, then you are not saying anything, and
you are most likely just
pretending to know what you're talking about. Like when someone says
socialism. Most people have no idea what socialism means, or what
democracy means. You have to talk about a particular social and government
service so that people have some idea what you're talking about. You just
can't
generalize and use
non-definitive words. You either talk specifics, or go educate yourself so
that you can actually know what you're talking about. Then we can start
having a real conversation. You need to understand language. You have the
right to use words that are necessary that helps to explain something
important that you are trying to say. But if you use words that can be
misleading or
vague, then you are not using
words that are necessary, which means that your using words that confuses
your message, which means you just wasted everyone's time and said
absolutely nothing other than that you have a very small vocabulary and
don't know how to communicate effectively or efficiently. Learn the
meaning of words and learn how to use words in the right
context. You have
to be careful with the words that you use when speaking or writing, not
because of political correctness, but because you need to speak and
communicate accurately, if not, then you're just inciting more ignorance
and not saying anything valuable or important. I usually ignore people who
use
ambiguous and general terms,
because when I ask them to explain what they mean, they usually get
embarrassed or angry, or worst, they pretend to explain what they're
saying by using more ambiguous and general terms. Which means they talk but
they don't say anything, and they never transmit anything informative.
Which means that they are mostly just saying that they can't explain their
own reasoning. Words do not offend me, ignorance offends me, so please go
educate yourself and stop offending people with your ignorance.
Diplomacy.
Political Correctness or
PC Culture
is used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to
avoid offense or disadvantage to members of particular
groups in society.
Since the late 1980s, the term has come to refer to avoiding language or
behavior that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting groups
of people considered disadvantaged or discriminated against, especially
groups defined by sex or race. In public discourse and the media, it is
generally used as a pejorative, implying that these policies are
excessive.
Slander
-
Satire
Call
people by their chosen name, don't ever refer to someone by their race,
nationality or any other detail that does not explain who you are talking
about. If one of your family members committed murder, it does not mean
that your entire family committed murder, it means a member of your family
committed murder, a that member of your family has a name. And just
because you share the same last name, it does not mean that you share the
same guilt or share the same mistake or share the same penalty.
Writing is hard. Reading is all about the
persons
interpretation of the words
that have been
presented. Some
people get offended, some people get educated, and some people get nothing
from the message. There is no safe zone for words that can be interpreted
as being
inappropriate or offensive. You ride the
line between getting your message heard and not getting your message heard
because you were afraid to use certain words. You want to bring attention
to something without distracting someone from the message. You don't want
to force someone to look at things in the same way that you do. You should
just help people
see things
from another angle or
see
things from the other side. If you can
see the whole picture, then you
have a better chance to understand its message more clearly.
Communicating Emotions
Slang is mostly used for
expressing emotion. Slang is
not that effective
when
communicating facts. Just like the word criminal, the word does not
tell you anything about the person, other than that the person did
something wrong. When I use swear words or curses, I am mostly expressing
emotion and disappointment. My intentions are
not to offend anyone or to hurt anyone. My swear words are solely
meant to bring
attention to a
serious problem, a problem that you
may or may not be involved in. So the swear words are mostly directed at a
problem and not so much at a particular person. Do I need to use
profanity? Are offensive words more of a
distraction than they are
about raising
awareness? And
are these bad words becoming
obsolete?
Communicating
Emotions is not always accurate, or
is it without risk.
The reader wants to know what the writer is feeling or what the character
is feeling, but at the same time, the writer does not want the reader to
be distracted or
misinterpret the message.
You can't
always be emotionless. Humans are born with this emotional sensor.
Like a built in rollercoaster ride that's always available. But
emotions
can be easily misinterpreted and
manipulated. Even our own emotions can be misinterpreted
because the body can affect the mind. So messages and signals from our own
body can be misinterpreted
and cause an emotion that is not an accurate measurement of reality.
Morals -
Forgiveness.
You need to learn how to
make words powerful, but
you also how to make words powerless when needed.
Interjection is a word used to express a particular emotion or
sentiment on the part of the speaker.
Superlative is a form of an
adverb or adjective that is used to
signify the greatest degree of a
given
descriptor.
Emphasize is to single out something as important. To give extra
weight to something during communication. Give special importance or prominence to (something) in
speaking or writing. Make (something) more clearly defined.
Emphatic is something spoken with emphasis,
or something sudden and strong. Forceful and definite in expression or
action.
Exclamation is an abrupt or sudden
excited utterance. A loud complaint or protest or a rebuke or criticism.
Exclamation Mark is a
punctuation mark
usually used after an interjection or exclamation to
indicate strong feelings or high volume
(shouting), or to show emphasis, and often marks the end of a sentence,
for example: "Watch out!" Similarly, a bare exclamation mark (with nothing
before or after) is often used in warning signs.
Bad words are
used to describe something or someone who is
bad or
wrong or something
that you don't agree with. When someone is bad or wrong you may say
"you're a f*cking as*hole". When someone is saying something that is not
accurate you may say "that's f*cking bullsh*t you as*hole".
I like
calling people who are
wrong
and bad
scumbags. But they don't always
interpret the word scumbag correctly. So sometimes you have to explain in
more detail what you mean. After all, being a scumbag also means that you
are most likely to be ignorant too. So when I'm
calling someone an
ignorant scumbag, what I'm really saying is that
the person is lacking knowledge and that their behavior is wrong and bad.
They may have a child like mentality, so the person is not just immature,
naive and irresponsible, they are also abusive, selfish, condescending,
and kind of psychopathic. And the worst part is, they are usually in
denial, and they don't see themselves that way. Some ignorant people have
to lie to themselves just so they can make excuses for their behaviors. I
would think that if an ignorant person is under educated in certain ways,
and it would be a good idea if they got some type of counseling or
tutoring, because they could be a danger to themselves or a danger to
others if they stay ignorant. So you see, calling someone an ignorant
scumbag is easier to say, but it's not always the most appropriate thing
to say. Just calling someone an ignorant scumbag is ineffective in
describing all the things that are wrong about certain behaviors. You
would need to have a real conversation with someone. So when I'm calling
someone an ignorant scumbag, what I'm saying is "Hello, would you like to
talk?" So its a type of greeting, especially between friends.
If you don't explain why
something is important, then bad words become just empty words, and
sometimes certain words do more harm then good. So your attempt to bring
light to something may end up being shrouded in darkness, where the
problem will hide from the eyes of the ignorant.
Swearwords can be used to bring
attention to something that is
important, or perceived to be
important, like an
exclamation mark.
So "f*ck" could mean "please look and
listen, this is important!" or
perceived to be important, after
all, a swearword does not replace
the words such as evidence, research or
experience, you still have to
define the words you use and explain what
you mean. You want to bring attention
to something, but you don't want to
distract someone by using words that
are
biased. So use profanity
wisely and respectfully. Remember, "Go f*ck
yourself and have a nice day a**hole"
is
contradictory, and
mean.
To feel
insulted or offended by profanity is not
beneficial to you or anyone. To
be truly offended or insulted is to say things that are insinuating and
meant to hurt someone, like you're fat, you're ugly, you're stupid, you're
a certain color, you're a certain religion or a certain sexual
orientation. There are many hurtful things that you can say to a person.
But like a lot of words, a swear word has no
definitive meaning, just like most
insults do. Your fat because you eat to much is not always the case. Your
ugly does not say that you are ugly to everyone. Saying you're stupid does
not measure your intelligence. And the color of your skin does not say
what kind of person you are. If someone calls you an asshole, this does
not define you as only being an asshole, or mean and selfish, it just
might be saying that a particular action you took was bad and wrong. So
someone called you an asshole just to shorten the sentence, because there
my be a time constraint. So what ever words are used, just remember, it's
like someone saying "Hey you!", and you say "What!" or you just ignore
them, which is usually the
best reaction.
"Sticks and
stones may break my bones, but names will never hurt me"
Defamation
is the communication of a
false statement that
harms the reputation of an
individual person, business, product, group, government, religion, or
nation.
Racial Slurs
List (wiki) -
Slander -
Defamation -
Free Speech Abuse
Epithets
are a
defamatory or
abusive word or phrase. An
adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the
person or thing mentioned. Epithets are sometimes attached to a person's
name or appear in place of their name, as what might be described as a
glorified
nickname or
sobriquet.
Slang consists of a lexicon of non-standard words and
phrases in a given language. Use of these words and phrases is typically
associated with the subversion of a standard variety (such as Standard
English) and is likely to be interpreted by listeners as implying
particular attitudes on the part of the speaker. In some contexts, a
speaker's selection of slang words or phrases may convey prestige,
indicating group membership or distinguishing group members from those who
are not a part of the group.
Sexual Slang is a
set of linguistic
terms and phrases used to refer to sexual organs,
processes, and activities; they are generally considered colloquial rather
than formal or medical, and some may be seen as impolite or improper.
Related to sexual slang is slang related to defecation and flatulence
(toilet humor, scatolinguistics). References to the anal tract are often
given a
sexual connotation in the context of anal sex (in particular, in a
context of male homosexuality). While popular usage is incredibly
versatile in coining ever new short-lived synonyms, old terms with
originally no pejorative colouring may come to be considered inappropriate
over time. Thus, terms like arse/ass, cunt, cock and fuck should not be
considered "slang," since they are the inherited common English terms for
their referents, but they are often considered vulgarisms and are replaced
by euphemisms or scientific terminology in "polite" language.
Figure of Speech is a word or phrase used in a non-literal sense for
rhetorical or vivid effect. It can be a special repetition, arrangement or
omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized
meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words. Figures of speech
often provide emphasis, freshness of expression, or clarity. However,
clarity may also suffer from their use, as figures of speech can introduce
an ambiguity between literal and figurative interpretation.
Utter is to
articulate or to express in speech either verbally or with a cry, shout,
or noise. Express sounds but not necessarily words.
Scumbag is a
contemptible or objectionable
person. A lowlife or a very unpleasant person who has done something
dishonest or
unacceptable.
Ignorance can turn toxic.
"Words can be liberating, but words can also be debilitating."
Viewer Discretion is Advised.
"Don't let horrible language distract you or stop you from learning."
Obscenities
is any utterance or act that strongly offends the prevalent morality of
the time.
Son of a Bitch is a phrase
and a form of
verbal abuse
when you speak degrading to someone, or, it's something that you say when
you are
reacting to a
struggle or difficult moment that makes you scream out an obscenity.
Name Calling is abusive or insulting language referring to a
person or group, a
verbal abuse.
This phenomenon is studied by a variety of academic disciplines from
anthropology, to child psychology, to politics.
Berate is to censure severely or angrily.
Harsh
criticism or disapproval.
Pejorative
is a word or grammatical form expressing a negative connotation
or a low opinion of someone or something, showing a lack of respect for
someone or something. It is also used as criticism, hostility, disregard
or disrespect.
Innuendo.
Swearwords,
insults, curses, harsh language or
profanity is used in some cases
to express emotion and feelings
about something that people are
passionate about. But swearwords
must be followed by words of deeper
meaning and expression so that it
helps explain your passion in better
detail, other wise swearwords are
just empty words of a incomplete
sentence. You end up mostly
communicating
emotion and not enough
meaning. So learn to Elaborate.
Derogatory
words,
ethnic slurs and
fighting words are never
effective ways to
communicate. It's
like trying to put out a fire with
gasoline, it's just illogical. Don't
make things worse or miss out on a
chance to make things better. Think
before you speak. If you don't have
the right words then sometimes it's
best to wait till you do find the
right words.
There's a thin line between ignorance and asshole.
Calling someone an asshole is not the same thing as calling someone
ignorant, and it's not the same
thing as telling someone that they're wrong. You still have to explain the
reasons why something is bad. And if someone is lying, then solving that
particular problem will be extremely difficult. Human communication is our
greatest gift and our greatest strength, but communication is also our
greatest weakness when information is manipulated or ineffective due to
the lack of knowledge. And again, the same problem has come full circle,
which is the dysfunctional and fragmented education systems. People are
developing machines that can think for themselves, so what about humans?
Don't people deserve to know how to think for themselves?
Communicating Skills -
Taking Back what you Said
(edit)
How to Stop Swearing
(wiki-how)
Trash-talk is a form of insult
usually found in sports events and insulting people. It is often used to
intimidate the opposition, but can also be used in a humorous spirit.
Trash-talk is often characterized by use of hyperbole or figurative
language.
Defective Verb (PDF) -
Modality (PDF) -
Modal Verbs
(PDF) -
Regular Verbs
The human
tongue is a beast that few can
master. It strains constantly to
break out of its cage, and if it is
not tamed, it will run wild and
cause you grief.”
"Just
because you put some words together doesn't mean that you said something."
Communicate.
Effects of Swearing, Speak Loudly
Softly
Harsh
language, demeaning words,
humiliation,
condescending words or just
plain mean talk, is just stupid. if
you can't communicate what you are
trying to say, then wait till you
learn. There are always better words
to use. But why does our
relationship with a particular
person effect our emotions, and why
am I allowing my
emotions to chose
my vocabulary? I don't get this. I
always fall into that same stupid
trap, a trap I created. I have to
discover a way to let my brain do
the talking without my emotions
choosing my words. I love my
emotions, but I also like to
communicate effectively, and not
just to other people, but to myself
as well. Our language has incredible
power, it's time we use it the right
way. But don't get me wrong, we need
our emotions, communicating
emotionally is sometimes effective
in certain situations, but it must
be proven that the emotions were
necessary at that time.
Mince
is to make less
severe or harsh. To be
straightforward, plain-spoken, or
blunt. To speak
vaguely or
indirectly. Often used
in the negative to convey that one speaks bluntly or tactlessly, without
regard for someone else's feelings. To restrain oneself in a conversation
by withholding some comments or using
euphemisms.
Expletive is a profane or
obscene expression usually of
surprise or anger. Serving to fill
up, merely for effect, otherwise
redundant.
Euphemism is an inoffensive
or indirect expression that is
substituted for one that is
considered offensive or too harsh.
Innuendo.
Diatribe
is a forceful and bitter verbal attack
against someone or something.
Slander.
Vitriolic is a harsh or corrosive in tone.
Satire.
Vitriol is
abusive or venomous language
used to express
blame or
censure or bitter deep-seated ill will.
Derogatory is showing a critical or
disrespectful attitude.
Expressive of low opinion.
Bias.
Anathema
is something or someone that is detested or shunned.
Assail is to
attack in speech or writing. Attack someone physically or emotionally.
Omit Needless Words and Empty
Phrases
Pleonasm is using extra words
that are not needed in sentences.
Using more words than necessary
"The danger with insults is that it
could ruin your chances of having a
good and
Productive Conversation,
so it can work against you."
"A closed
mouth gathers no foot"
"Man
does not live by words alone, despite the fact that sometimes he has to
eat them." -
Adlai
Stevenson Speech in Denver, Colorado (5 September 1952).
Mimicking When people ask me "
why
do you write such terrible things?" I answer, I'm just mimicking
certain people that I see on TV. These people lie and say terrible things
all the time to a very larger audience. But I know its childish to rank on
other other people, but want can I do, they started it first, and they're
not even trying stop.
Mimicking bad
behaviors that other people express in order to make people see
themselves for who they truly are, does not always work.
Righteous
Indignation is typically a reactive emotion of
anger over mistreatment, insult, or
malice.
When I see horrible people doing
horrible things I sometimes
use
horrible words to describe them,
there is nothing unique about that.
I like to use words that are a
symbolic example of a particular
dialect used by a particular culture
during a particular time in history.
But still, most words are only
personal and not totally
representative of the entire
culture. They usually represent a
lower percentage of a particular
culture. It doesn't express the
current mind set. If you wanted to
know what a civilization was
thinking as a whole, you would see
something different, varying degrees
of knowledge and awareness cause
different opinions about reality.
"Yes I do get
frustrated and angry at the
injustices in this world, so I do
say hurtful and mean things, but
that is not all I say. Besides that,
almost every improvement in this
world began with someone standing up
and getting angry, so the freedoms
that you enjoy are the result of
people getting angry. Changes did
not come from silent people who were
to afraid to or to ignorant to speak
their mind, they came from people
just like me. So if I happen to use
some of the bad words used by my
culture, then so be it."
"
I never said I
was a good writer, but I am a good
fighter. But I'm not looking for the
knockout punch, I'm just looking to
stay in the ring long enough to get
some punches in and wear down those
f*cking criminals, and eventually
win by unanimous decision."
"If there is a
better way to call you an a**hole,
please let me know, I'm all ears."
The 100 Greatest Movie Insults of
All Time (youtube)
Deaf People Teach
Us Bad Words (youtube)
I take my expressions of anger and
frustration and put them into words,
words that express anger and
frustration, that's it, don't go any
farther then that. When I write
words that express my feelings of
anger and frustration, they are just
words. To explain my anger and
frustration I must write more about
what I'm trying to communicate,
which I do. So please don't get hung
up on words that you feel offended
by, just keep reading. If you stop
to judge something before you finish
hearing all the
testimony, then you will never
be able to understand the message
accurately enough. If a spoon is
dirty, you wipe the dirt off the
spoon, you don't throw the spoon
away. You keep the spoon. The spoon
is still good, just wipe the dirt
off. I don't mind if you ignore the
dirt or hate the dirt, as long as
you understand the message. Focus on
the on the words that reveal
important information, and don't let
the words that express emotion
distract you from understanding the
message.
Just because
I use certain harsh language,
this does not mean that I approve of
the words that I have chosen. I use
words that are used by my culture,
words used by millions of people in
my generation, that is where I have
learned them. I know how inadequate and rude profanity is, and
that these are not all the words in
my vocabulary. But when describing
emotion, you use words that you are
familiar with. I'm not saying that I
agree with those words. But we must
avoid quickly judging certain words.
We should only listen to the
message, and not be distracted by
certain words used in the message.
This is what
reading comprehension
is all about, which is to accurately
understand the true meaning of a
particular message. Interpret
without judgment, translate the
message cleanly before adding your
own opinion to it. Then after you
have successfully done that, then
you can talk about your personal
experience that you had with that
particular message. And now we can
have a real conversation.
I get angry
when I learn the truth about
injustices and ignorant criminal
behavior, just like a lot of people
do. But I don't recommend for anyone
to use
anger, there are much more
effective ways to
communicate, and
they are also a lot healthier.
Even though I'm embarrassed writing profanity, I really don't mind
writing it because it's good to get those things off your chest. Plus,
when I do write down my profanity ridden rants, in a way it releases those
ugly words from my
frustration so they don't build up inside me. So after I write ugly
words down I no longer feel connected to those words, they become only
some words that were connected to an anger from which they came. So when I
do see you in person, I will not embarrass myself like that again and use
such ignorant words. But if I accidently do say "f*ck you!", don't take it
personally, just call it a
Freudian Slip.
If you are the receiver of profanity, You're
going to have to get over it. They are empty words that don't carry any
useful information, so let it go. Focus on the core message and pay no
mind to the extra words used around it. Look at the message the same way
as you do an
exclamation point, or
bold letters, or
Upper
case letters, it's meant to emphasize and express
emotion, it's not meant to
distract you from the message, so focus, because I'm going to test you
soon. In the mean time, If you ever have some useful information to share,
please let me know, I'm all ears.
When I finally stopped being hurt
or distracted by peoples harsh words,
I was finally free. At that moment I
experience a freedom that was so
liberating, it was like I have just
begun to live for the very first
time. It was spiritual, it was
enlightening, and it was
exhilarating all at once. Till this
day I am still thankful for that
moment of understanding, it has been
a Godsend.
Just because someone doesn't fully
understand you, this does not mean
that they will never understand you.
Don't blame people for not
understanding you, learn from them.
There are always different ways of
explaining something, and the more
ways you know how to explain things,
the more successful you will be at
being understood correctly.
A real
conversation, sharing your thoughts
because you cannot always say what
you're thinking, especially when
talking to people face to face. So
documenting your personal thoughts
is a unique way of writing. Helps
you capture some of your ignorance,
as well as, it helps you capture
some of the words of an earlier
time, and not necessarily the person
you are today. say what your
thinking even if it's wrong or
insensitive, you can that they are
only words, not totally all my
words, mostly the words of my
culture, a culture that is evolving.
I don't want to make people feel
bad, just aware of the something
that is bad and not good. The
cause's and effect's of our personal
life and our business life, which is
our responsibility towards each
other, and our responsibility to our
local surroundings and our global surroundings.
The Risks you take when Writing
One of the most difficult things when writing is knowing that people
will sometimes
interpret the words that you have written in the wrong way,
especially words that describe
opinions or communicate complex ideas
or include
profanity. So
writing is a risk. You can wait for the right time and
wait for the right place to write something, but the right time and the
right place may never come, so not writing now
might be an even bigger
risk
to take. So sometimes you are
forced to write something now, because you can't write something when
you're dead.
My intention is not to hurt anyone.
My intention is to have a
conversation. But if within that conversation I insult you or hurt you
or anger you, then I will apologize and say I'm sorry. My intention is not
to hurt anyone. My intention is to have a conversation. If you don't want
to talk to me, that's fine. But you still have to understand written words
and understand language, because how else would you be able to accurately
understand your self and the world around you. Humans have
many senses, and humans
have to interpret all kinds information from many different sources,
including information
within
ourselves. So it's critical that you interpret information
effectively, whether that information is being transmitted externally or
internally.
Profanity is one of the subjects that is discussed and
written about on this website, so there are several examples of profanity
being used in the BK101 website as a way to show improper uses of certain
words, and also, as a way to show how to use more proper words that are
available in the English language. The goal is to always
facilitate communication by
focusing on the most valuable words. and not to get distracted by
emotional words that are mostly describing feelings and not providing
valuable information in the message.
When writing,
I'm not talking to anyone personally, I'm talking in general, and no
one specifically is being
criticized. If a
behavior has been documented, then I can
criticize that
particular
behavior, but I can't criticize the person, that's because I don't
personally know that person. People can be good and bad in different ways.
So unless someone measured all the bad things they did, and then compared
it to all the good things they did, they might be able to measure the
value of their life. And if that person is a burden on life, then maybe
the criticism was justified in
identifying
a problem, a problem that does more harm than good.
Pardon My French
is a common English language phrase ostensibly disguising profanity as
words from the French language. The phrase is uttered in an attempt to
excuse the user of
profanity, swearing, or curses in the presence of those
offended by it, under the pretense of the words being part of a foreign
language.
You're going to own those
words! First, you cannot own words, you can
only use words. Language is a shared resource,
a tool that everyone
should have access too. To say "In
my own words" is a lie. You don't have words of your own unless you
created your own language. All you are doing is using words that the human
language has created. So all you can do is either use words to transmit
some new information, or use words to repeat some old information, or to
use words to say something that everyone has no idea what you're saying.
To say that you have said something that has never been said before is
extremely difficult to prove.
"If an inadequate education is the
source of all our problems, then that means that an effective education is
also the cure for all our problems."
Links between Swearing and Honesty, Frankly, do we give a damn…?
"
I can be
such a jerk sometimes. It's not that
I'm being insensitive on purpose,
it's that I'm not always aware of
how my words and actions are being
perceived. I apologize when I'm
aware of my
insensitivity,
so please let me know when I'm not
aware of my insensitivity, so that I
may offer you my
apologies and also improve my
demeanor and negative
attitude."
I was rude and blunt when
criticizing you, but the word rude is
relative and
subjective. I could say
something in a nicer way or in a less aggressive way, but sometimes when
saying something in a nice way or in a calm way, it may cause the person
not to listen because the
tone of the voice
does not seem urgent or important. On the other hand, saying something
loud and rudely will get someone's attention, but that could backfire
because the person could
interpret
the rude questions or rude observations as hurtful or
disrespectful, and then
the person will not even listen to the
meaning of the message. And the meaning of the message was, I am
concerned about your behavior and your actions, and I would like to make
sure that you are alright. I have to
ask
the hard questions, so it may seem like I'm hard on you, but that's
not my intention. So dammed
if you do and dammed if you don't. Say it nice or say it with emotion,
either way, there is always a
risk of
miscommunication. And if the person can't have a
real conversation with you,
then that's another problem.
Swearing as a Response to Pain -
Swearing as a Response to
Pain—Effect of Daily Swearing
Frequency.
Coprolalia is
involuntary swearing or the involuntary utterance of obscene words or
socially inappropriate and derogatory remarks. Coprolalia is an occasional
characteristic of tic disorders, in particular
Tourette syndrome,
although it is not required for a diagnosis of Tourette's and only about
10% of Tourette's patients exhibit coprolalia. It is not unique to tic
disorders; it is also a rare symptom of other neurological disorders.
Coprolalia is one type of coprophenomenon. Other coprophenomena include
the related symptoms of copropraxia, involuntary actions such as
performing obscene or forbidden gestures, and coprographia, making obscene
writings or drawings.
If someone who had
Coprolalia never heard obscene words or socially
inappropriate and derogatory remarks, what would they say? What
if they heard nothing but kind words, wouldn't they be screaming
out nice things? You're Beautiful!!
Tourette Syndrome characterized by multiple
motor tics and at least one vocal (phonic) tic.
Most often associated with coprolalia (the utterance
of obscene words or socially inappropriate and
derogatory remarks), but this symptom is present in
only a small minority of people with Tourette's.
People who curse a lot have better vocabularies than those who
don't, study finds, I guess you have to ask, if your
vocabulary is so large, why can't you find better words to communicate with?
Go f*ck yourself means that you should
do to
yourself what you do to others and
see if you like it. Do unto others
as you would have them do unto you,
don't do to others that you would
not like done to you.
Karma.
Have a Nice day As*hole means
that I
wish you well, but I would
appreciate it if you would stop
being ignorant, selfish and immoral.
Instead you should be intelligent, compassionate
and be human.
That's Just F**kingly Great: If
"F**king" Is an Adjective, What Is
the Adverb? What and how does
"f**king" communicate?
Winnebago Man (youtube) -
Winnebago Man is
a 2009 American documentary film directed by Ben Steinbauer. The film
follows the Internet phenomenon created by a series of twenty-year-old
outtakes from a Winnebago sales video featuring profane outbursts from the
salesperson, Jack Rebney. Originally intended as an inside joke, the video
spread across the globe first on VHS then via YouTube and other online
video sites, earning the salesman the title of "The Angriest Man in the
World". The documentary explores the story of the clips' origins and how,
two decades later, it affects the reluctant star. Steinbauer released a
short film Extraordinarily Unusual: Surprising the Winnebago Man in 2017,
documenting his return to visit Rebney on his 87th birthday, bringing some
of Rebney's old friends to celebrate.
Speaking
Publicly and Publicly Writing your
Personal Thoughts can be Dangerous.
But I grew up doing dangerous
things. So I learned that danger is
not the only reason why you do
something or not do something. There
are many reasons not to do something
that are beyond the fact that
something is dangerous. That is why
we have risk assessments. We can
also base our success rate on
previous experiences. Because things
are not as dangerous when you have
experience it before, and understand
your abilities and limits. But that
is not all, publicly sharing your
personal thoughts is dangerous
because of the chance of being
misunderstood by others. But on the
other hand, there is also a risk of
not sharing your personal thoughts.
Dammed if you do, and dammed if you
don't.
Risk
Assessment is very
difficult when it comes to
determining peoples reactions. Try
to share more then just your
personal thoughts, and understand,
that it's risky if you do and risky
if you don't. Speaking your mind has
risks. Know when to speak, know what
to speak, know how to speak, and
know why you speak.
"When people
speak publicly, or write publicly,
there will always be some
criticism, but criticism is not
always bad, sometimes criticism
makes you more aware of how people
are understanding you, so criticism
could actually benefit you and make
you a better communicator."
"Name
calling or angry tones are a waste
of energy and time. When you learn
to talk and
communicate more
effectively and
Calmly you will learn very
quickly that you will have much
better results with people and
situations when you refrain from
anger and name calling. And you will
also learn that there is very little
need for drama and name calling when
communicating."
You don't
want to keep that shit in your head,
writing it down releases it and
makes it easier to
delete it from your mind.
Seven Dirty Words are English-language curse words that American comedian
George Carlin first listed in his 1972 "Seven Words You Can Never Say
on Television" monologue. The words, in the order Carlin listed them, are
"shit", "piss", "fuck", "cunt", "cocksucker", "motherfucker", and "tits".
During a performance in 1966, comedian
Lenny
Bruce said he had been arrested for saying nine words: "ass", "balls",
"cocksucker", "cunt", "fuck", "motherfucker", "piss", "shit", and "tits".
In 1972, comedian George Carlin released his fourth stand-up album Class
Clown. One track on the album, "Seven Words You Can Never Say on
Television", was a monologue in which he identified these words and
expressed amazement that they could not be used regardless of context.
In a 2004 NPR interview, George Carlin said: "These words have no power.
We give them this power by refusing to be free and easy with them. We give
them great power over us. They really, in themselves, have no power. It's
the thrust of the sentence that makes them either good or bad."
Obscenity Law deals with the regulation or
suppression of what is considered
obscenity. In the United States, discussion of
obscenity typically relates to pornography, as well as issues of freedom
of speech and of the press, otherwise protected by the
First Amendment to the
Constitution of the United
States. Issues of obscenity arise at federal and state levels. The States
have a direct interest in public morality and have responsibility in
relation to criminal law matters, including the punishment for the
production and sale of obscene materials. State laws operate only within
the jurisdiction of each state, and there are a wide differences in such
laws. The federal government is involved in the issue indirectly, by
making it an offense to distribute
obscene materials through the post, to
broadcast them, as well as in relation to importation of such materials.
Most obscenity cases in the United States in the past century have
revolved around images and films, but there have also been many cases that
dealt with textual works as well, a notable case being that of the 18th
century novel Fanny Hill. Because censorship laws enacted to combat
obscenity restrict the freedom of expression, crafting a legal definition
of obscenity presents a civil liberties issue.
Explicit language
or vulgar language is not as dangerous as
propaganda, or as dangerous as
a
dumb down education that
doesn't teach students enough about language and information literacy. If
you really want to protect children, you should educate them to the
highest degree possible.
"I've learned over time that you have to have a very high tolerance for
a**holes and ignorant people.
Because if you don't you will end up
acting like an ignorant a**hole
yourself. So I'm going to create a
course that will give people the
necessary skills and techniques that
will give a person the tolerance and
the appropriate responses to other
peoples moronic behavior. I'm going
to call the course "High Tolerance
for Assholes 101". Believe it or not
I have over 10,000 people signed up
for the course already, mostly from
people who are planning to work in
government, banks, corporations and
in the media." So the
lesson here is to rewrite this
paragraph so that there is no vulgar
language and no
sterotyping, and then name the
10 things that you would teach in this course?
Colloquial is characteristic of informal
spoken language or conversation.
Informal
is something not officially recognized or controlled.
knave is an older word for a rascal, a scoundrel, or a rogue. It isn't
a compliment. If you read
Shakespeare for long, you'll definitely see the word knave more than once.
Shit is the most versatile word in the
English language. You can get shit-faced, Be shit-out-of-luck, Or
have shit for brains. With a little effort, you can get your shit
together, find a place for your shit, or be asked to shit or get off the
pot. You can smoke shit, buy shit, sell shit, lose shit, find shit, forget
shit, and tell others to eat shit. Some people know their shit, while
others can't tell the difference between shit and shineola. There are
lucky shits, dumb shits, and crazy shits. There is bull shit, horse shit,
and chicken shit. You can throw shit, sling shit, catch shit, shoot the
shit, or duck when the shit hits the fan. You can give a shit or serve
shit on a shingle. You can find yourself in deep shit or be happier than a
pig in shit. Some days are colder than shit, some days are hotter than
shit, and some days are just plain shitty. Some music sounds like shit,
things can look like shit, and there are times when you feel like shit.
You can have too much shit, not enough shit, the right shit, the wrong
shit or a lot of weird shit. You can carry shit, have a mountain of shit,
or find yourself up shit creek without a paddle. Sometimes everything you
touch turns to shit and other times you fall in a bucket of shit and come
out smelling like a rose. When you stop to consider all the facts, it's
the basic building block of the English language. And remember, once you
know your shit, you don't need to know anything else!! You could pass this
along, if you give a shit; or not do so if you don't give a shit! Well,
Shit, it's time for me to go. Just wanted you to know that I do give a
shit and hope you had a nice day, without a bunch of shit. But, if you
happened to catch a load of shit from some shit-head.... Well,
Shit Happens!
Funny and sarcastic sayings from different
ideologies and religions using the word shit.
Confucianism:
Confucius say, "
Shit happens."
Taoism: Shit happens but the shit that
happens is not the true shit.
Buddhism: If shit happens, it isn't
really shit, it is only an illusion of shit happening.
Zen Buddhism:
Shit is, and is not. What is the sound of shit happening?
TV-Evangelism: Send money or shit will happen to you. You need our shit,
but it will cost you.
Protestantism: Shit won't happen if you work
harder. Let shit happen to someone else.
Presbyterian: This shit was
bound to happen.
Islam: If shit happens, it is the will of Allah.
Catholicism: If shit happens, you deserve it.
Baptist Fundamentalism:
Shit happens because the Bible says so.
Judaism: Why does this shit
always happen to us?
Hinduism: This shit has happened before.
Amish:
Shit dost occur.
Apathism: I don't give a shit.
Narcissim: My shit
don't stink. I am the shit that happens.
Nihilism: Everything is shit.
No shit.
Atheism: There is no such thing as shit or I can't believe
this shit. What shit?
Cartesianism: I shit, therefore I am.
Solipism:
All this shit is a creation of my imagination.
Creationism: God made
all shit.
Creation Science: We have proof that God created all the shit
that happens.
Secular Humanism: Shit evolves.
Darwinism: We came up
from shit. This shit was once food.
Agnostic: Shit might have happened;
then again, maybe not. Did someone shit? Agnosticism: What is this shit?
Ba'hat: All shit is truly shit.
Episcopalian: It's not so bad if shit
happens, as long as you serve the right wine with it.
Methodist: It's
not so bad if shit happens, as long as you serve grape juice with it.
Altruism: Want some shit?
Momism: You'll eat this shit and like it!
Capitalism: That's my shit. How much will this shit cost?
Commercialism: Let's package this shit.
Classical Marxism: The workers
take all the shit, but they're gonna dish it back out again.
Contract
Theory: If we don't agree to form society, everything will go to shit.
Communism: It's everybody's shit.
Mccarthyism: Are you now, or have
you ever been, shit?
Scientology: If shit happens, see "Dianetics",
p.157.
Christian Science: When shit happens, don't call a doctor -
pray! Shit happening is all in your mind.
Mormonism: God sent us this
shit. This shit is going to happen again. Your shit is shit, but our shit
is the one true shit.
Mennonite: None of this modern shit now.
Moonies: Only really happy shit happens.
Hare Krishna: Shit happens,
rama rama.
Murphism: Shit always happens at the worst possible time and
place.
Solipsism: The only thing I can be sure of is that my shit
happens.
Practical: Deal with shit one day at a time.
Congregationalist: Shit that happens to one person is just as good as shit
that happens to another.
Unitarian: Shit that happens to one person is
just as bad as shit that happens to another.
Lutheran: If shit happens,
don't talk about it.
Fundamentalism: If shit happens, you will go to
hell, unless you are born again. (Amen!)
Seventh Day Adventism: No shit
shall happen on Saturday.
Calvinism: Shit happens because you don't
work.
Unitarianism: Come let us reason together about this shit.
Quakers: Let us not fight over this shit.
Utopianism: This shit does
not stink.
Feminism: Men are shit.
Chauvinism: We may be shit, but
you can't live without us.
Impressionism: From a distance, shit looks
like a garden.
Idolism: Let's bronze this shit.
Existentialism: Shit
doesn't happen; shit is. What is shit, anyway?
Stoicism: This shit is
good for me.
Hedonism: There is nothing like a good shit happening!
Wiccan: An it harm none, let shit happen.
Jehovah's Witnesses: >Knock<
>Knock< Shit happens. May we have a moment of your time to show you some
of our shit? Shit has been prophesied and is imminent; only the righteous
shall survive its happening.
Rastafarianism: Let's smoke this shit.
Zoroastrianism: Shit happens half on the time.
Jack Schitt married Noe Schitt,
and produced 6 children: Holie Schitt, Fulla Schitt, Giva Schitt, Bull
Schitt, and the twins: Deep Schitt and Dip Schitt.
Synonyms - Related Words that describe Bad Behavior
Synonyms: affectless, callous, case-hardened,
cold-blooded, compassionless, desensitized, hard-boiled, hard-hearted,
heartless, indurate, inhuman,
inhumane, insensate, hard, ironhearted,
merciless, obdurate, pachydermatous, pitiless, remorseless,
ruthless,
slash-and-burn, soulless, stony (also stoney), stonyhearted,
take-no-prisoners, thick-skinned, uncharitable, unfeeling, unmerciful,
unsparing, unsympathetic.
Related Words:
Words
used to describe most of our
politicians and some of
the
corporations, as well as some of the scumbags in
power, as well as all the
as*holes in the world who feel the need to express
their ignorance. Boorish, heedless,
inconsiderate, thoughtless,
uncaring, unfriendly, unloving, unthinking; grim,
hard-bitten, harsh, heavy-handed, ironfisted,
ironhanded, jackbooted, knock-down, drag-out (or
knock-down-and-drag-out),
oppressive, rough,
rough-and-tumble, severe, sledgehammer, stern,
tough, ungentle;
abusive, acrimonious, disagreeable,
hateful, ill-natured, ill-tempered, malevolent,
malicious, mean, rancorous, spiteful, surly,
virulent; barbarous, bestial, brutal, brutish,
cruel, evil-minded, savage, vicious; austere, cold,
frosty.
Bad -
Evil (morality)
This is why the word 'Asshole' is so effective,
because it pretty much replaces all the words above.
But it's not a
Root Word.
Nice Words - What all Good People should be
Antonyms:
charitable,
compassionate, humane, kindhearted,
kindly, merciful, sensitive, softhearted,
sympathetic, tender, tenderhearted, warm, warmhearted.
Near Antonyms:
benevolent, benignant, gentle, kind; clement,
indulgent, lenient, mild; cordial,
friendly,
good-natured, good-tempered, gracious;
tolerant,
understanding; affectionate, fond,
loving.
Morally Educated (morals)
The Bottom Line is. I don't want to encourage
cynicism, I just want people to be aware and to
understand that things need to be taken seriously. I
don't want
people to hate people for their
ignorance, I just want people to do what they
can to stop injustices and corruption, without
making things worse, and without lowering yourself
to that level of
insanity and total
disregard for life.
And on top of that, who you are in person
is different than what you write. So don't ever
believe that you know someone just because you have
read some of the words that they have written.
That's like when people believe that actors and
authors are just like the characters that they
portray. These types of assumptions are illogical
and stupid. It's just a lot easier to inquire and
ask questions then to believe that you know the answers, like with
prejudice
and
bias.
Just because someone uses bad words does not
make them a bad person, and just because someone
uses ignorant words this does not mean that they're
ignorant. You can use logical deduction and say bad
people use bad words and ignorant people use
ignorant words, but with so many
variables, there can be no accurate method of
deductive
reasoning, not until you answer the questions of
How Much? When? Why and Where? How much of this
language is used? When is this language used? Why is
this language used? And where is this language used?
I wish I had a nickel for every time I said "
WTF is going on here?". Do
Acronyms make it cool to swear again?
Acronym is a word
formed from the initial letters of the several words in the name.
To call someone stupid, is stupid. Whether you are
calling someone a
moron, an idiot, an
ignoramus, or any other harsh insulting words,
but never the "R" word, because you clearly insult
everyone, including yourself. The important thing is
that people should not be insulted when called
stupid, or any other harsh word, even if you're
calling yourself stupid. It is merely a question of,
"why is this thinking flawed and incorrect?" Was it
a simple mistake that you made? Or an indicator that
the process used in your decision making needs to be
improved so that you can achieve higher quality
results from your decisions? And that is only one
way to correctly handle insults. Don't be distracted
by the harshness of a word or words, just simply
answer the question "why is this thinking flawed and
incorrect?" Or simply ask "what is stupid?" or just
answer with one word, "why". And the more questions
that you answer that improve your thinking, the more
intelligent you will become. You will still make
mistakes, but now you will solve them a lot faster,
and you will also make fewer mistakes.
There's nothing wrong with
calling yourself stupid as long as you don't
take it personally.
You have to be able to laugh at yourself.
It's the people who are
not offended or distracted by profanity are the
people I admire most. Don't get distracted by minor
irrelevant details, the most important thing is did
you understand the message? Once people fully
understand how important the transfer of information
is, we will communicate more effectively and
efficiently, and at a much higher level of understanding.
"I look at some of my writing to be
like
A Warning Label for
Life, there's a lot of dangers in life, but
there's also a lot of joy. Avoiding the dangers
takes a lot of work, and this responsibility should
never be taken lightly. Learn to maximize your fun."
There is always risk involved with
communicating to a large audience. You can't
guarantee that everyone will understand your message
the same way. So you have to play the odds. In order
to communicate to one group you may have to sacrifice
communicating to another because of their beliefs.
You have to learn to speak to everyone at the same
time, and use words that have no bias and no
preference, just express the facts and a clear
understanding of those facts. Save the stupid
comments for your standup comedy routine,
where everyone clearly understands that your being an idiot for laughs
and not trying to communicate something important.
Writing History
History of Writing traces the
development of
expressing language by
letters or other marks and also the studies and descriptions of these
developments. In the
history of how
writing systems have evolved in
different human civilizations, more complete
writing systems were preceded
by proto-writing, systems of ideographic or early
mnemonic symbols
(symbols or letters that make remembering them easier). True writing, in
which the content of a linguistic utterance is
encoded so that another
reader can reconstruct, with a fair degree of accuracy, the exact
utterance written down, is a later development. It is distinguished from
proto-writing, which typically avoids encoding grammatical words and
affixes, making it more difficult or even impossible to reconstruct the
exact meaning intended by the writer unless a great deal of context is
already known in advance. One of the earliest forms of written expression
is cuneiform. Writing was long thought to have been invented in a single
civilization, a theory named "monogenesis". Scholars believed that all
writing originated in
ancient Sumer in Mesopotamia and spread over the
world from there via a process of cultural diffusion. According to this
theory, the concept of representing
language by written marks, though not
necessarily the specifics of how such a system worked, was passed on by
traders or merchants traveling between geographical regions.
Language
History -
Printing
History -
Paper History
-
Petroglyphs -
Carving -
Knowledge Preservation
-
Alexandria
-
Inventions
Proto-Writing refers to the early writing systems that emerged in
Eurasia in the early
3rd millennium BCE
that were a development based on earlier traditions of
symbol systems that
cannot be classified as writing proper, but have many characteristics
strikingly similar to writing. Proto-writing consists of visible marks
communicating limited information. Such systems emerged from earlier
traditions of symbol systems in the early Neolithic, as early as the 7th
millennium BC. They used ideographic or early mnemonic symbols or both to
represent a limited number of concepts, in contrast to true writing
systems, which record the
language of the writer. (
10,000 BCE – 2020 CE).
Palaeography is the study of historic writing systems and the
deciphering and dating of historical manuscripts, including the analysis
of historic
handwriting. It is concerned with the forms and processes of
writing; not the textual content of documents. Included in the discipline
is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating manuscripts, and the
cultural
context of writing, including the methods with which writing and
books were produced, and the history of
scriptoria.