Journalism
Journalism is the
work and
distribution of
reports on the interaction of
events, people,
facts and
ideas that are the
news of the day,
which is suppose to help
inform society, but sadly this is
not always the
case. Journalism needs to be a
public
service that is
always
funded and
always protected from
corrupt influences and
greedy corporations.
Media
Literacy -
News Outlets -
Investigations -
Independent Press -
Ethics -
Free Speech -
Awards
Journalism Hero's -
Films about Journalism -
Citizen Journalism -
Editing Help -
Journalism Education
Freedom of the Press is the
Freedom of Communication
and expression through mediums including various electronic media and
published materials. While such freedom mostly implies the absence of
interference from an overreaching state, its preservation may be sought
through
constitutional or other legal protections.
Human Rights -
Freedom of Information -
Free Speech Zone -
Education Rights
World Press Freedom Day. The United Nations General Assembly declared
May 3 to be World Press Freedom Day or just World Press Day to raise
awareness of the importance of freedom of the press and remind governments
of their duty to respect and uphold the right to freedom of expression
enshrined under Article 19 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human
Rights and marking the anniversary of the Windhoek Declaration, a
statement of free press principles put together by African newspaper
journalists in Windhoek in 1991.
Journalism Mentorship.
"Journalism is the protection between people and any sort of
totalitarian rule. That's why my hero, admittedly a flawed one, is
a journalist." ~
Andrew Vachss
"Journalism can never be
silent, that is its greatest virtue and its greatest
fault. It must speak, and
speak immediately, while the echoes
of wonder, and the claims of triumph, and the signs of horror are still in the air."
Social Criticism is a form of
academic or journalistic
criticism
focusing on
social issues in
contemporary society, in respect to
perceived
injustices and
power relations in general.
"
Never believe anything
until it's been officially denied. Those who's job it is to keep the
records straight should be the voice of the people, not the voice of the
people in power."
Keep the Records Straight
is to write or say something in order to make the true facts known. To
provide the facts about something
that people have a false understanding of. To keep a
written account or
photographs of it so that it can be referred to later.
Op-Ed.
There is no more important struggle for
American democracy than ensuring a diverse,
independent and free media. Free Press is
at the heart of that struggle.
Bill
Moyers (wiki)
"Our
liberty depends on the freedom of
the press, and that cannot be limited without being lost." ~
Thomas Jefferson (wiki)
"Only a free and unrestrained press can
effectively expose deception in government. And paramount among the
responsibilities of a free press is the duty to prevent any part of the
government from
deceiving the people and
sending them off to distant lands to die of foreign fevers and foreign
shot and shell." —
Hugo
Black (wiki)
Over 200 Journalists were Arrested or Detained in the last 2 years in America since 2019.
Press Freedom Index is an assessment of a countries
press freedom
records in the previous year. It intends to reflect the degree of freedom
that journalists, news organizations, and netizens have in each country,
and the efforts made by authorities to respect this
freedom. Reporters
Without Borders is careful to note that the index only deals with press
freedom and does not measure the quality of journalism nor does it look at
human rights violations in general.
Democracy Index
International Federation of
Journalists is a global union federation of journalists' trade
unions—the largest in the world. It represents more than 600,000 media
workers from 187 organizations in 146 countries.
Global Charter of Ethics for Journalists was adopted at the 30th IFJ
World Congress in Tunis on 12 June 2019 and will form the core of
strengthening ethical standards for journalists worldwide.
Journalist -
Investigator -
Reporter -
Source
Journalism Culture is described as a
shared occupational ideology
among news-workers. The term journalism culture spans the cultural
diversity of journalistic values, practices and media products or similar
media artifacts. Research into the concept of journalism culture sometimes
suggests an all-encompassing consensus among journalists toward a common
understanding and cultural identity of journalism.
Science Journalism is
conveying and reporting about
science to the public.
Explaining Risk.
Naturalistic Observation is when a subject is
observed in its natural habitat
without any manipulation by
the observer. During naturalistic observation, researchers take great
care to avoid interfering with the behavior they are observing by using
unobtrusive methods. Naturalistic observation involves two main
differences that set it apart from other forms of data gathering. In the
context of a naturalistic observation, the environment is in no way being
manipulated by the observer nor was it created by the observer.
Naturalistic observation, as a research tool, comes with both advantages
and disadvantages that impact its application. By merely observing at a
given instance without any manipulation in its natural context, it makes
the behaviors exhibited more credible because they are occurring in a
real, typical scenario as opposed to an artificial one generated within a
lab. Naturalistic observation also allows for study of events that are
deemed unethical to study via experimental models, such as the impact of
high school shootings on students attending the high school. Naturalistic
observation is used in many techniques, from watching an animal's eating
patterns in the forest to observing the behavior of students in a school
setting.
Environmental Journalism is the
collection, verification, production, distribution and exhibition of
information regarding current events, trends, issues and people that are
associated with the non-human world with which humans necessarily
interact.
Environmental
Journalists Killed.
Backpack Journalist
is an emerging form of journalism that requires a journalist to be a
reporter,
photographer, and
videographer, as well as an
editor and
producer of stories.
Immersion Journalism is a style of journalism similar to
gonzo journalism. In the style, journalists
immerse themselves in a situation and with the people involved. The final
product tends to focus on the experience, not the writer.
People Watching -
Cultural Studies -
Photographic Journalism -
Watchdog
Journalism -
Citizen Journalism
Gonzo Journalism is a style of
journalism that is written
without claims of objectivity, often including
the reporter as part of the story via a
first-person narrative.
Narrative Journalism also referred to as literary journalism, is
defined as
creative nonfiction that contains accurate, well-researched
information. It is related to
immersion journalism, where a writer follows
a subject or theme for a long period of time (weeks or months) and details
an individual's experiences from a
deeply
personal perspective.
Literary
Journalism is a form of nonfiction that combines factual reporting
with narrative techniques and stylistic strategies
traditionally
associated with fiction. This form of writing can also be called narrative
journalism or new journalism.
Broadcast News is a
1987 American
romantic comedy-drama film about a virtuoso television news producer who
has daily emotional breakdowns. Jane Craig is a talented but intense news
producer whose life revolves around her work. She is passionate about
reporting, and abhors the trend towards
soft news
in news broadcasts.
Soft Media
comprises organizations that primarily deal with commentary,
entertainment, arts and lifestyle. Soft media can take the form of
television programs, magazines or print articles. The communication from
soft media sources has been referred to as soft news as a way of
distinguishing it from serious journalism, called hard news.
Soft news is defined as information that is
primarily entertaining, with the illusion of providing useful information
as they
pretend to inform
the public.
Yellow Journalism -
Tabloids -
Pink Slime Journalism -
Media Ownership -
Propaganda
Journalist is a person who collects,
writes, or
distributes news or other current information. A journalist's
work is called
journalism. A journalist can work with general issues or
specialize in certain issues. However, most journalists tend to
specialize, and by cooperating with other journalists, produce journals
that span many topics.
Reporter -
Journalist Hero's
Columnist is a journalist contributing regularly to a newspaper or
magazine. A columnist is a person who writes for publication in a series,
creating an article that usually offers
commentary and opinions. Columns appear in newspapers, magazines and
other publications, including
blogs. They take the form of a short essay
by a specific writer who offers a
personal point of view.
Just 3.4 Percent of American Journalists Identify as Republican.
Journalists who said they are Democrats and Independents have increased, a
study finds.
Muckraker was used in the
progressive era to characterize
reform-minded American journalists who wrote largely for all popular
magazines. The modern term is
investigative journalism, and
investigative journalists today are often informally called "muckrakers."
They relied on their own reporting and often worked to
expose social ills
and corporate and
political corruption.
Participant Observation is to gain a close and intimate familiarity
with a given group of individuals (such as a religious, occupational, sub
cultural group, or a particular community) and their practices through an
intensive involvement with people in their cultural environment, usually
over an extended period of time. is one type of data collection method by
practitioner-scholars typically used in qualitative research and
ethnography.
Action Learning.
Journalistic Interventionism reflects the extent to which journalists
pursue a particular
mission and promote certain values. Journalists with a
high interventionist attitude
do not report
neutrally and objectively but are engaged in the subjects they are
reporting about. An interventionist reporting style aims at influencing
public opinion. Moreover, "journalism cultures that follow an
interventionist approach may
act on behalf of the
socially disadvantaged or as mouthpiece of a
political party and other groups whose interest are at stake".
Participatory Action Research is an approach to research in
communities that emphasizes
participation and action.
It seeks to understand the world by trying to
change it, collaboratively and following reflection. PAR emphasizes
collective inquiry and experimentation grounded in experience and social
history. Within a PAR process, "communities of inquiry and action evolve
and address questions and issues that are significant for those who
participate as co-researchers". PAR contrasts with many
research methods, which emphasize
disinterested researchers and reproducibility of findings. PAR
practitioners make a concerted effort to integrate three basic aspects of
their work: participation (life in society and democracy), action
(engagement with experience and history), and research (soundness in
thought and the growth of knowledge). "Action unites, organically, with
research" and collective processes of self-investigation. The way each
component is actually understood and the relative emphasis it receives
varies nonetheless from one PAR theory and practice to another. This means
that PAR is not a monolithic body of ideas and methods but rather a
pluralistic orientation to knowledge making and social change.
Action Research is a philosophy and methodology of research generally
applied in the
social sciences. It
seeks transformative change through the simultaneous process of taking
action and doing research, which are linked together by critical
reflection.
Peace Journalism has been developed from research that indicates that
often news about
conflict
has a value bias toward violence. It also includes practical methods for
correcting this bias by producing journalism in both the mainstream and
alternative media, and working with journalists, media professionals,
audiences, and organizations in
conflict.
Long-Form Journalism is a branch of journalism dedicated to longer
articles with larger amounts of content. Typically this will be between
1,000 and 20,000 words. Long-form articles often take the form of creative
nonfiction or narrative journalism.
Human Interest Story -
Public
Interest
Witness is an international organization that trains and
supports people using video in their fight for
Human Rights.
Global Witness exposes the hidden links
between demand for natural resources,
corruption, armed conflict and
environmental destruction.
Americans deserve
open, honest, accountable government.
Political Journalism is a broad branch of journalism that includes
coverage of all aspects of politics and political science, although the
term usually refers specifically to coverage of civil governments and
political power. Political journalism aims to provide voters with the
information to formulate their own opinion and participate in community,
local or national matters that will affect them. According to Edward
Morrissey in an opinion article from theweek.com, political journalism
frequently includes opinion journalism, as current political events can be
biased in their reporting. The information provided includes facts, its
perspective is subjective and leans towards one viewpoint. Political
journalism is provided through different mediums, in print, broadcast, or
online reporting. The goal of civic journalism, or public journalism, is
to allow the community to remain engaged with journalists and news
outlets, restore democratic values, and rebuild the public's trust in
journalists. The concept of fake news arose due to the fact that it is so
easy to manipulate or twist information these days and create a certain
narrative that might be entirely incorrect. This has led to an overall
decrease in the credibility that people have for journalists and media
sources. Certain media sources or news outlets often come under a lot of
heat for certain stories or narratives they push which are built upon
fallacies. People argue for participatory democracy, but politics now is
largely considered a popularity contest, and consists of politicians
making decisions to ensure their reelection. Proponents of civic
journalism believe that this philosophy will allow individuals to have a
greater say in decision-making and in the broader political sphere.
Almost every president throughout history has had a problem with some
reporter or
some journalist who made them look bad. If a presidents
response to criticism is to verbally attack or degrade a journalist, than
that's proves the president is bad.
Watch Dogs
are guardians or defenders against
theft or
illegal practices or
waste.
United States Agency for
Global Media main
mission is to inform, engage, and connect people around the world in
support of freedom and democracy.
Voice of
America provides trusted and objective news and information in 47
languages to a measured weekly audience of more than 280.9 million people
around the world. For over 75 years, VOA journalists have told American
stories and supplied content that many people cannot get locally:
objective news and information about the US, their specific region and the
world. VOA uses the devices and platforms target markets use to connect
audiences on five continents with the people, thoughts and institutions
that make America unique. President Gerald Ford signed the VOA Charter
(Public Law 94-350) into law in 1976. It protects the independence and
integrity of VOA programming.
New CEO Endangers Reporters, Harms U.S. Aims.
Radio Free
Europe/Radio Liberty is a private, nonprofit, multimedia broadcasting
corporation that serves as a surrogate media source in 27 languages and in
23 countries, including Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, Russia, and Ukraine.
With headquarters in Prague, 17 local bureaus (including Moscow, Kabul,
Kyiv, and Islamabad), and more than 1,000 journalists throughout its
broadcast region, RFE/RL’s proximity to its audiences facilitates the
production of compelling, locally-oriented programming in a cost-effective
manner. Reaching more than 37.6 million people each week, RFE/RL provides
what many people cannot get locally: uncensored local and regional news,
responsible discussion, and open debate via radio, television, and digital
media.
The Office
of Cuba Broadcasting oversees Radio and Television Martí at its
headquarters in Miami, Florida. The Martís are a multimedia hub of news,
information and analysis that provide the people of Cuba with interactive
programs seven days a week through satellite television and shortwave and
AM radio, as well as through flash drives, emails, DVDs, and SMS text.
Combined with the online platform, martinoticias.com, the Martís are a
one-of-a-kind service that brings unbiased, objective information to all
Cubans.
Radio Free
Asia is headquartered in Washington, D.C., with eight bureaus and
offices overseas, RFA is a private, nonprofit, multimedia news
corporation. RFA brings award-winning, domestic journalism and uncensored
content to people in six Asian countries that restrict free speech,
freedom of the press, and access to reliable information beyond their
borders. RFA also provides educational and cultural programming, as well
as forums for audiences to engage in open dialogue and freely express
opinions.
Middle East
Broadcasting Networks is an Arabic-language news organization with a
weekly audience of more than 24.3 million people in 22 countries in the
Middle East and North Africa. Freedom House deemed 21 of these countries
to be “not free” or “partly free” in 2018. MBN networks expand the
spectrum of ideas, opinions and perspectives in the region and engaging
audiences to share perspectives.
Reporters Without Borders is an international non-profit and
non-governmental organization that safeguards the right to
freedom of information. Its
advocacy is founded on the belief that everyone requires access to the
news and information, inspired by Article 19 of the
Universal
Declaration of Human Rights that recognizes the
right to receive and share
information regardless of frontiers, along with other international
rights charters. RSF has consultative status at the United Nations,
UNESCO, the Council of Europe, and the International Organization of the
Francophonie.
Public Interest.
Open
Technology Fund funds internet freedom technologies at every stage of
the development cycle from proof-of-concept, to on-the-ground deployments,
to multi-year efforts. This approach ensures that USAGM journalists and
audiences have the tools they need right now to
safely access the
uncensored internet, while investing in innovative solutions to stay ahead
of evolving censorship threats. In order to provide comprehensive support
to internet freedom projects, OTF provides resources through a variety of
implementation mechanisms.
A Purge at the U.S. Agency for Global
Media has fueled concerns that broadcasters like Radio Free Europe will be
turned into distributors of
propaganda
on behalf of the Trump administration. A sweeping purge of executives at
U.S. government media outlets widened this week. At least six of the top
10 executives at the U.S. Agency for Global Media were removed from their
posts on Wednesday. Critics say the housecleaning
threatens to destroy the
firewall meant to separate government news entities from the White House.
They warn it could turn broadcasters such as the Voice of America and
Radio Free Europe into distributors of propaganda on behalf of the Trump
administration.
Censorship by Defunding.
More than
50 local
newsrooms have closed since the start of the 2020
pandemic in the
United States — many of them the only news source in their community,
according to the
Poynter
Institute.
Occupational Outlook for Reporters, Correspondents, and Broadcast News
Analysts.
US Media Layoffs on track for record high in 2020, nearly 8,000 media
jobs were lost this year.
Freelancers
livelihoods have vanished overnight. Roughly
36,000 workers at news companies in the U.S. have been laid off, been
furloughed or had their pay reduced. Some publications that rely on ads
have shut down.
From 2008 to 2019, overall newsroom employment in the U.S. dropped by 23%,
according to the new analysis. In 2008, there were about
114,000 newsroom employees – reporters, editors, photographers and
videographers – in five industries that produce news: newspaper, radio,
broadcast television, cable and “other information services” (the best
match for digital-native news publishers). By 2019, that number had
declined to about 88,000, a loss of about 27,000 jobs.
Funding.
One Sided Journalism - Media Corruption
Fairness
Doctrine was a policy introduced in 1949 that required broadcasters to
devote some of their airtime to discussing controversial
matters of public interest, and to
air
contrasting
views regarding those matters to ensure that viewers were exposed to a
diversity of viewpoints. The holders
of broadcast licenses both to present controversial issues of
public importance and to do so in a
manner that fairly reflected differing viewpoints. In 1987, the FCC
abolished the fairness doctrine, making
propaganda the new norm.
Fairness & Accuracy In
Reporting monitors American news media for
bias, inaccuracies and
censorship, and advocates for more
diversity of perspectives in the news media.
FAIR describes itself as "the national media
watch group". FAIR
publishes
Extra!, a magazine of media criticism, and also produces the radio
program
CounterSpin, which features interviews with journalists, scholars, and
activists on current media-related news stories.
Journalism Ethics and
standards are
principles of
truthfulness,
accuracy,
objectivity,
impartiality,
fairness, and public
accountability and
good practice as these apply to
the acquisition of
newsworthy information and its subsequent
dissemination
to the public. Journalism ethics include the
principle of "
limitation
of harm". This often involves the withholding of certain details from
reports such as the names of minor children, crime victims' names or
information not materially related to particular news reports release of
which might, for example, harm someone's
reputation. There is also a
concern with
discriminatory references in news based on race, religion, sexual
orientation, and physical or mental disabilities.
Poynter
Institute (wiki).
Journalistic Objectivity
refers to
fairness, disinterestedness,
factuality, and
nonpartisanship.
Objectivity in journalism aims to help the audience
make up their own mind
about a story, providing the facts alone and then letting audiences
interpret those on their own. To
maintain
objectivity in
journalism, journalists should present the
facts whether or not they like
or agree with those
facts.
Objective reporting is meant to portray issues and events in a neutral and
unbiased manner, regardless of the writer's
opinion or
personal beliefs. Truthfulness is a
commitment to
reporting only accurate
and truthful information, without
skewing any facts or details to improve the story or better align an
issue with any
certain agenda.
Neutrality suggests that stories be reported in an
unbiased,
even-handed,
and
impartial manner. Under this notion, journalists are to
side with none
of the parties involved, and simply provide the
relevant facts and
information of all. The third idea, detachment, refers to the emotional
approach of the journalist. Essentially, reporters should not only
approach issues in an
unbiased manner
but also with a dispassionate and emotionless attitude. Through this
strategy, stories can be presented in a rational and calm manner,
letting the audience make up their minds without any
influences from the media.
False Balance or
bothsidesism,
is a media
bias in which journalists present an issue as being more
balanced between opposing viewpoints than the evidence supports.
Journalists may
present evidence and arguments out of proportion to the
actual evidence for each side, or may
omit information that would
establish one side's
claims as baseless. False balance has been cited as a
cause of misinformation. False balance is a bias which usually stems from
an attempt to avoid bias and gives
unsupported or dubious positions an
illusion of respectability.
Press Act was introduced in the Senate on 06/21/2023. This bill
prohibits the federal government from compelling journalists and providers
of telecommunications services (e.g., phone and internet companies) to
disclose certain protected information, except in limited circumstances
such as to prevent terrorism or imminent violence.
Sources.
Pink-Slime Journalism is a practice in which American news outlets, or
fake partisan operations masquerading as
such, publish poor-quality news reports which appear to be local news.
Researchers and media credibility raters have observed pink-slime
journalism being used to support Republican Party and Democratic Party
politicians or policies. The use of these websites to gather user data has
also been observed. The reports are either computer-generated or written
by poorly-paid outsourced writers, sometimes using
pen names. One network
consisting of at least 1,200 local news websites was created by American
conservative news
businessman Brian Timpone.
Astroturfing -
Soft News -
Yellow Journalism -
Tabloids -
Media Ownership -
Propaganda -
Cherry Picking -
Flawed ReasoningIf both sides of a story are based on
cherry picked information, then you have still have lies masquerading as
truth. It's not even a
half truth, it's a tiny bit of known facts mixed
in with
mostly bullshit and lies.
False Equivalency
is an informal fallacy in which an equivalence is drawn between two
subjects based on flawed or
false reasoning.
False Compromise is the
fallacy that the truth is always in the middle of
two opposites. It does not necessarily suggest that an argument for the
middle solution or for a compromise is always fallacious, but rather
applies primarily in cases where such a position is ill-informed,
unfeasible, or impossible, or where an argument is incorrectly made that a
position is correct simply because it is in the middle. Argument to
moderation is also known as argument from middle ground, fallacy of gray,
middle ground fallacy, or golden mean fallacy.
Manufactured
Controversy
is a contrived disagreement, typically motivated by profit or ideology,
designed to create public confusion concerning an issue about which there
is no substantial academic dispute. This concept has also been referred to
as manufactured uncertainty.
Merchants of
Doubt is a
propaganda technique that keeps a controversy alive by
spreading doubt and confusion after a scientific consensus had been
reached was the basic strategy of those opposing action. This is how OJ
got away with murder.
Yellow Journalism
(Sensationalizing the News)
Tobacco
Industry Playbook describes a
strategy devised by the tobacco industry in the 1950s to protect revenues
in the face of mounting evidence of links between tobacco smoke and
serious illnesses, primarily cancer.
Processed Food Industry -
Global Warming -
Polluters
Embedded Journalism refers to news reporters being attached to
military units involved in armed conflicts.
Media Ownership and Control.
Barbara Walters
sometimes interviewed people by asking rude and demeaning questions.
Walters often excused her behavior by saying “you know I have to ask,” or
“you know this is what people are wondering."
Not to say that Barbara Walters was not a good journalist, it's just that
too many times it was more about
sensationalism and
drama than it was about finding the
truth and informing people.
Some
Journalist are Just Robots.
News Matters | Full Documentary (youtube) This film follows the
desperate attempt by Colorado journalists to save the 125-year-old Denver
Post from slow death at the hands of hedge fund owner Alden Global Capital
while trying to cut through the noise of social media and opinion news
outlets. This film explores the role of journalism in society. The deadly
siege at the US Capitol is rooted in an ocean of anger and baseless
conspiracy theories. And the vanishing of more than 2,000 newspapers
across the country has led to vacuum of trusted information and an
epidemic of misinformation. News Matters explores the roots of dangerous
misinformation, complicated by the slow destruction of the Fourth Estate.
Colorado Sun News.
Reporting
Report is a written
document describing the
facts from an
investigation about an individual, group or
complex
problem. To
announce something
important as the
result of an
investigation or from an
experience or a
finding. Reporting is the act of
informing by verbal report,
or a short account of the news. To give an
accurate account or
representation of an event in words
without being
vague and without
adding any
propaganda.
Account is a
record or
narrative description of
past events. The
act of
informing by
verbal report A short account of the news. Furnish a justifying
analysis or
explanation. A
story.
Write Up is to produce a full or formal
written
version
of something. A written account. To write a report or description of
something. To compose a finished document from some set of notes. To
record something completely on paper or on a computer, often using notes
that you have made.
To Quote Someone is to tell other people
that
someone said something. To quote means to repeat someone's words,
attributing them to their originator.
Quoting out of context is repeating someone's words without the
surrounding words or circumstances that would make a statement fully
understandable and interpreted correctly. To say, "can I quote you" is to
ask someone permission to repeat what they said.
Verbatim -
Citations -
Sources -
Expert WitnessOn the Record
means that a
statement can be used in reference when making an official
public announcement. If you are on record as saying something, you have
said it publicly and officially and it has been
written down. Something
recorded or publicly or
officially declared or known.
For the Record means that you are saying
something publicly and officially, and you want it to be written down and
remembered.
Off the Record is a confidential statement
that is not intended for publication or disclosure. A staement that is not
made as an official or attributable statement. If something that you say
is off the record, you do not intend it to be considered as official, or
published with your name attached to it. If someone says something off the
record, they do not want it to be publicly reported.
Correct the Record is to correct a problem,
a mistake, or a fault, that you did in order to put something right.
Set the Record Straight is to give the
true version of events that have been reported incorrectly. To correct a
misapprehension or make the true facts known. To provide the facts about
something that people have a false understanding about. Setting something
straight is to tell someone the true facts about a situation that the
person had previously misunderstood. To correct someone by providing
accurate information. To show that something which that has been regarded
as true, which in fact is not true. To fix, correct, revise, improve,
rectify, remedy and amend.
Get the facts
straight is to understand what is true or what is stated to be true
Clean Record is a person who has no
recorded problems or has never broken any rules or laws.
Beat Reporting is a genre of
journalism
focused on a particular issue, sector, organization, or institution over
time. Beat reporting is also known as
specialized
reporting.
Reporter is a person who
collects,
writes, or
distributes news or other current information.
News Anchor is a person who
presents
news during a news program on television, on the radio or on the Internet.
Correspondent is usually a
journalist or
a commentator for magazines, or an agent who
contributes
reports to a newspaper, or radio or television news, or another type of
company, from a
remote, often distant, location. Correspondent also means
someone who
communicates by means of a written message or letter that is
addressed to a person or organization.
Commentator
is a person who
comments on events or on a text. A person who delivers a live
commentary on an event or performance.
Commentary is an expression of
opinions, or an offering of
possible explanations about an event or situation. A descriptive spoken
account of an event or performance as it happens, sometimes on a
broadcast.
Information Activists is someone who works to
make information available
to the general population.
Journalist -
Activism -
Essay -
Argument
Public Information officer is someone who provides information to the
media and public as required by law and according to the standards of
their profession.
News is
information about recent and important events.
Informal
information of any kind that is not previously known to someone.
News the way it should be -
Journalist Hero's
News Conference is a
media event in which newsmakers invite
journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask questions. A joint
press conference instead is held between two or more
talking sides.
Press Conference or news conference is a
media event in which
newsmakers invite journalists to hear them speak and, most often, ask
questions. A joint press conference instead is held between two or more
talking sides.
Reporting Bias.
Journalism Investigations
Investigative Journalism
is a form of journalism in which
reporters deeply
investigate a single topic of
interest, such as
serious crimes,
political corruption, or
corporate
wrongdoing. An investigative journalist may spend months or years
researching, talking to
witnesses and subject
experts, and
preparing a
final
report.
Practitioners sometimes use the terms
watchdog reporting or
accountability
reporting. The growth of
media
conglomerates in the U.S. since the 1980s has been accompanied by
massive cuts in the budgets for investigative journalism.
Whistle Blowers -
Informing the Public -
Informant -
Source -
Freedom of
Speech
International Consortium of
Investigative Journalists.
Investigative Reporting -
Investigated Reporters -
The Bureau Investigates -
Authorities
Global Investigative Journalism
Network -
Fairness and
Accuracy In ReportingInvestigate is
to
study and
examine something very carefully.
Searching for
answers in order to
understand something more
accurately. To
conduct an
inquiry or
an investigation of someone or something. A
systematic
investigation of a matter of public
interest. A
search for
knowledge.
A careful
examination.
To
study and
examine something scientifically in
order to understand it.
Investigation
is the action of
questioning something or
questioning someone thoroughly. To do
research and a systematic examination
of the
facts in order to
learn as much as you can and
understand something more
clearly and
accurately. To
file a
report that is
objective and factual so
that a problem can be clearly understood and be
solved intelligently.
Full Investigation refers to the
careful
search or
examination with an intension to discover
facts. This may
include questioning of witnesses,
forensic examination and investigation
of
financial records. An investigation is a systematic, minute, and
thorough attempt to learn the
facts about something complex or hidden; it
is often formal and official.
Connect the Dots
-
Mind Maps
-
Seeing the Whole Picture -
Mathematical Structure
-
Group Theory
(categorizing) -
Heuristic -
Means, Motive and Opportunity -
Decipher
Leave No Stone Unturned means to try
every possible course of action in order to achieve something. To look
every where and to look for something in every possible place. To be
extremely thorough and meticulous in your search or efforts. Sometimes it
may be in the only place you didn't check, or it may be in the place that
you didn't check thoroughly enough. keep going · persist · press on ·
proceed · pursue. Think it through, make a choice, learn from the results.
Criminal
Investigation is an applied
science
that involves the study of
facts
that are then used to inform criminal trials. A complete criminal
investigation can include searching, interviews,
interrogations,
evidence collection and preservation, and
various methods of investigation. Modern-day criminal investigations
commonly employ many modern scientific techniques known collectively as
forensic science. Criminal
investigation is an ancient science that may have roots as far back as c.
1700 BCE in the writings of the Code of Hammurabi. In the code, it is
suggested that both the accuser and the accused had the right to present
evidence they collected. In the modern era, criminal investigations are
most often done by government police forces. Private investigators are
also commonly hired to complete or assist in criminal investigations. An
early recorded professional criminal investigator was the English
constable. Around 1250 CE, it was recorded that the constable was to "...
record...matters of fact, not matters of judgment and law.
Murder Book refers
to the case file of a murder investigation that include crime scene
photographs and sketches, autopsy and forensic reports, transcripts of
investigators' notes, and witness interviews. The murder book encapsulates
the complete paper trail of a murder investigation, from the time the
murder is first reported through the arrest of a suspect. Law enforcement
agencies typically guard murder books carefully, and it is unusual for
civilians to be given unfettered access to these kinds of records,
especially for unsolved cases.
Means, Motive and Opportunity -
Discovery in Law
-
Doxing
Internal Investigation is a formal inquiry conducted by a company
to determine whether laws, regulations, or
internal policies were violated
and, if so,
recommend corrective action. internal investigation process is
an important
risk management tool for employers when faced with a
harassment complaint. If
internal investigations are done properly, they
can aid employers in
avoiding lawsuits and offer employers defenses and
lessen damages if there is subsequent litigation. First select the
investigator, create a plan for the investigation, develop interview
questions, conduct interviews, ensure confidentiality and provide interim
protection.
Ascertain is to find out, learn, or determine with certainty by
making an
inquiry or by other efforts. To establish
facts
after a calculation, investigation,
experiment, survey, or study. To make certain of something or learn or
discover with certainty. Be careful or certain to do something.
Probe is to investigate something
thoroughly to see if it's true. An inquiry into unfamiliar or
questionable
activities. An exploratory action or expedition. To physically explore or
examine something with the hands or an instrument. An investigation
conducted using a flexible surgical instrument to explore an injury or a
body cavity. A flexible slender surgical instrument with a blunt end that
is used to explore wounds or body cavities.
Look Into It is take the time necessary to
actively
discover the
facts
about a
problem or a
crime. To find out and
figure out what's going on and
report the
information back to the public.
Investigator is someone who investigates. A
scientist who devotes himself to doing
research. And both are vulnerable to
rabbit holes.
Principal Investigator is the holder of an
independent grant
administered by a university and the
lead researcher for the grant
project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical
trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the
laboratory" or "research group leader." While the expression is common in
the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final
decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research
project.
Private Investigator is a person who
can be hired by individuals or groups to undertake investigatory law
services. (private eye, private detective, inquiry agent).
Opposition Research -
Undercover.
Detective is an investigator,
usually a member of a
law enforcement agency. Some are private persons,
and may be known as private investigators or "
private eyes".
They often
collect
information to
solve crimes by
talking to witnesses and
informants,
collecting physical evidence,
or
searching records in databases.
This leads them to arrest criminals and enable them to be convicted in
court. A detective may work for the police or privately.
Sleuth is a detective or a person who
investigates crimes. Someone who carries out a careful investigation into
a crime or mystery. Someone who watches, observes, or inquires
secretly.
Someone who follows a trail. When you seek clues, you sleuth. One type of
bloodhound skilled at following trails is called a sleuthhound.
Hounding Someone is to chase someone or to
refuse to leave someone alone, especially because you want to get
something from them. Someone who eagerly and persistently pursues a person
even though their communication is unrequited. To hunt, chase, or pursue
someone relentlessly. To hound someone is to relentlessly pursue or pester
them.
Hound is a type of
hunting dog used by hunters to track or chase prey.
Security -
Community
Policing -
Neighborhood
Watch
Howard Center For Investigative Journalism. The Howard Center
trains the next generation of reporters through hands-on investigative
journalism projects.
Walter Cronkite School
of Journalism and Mass Communication.
Floodlight News
is an independent, nonpartisan newsroom that investigates the corporations
and political interests stalling climate action.
Watchman were organized groups of men, usually authorized by a state,
government, city, or society, to deter criminal activity and provide law
enforcement as well as traditionally perform the services of public
safety,
fire watch, crime
prevention, crime detection, recovery of stolen goods. Watchmen have
existed since earliest recorded times in various guises throughout the
world and were generally succeeded by the emergence of formally organized
professional policing.
Night Watchman
is a person whose job is to guard a building at night.
Night-Watchman State or
minarchy is a model of a state that is limited and minimal, whose only
functions are to act as an enforcer of the non-aggression principle by
providing its citizens with the military, the police and courts, thereby
protecting them from aggression, theft, breach of contract, fraud and
enforcing property laws. Its proponents are called minarchists.
Watchdog
Journalism informs the public about goings-on in institutions and
society, especially in circumstances where a significant portion of the
public would demand changes in response. This might involve:
Fact-checking statements of
public officials and corporate executives.
Interviewing public figures and
challenging them with problems or concerns. Beat reporting to gather
information from meetings that members of the public might not otherwise
attend, and to observe "on the ground" in broader society. Investigative
journalism involves information-gathering on a single story for a long
period of time. Like a literal guard dog that barks when it notices an
intruder, a "
watchdog"
role involves alerting others when a problem is detected. Common subjects
are the government decision-making process, corporate fraud, illegal
activity, immorality,
consumer protection
issues, and environmental degradation. Watchdog journalism can be
located in a variety of news media, such as radio, television, Internet,
and print media where it may be seen as "a unique strength of newspapers",
and additional new media and concepts such as weblogs and citizen
journalism. Watchdog journalists also are called "watchmen", "agents of
social control", or "moral guardians".
Government Watchdogs.
Data-Driven Journalism is a process
based on
analyzing and
filtering large data sets for the purpose of
creating a news story.
Evidence-Based
Journalism (wikitribune)
International Consortium of
Investigative Journalists.
Background Check -
Research
-
Questions -
The Five W's
-
Activism
Case Study is a
research method
involving an up-close, in-depth, and detailed examination of a particular
case. For example, a case study in medicine may examine a specific patient
a doctor treated, and a case study in business might study a particular
business's strategy. Generally, a case can be nearly any unit of analysis,
including individuals, organizations, events, or actions. ase study
research can mean single and multiple case studies, can include
quantitative evidence, relies on multiple sources of evidence, and
benefits from the prior development of theoretical propositions. Case
studies may involve both qualitative and quantitative research methods.
Single-subject research provides the statistical framework for making
inferences from quantitative case-study data. Another suggestion is that
case study should be defined as a research strategy, an empirical inquiry
that investigates a phenomenon within its real-life context. The resulting
body of 'case study research' has long had a prominent place in many
disciplines and professions, ranging from psychology, anthropology,
sociology, and political science to education, clinical science, social
work, and administrative science.
Hitting a
Wall is when you reach a point where you feel that you're unable to
continue. The wall represents
a barrier of
which you can not cross because you
lack the information and knowledge
that would allow you move past the wall and to proceed and make progress.
What happens when the wall is
corruption?
Nothing
to Go On means that there is
not enough evidence or information
that would help start an investigation. The
absence of meaning that would
influence a direction to take.
Surveillance Programs By the U.S.
Government -
Investigation is Not the Same thing as
Spying -
FBI.
Journalism Sourcing is a person,
publication, or other record or document that gives timely information.
Sources - Reliable Information
Source is a person, publication, or
other
record or
document that gives timely
information. Outside
journalism,
sources are sometimes known as "
news sources". Examples of
sources include official records,
publications or broadcasts, officials in
government or business, organizations or corporations,
witnesses of crime,
accidents or other events, and people involved with or affected by a news
event or issue.
Whistle Blower -
Informer -
Information Bubble -
Quoting Someone -
Verbatim -
Citations -
Reference -
Expert Witness -
Medium
Reliable Source is someone who provides a
thorough, well-
reasoned theory,
argument, and discussion based on
strong
evidence. A
reliable source is someone who has a good track record of
being
honest and
dependable and has been
peer-reviewed by experts and is known to have a
good reputation. Someone who can not be
bribed or
intimidated by the influences of
criminals in power. Someone who is not
biased or
prejudiced
in anyway shape or form.
Credible Source
is someone who is unbiased and is backed up with evidence.
Verifiability
-
Citations (plagiarism).
Informant is a person who
provides
privileged information about a person or organization to an agency.
Don't Shoot the Messenger is a metaphoric
phrase used to describe the act of
blaming the bearer of bad
news. Focus on the message and not the messenger. Far too many people only
listen to certain people and
they don't listen to other people's
opinion or other peoples
point of view,
which is
anti-democratic.
Ignoring
relevant
information creates an
information bubble.
Source Criticism is the process of evaluating an information source,
i.e.: a document, a person, a speech, a fingerprint, a photo, an
observation, or anything used in order to obtain knowledge. In relation to
a given purpose, a given information source may be more or less valid,
reliable or relevant. Broadly, "source criticism" is the interdisciplinary
study of how information sources are evaluated for given tasks.
Reading to Learn.
Pseudonym or
Alias, is a name that a
person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which can differ from
their original or true name.
Reference
is a short note recognizing a
source of information or of a quoted
passage. A book to which you can refer for authoritative
facts. The act of referring or
consulting.
The relation between a word or phrase and the object or idea it refers to.
The most direct or specific
meaning of
a word or expression; the class of objects that an expression refers to.
Reference can also mean a formal recommendation by a former employer to a
potential future employer describing the person's
qualifications and
dependability.
Investigations -
De-Anonymization.
Reporter's
Privilege is a "reporter's protection under constitutional or
statutory law, from being compelled to testify about confidential
information or sources."
Attorney–Client
Privilege -
Disclosure Agreements.
Protection of Sources is a right
accorded to journalists under the laws of many countries, as well as under
international law. It prohibits authorities, including the courts, from
compelling a journalist to reveal the identity of an anonymous source for
a story. The right is based on a recognition that without a strong
guarantee of
anonymity, many would be deterred from coming forward and
sharing information of public interests with journalists. As a result,
problems such as corruption or crime might go undetected and unchallenged,
to the ultimate detriment of society as a whole. In spite of any such
legal protections, the pervasive use of traceable electronic
communications by journalists and their sources provides governments with
a tool to determine the origin of information. In the United States, the
federal government legally contends that no such protection exists for
journalists. Sometimes also referred to as the confidentiality of sources
or in the U.S. as the reporter's privilege.
Expert?
Shield Laws is
legislation designed to protect
reporters' privilege. This privilege involves the right of news reporters
to refuse to testify as to information and/or sources of information
obtained during the news gathering and dissemination process. Currently
the U.S. federal government has not enacted any national shield laws, but
most of the 50 states do have shield laws or other protections for
reporters in place.
Declarant is
someone who makes a declaration. A formal public statement that is
emphatic and explicit and either spoken or written. Declaration in law is
an unsworn statement that can be admitted in evidence in a legal
transaction.
Declare is to announce
something publicly or officially. To state firmly that something is true.
To state emphatically and authoritatively. To proclaim one's support,
sympathy, or opinion for something or against something.
Back Channel is
a secondary or
covert route for the passage of information. Back channel
can also mean a sound or gesture made to give continuity to a conversation
by a person who is listening to another.
Backchannel is the
practice of using networked computers to maintain a real-time online
conversation alongside the primary group activity or live spoken remarks.
Independent News Resources -
Government Agencies
American Civil Liberties -
Reporters Committee
-
Media Law Resource -
Professional Journalists
Shattered Glass is a 2003 biographical drama film about journalist
Stephen Glass and his scandal at The New Republic when they discovered
that 27 of Glass's 41 stories were either partially or
completely fabricated. From
1995 to 1998, Glasses' articles generally relied on unnamed or
partially identified sources, and several
of his pieces prompted denials from their subjects. In December 1996, the
Center for Science in the Public Interest was the target of a hostile
article by Glass titled "Hazardous to Your Mental Health". CSPI wrote a
letter to the editor and issued a press release pointing out numerous
inaccuracies and distortions and hinting at possible
plagiarism. The organization Drug
Abuse Resistance Education (D.A.R.E.) accused Glass of falsehoods in his
March 1997 article "Don't You D.A.R.E". In May 1997, Joe Galli of the
College Republican National Committee accused Glass of fabrications in
"Spring Breakdown", his lurid tale of drinking and debauchery at the 1997
Conservative Political Action Conference. A June 1997 article called
"Peddling Poppy" about a Hofstra University conference on George H. W.
Bush drew a letter from Hofstra reciting errors in the story. In the May
18, 1998, issue, The New Republic published a story by Glass (by then an
associate editor) entitled "Hack Heaven", purportedly telling the story of
a 15-year-old hacker who had penetrated a company's computer network, then
been hired by that company as a security consultant. Following the
journalism scandal, Glass pursued a career in law. Although he earned a
Juris Doctor from Georgetown University Law Center and passed the bar exam
in New York and California, he was unable to become a licensed attorney in
either state over concerns derived from his scandal.
Freedom of Speech - Freedom of the Press
Freedom of the Press
is the
freedom of communication and
expression through mediums including
various electronic media and published materials. While such freedom
mostly implies the
absence of interference from an overreaching state, its
preservation may be sought through constitutional or other legal
protections.
Watch-Dogs.
First Amendment
-
Freedom of
Speech -
Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press -
Freedom of the Press Foundation -
Free Speech TV -
Freedom Forum
Fiefdom of Speech
(youtube)
Free Speech Zone
are areas set aside in
public places for the purpose of political
protesting. The
First Amendment to the
United States Constitution states that "Congress shall make no law
abridging the right of the people
peaceably to
assemble, and to
petition the government for a
redress
of
grievances." The existence of
free speech zones is based on U.S. court decisions stipulating that the
government may regulate the time, place, and manner, but not content of
expression.
Civil liberties advocates argue that free speech zones are used as a form
of
censorship and public relations
management to conceal the existence of popular opposition from the mass
public and elected officials. According to the opinion of the court,
campus areas such as parks, sidewalks, streets and other areas are
designated as public forums, regardless of whether the university has
chosen to officially designate the areas as such.
Freedom of Assembly -
Civil Rights -
Public Interest Law
Speakers Corner is an area where free speech open-air public speaking,
debate, and discussion are allowed. The original and best known is in the
north-east corner of Hyde Park in London, England. Historically there were
a number of other areas designated as Speakers' Corners in other parks in
London, such as Lincoln's Inn Fields, Finsbury Park, Clapham Common,
Kennington Park, and Victoria Park. Areas for Speakers' Corners have been
established in other countries and elsewhere in the UK.
Trevor Timm, How free is our freedom of the
press? (video Interactive text)
Article 19. The
Universal Declaration
of
Human Rights.
Article 19.
Principles of a Free Society -
Public Forum
Freedom of Information Act
is a federal
freedom of information law that
allows for the full or partial disclosure of previously unreleased
information and documents controlled by the United States government. The
Act defines agency records subject to disclosure, outlines mandatory
disclosure procedures and grants nine exemptions to the statute.
Petitions -
Investigate.
News Embargo is a
request by a source that the information or news provided by that
source
not be published until a certain date or certain conditions have been met.
Ocean Protectors.
State Freedom of Information Laws -
Information Laws by Country (wiki)
Information Protection -
Rights to Information
Gag Order
-
Suppression -
Censorship
Injunction
is an equitable remedy in the form of a court order that compels a party
to do or refrain from specific acts. A party that fails to comply with an
injunction faces criminal or civil penalties, including possible monetary
sanctions and even imprisonment. They can also be charged with contempt of
court. Counterinjunctions are injunctions that stop or reverse the
enforcement of another injunction.
Sanctions -
Boycotts.
Temporary Restraining Orders
is a short-term civil order issued by a judge or magistrate in state or
federal court. The order forbids a person from engaging in some threatened
action against someone else (typically having contact with someone else).
Information Leaks.
Journalism Hero's - Violence Against Journalists
Killings of journalists up 50% in 2022, half targeted off duty. 86
journalists and media workers were killed around the world in 2022 –
one every four days, according to UNESCO
data, highlighting the grave risks and vulnerabilities that journalists
continue to face in the course of their work.
Violence Against Journalists Reached 'Unprecedented Levels' In 2018.
In the first 11 months of the year, 348 journalists were detained and 60
were held hostage, the organization found. Eighty were killed.
Journalists killed in 10 years Info-Graph (image) -
Committee to
Protect Journalists.
Protect Journalists
-
67 journalists
killed worldwide in 2012.
Bloggers Killed 2015.
Killing the Messenger: The Deadly Cost of News | Full Documentary -
Kurio (youtube) -
Kill the Messenger (2014 film) (wiki) -
Media OwnershipFor the
second year in a row,
a record number of journalists were imprisoned worldwide in 2017, and
more than half of those jailed for their work are behind bars in Turkey,
China, and Egypt.
Censorship.
More
than 300 Human Rights Activists were killed in 2019. Colombia was the
bloodiest nation with 103 murders and the Philippines was second, followed
by Brazil, Honduras and Mexico More than 300 human rights defenders
working to protect the environment, free speech, LGBTQ rights and
indigenous lands in 31 countries were killed in 2019.
Whistle Blowing.
Murdered Political Dissidents and Human Rights Activists (wiki)
The Belmarsh Tribunal D.C. — "Free the Truth" — The Case of Julian
Assange (youtube - Dec 9, 2023)
Lara Logan Calls Out How the U.S. Government Funds NGO's to be their
Political Assassins.
Environmental Hero's being Murdered -
Journalism Activists -
Ignorant criminals are murdering people who are trying to protect the
land, air and water, as well as, protecting human rights and freedoms,
from destructive industries.
2021 was a record high for
imprisoned journalists. At least
293 journalists are behind bars worldwide, with China as the worst
jailer. At least 24 journalists were killed because of their coverage, and
18 others died in circumstances that make it too difficult to
determine whether they were targeted because of their work.
Kloop is
a media organization based in Kyrgyzstan known for its news website and
journalism investigations. Founded in 2007,
Kloop gained prominence in Kyrgyzstan three years later, when it
investigated criminal activities of the son of the president of
Kyrgyzstan. Today Kloop is one of the most popular news websites in
Kyrgyzstan.
Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project is a consortium of
investigative centers, media and journalists operating in Eastern Europe,
the Caucasus, Central Asia and Central America. It was founded in 2006 and
specializes in organized crime and corruption. OCCRP publishes its stories
through local media and in English and Russian through its website. In
2017, NGO Advisor ranked it 69th in the world in their annual list of the
500 best non-governmental organizations (NGO).
George Seldes was an American investigative journalist, foreign
correspondent, editor, author, and media critic best known for the
publication of the newsletter
In Fact from 1940 to 1950. He was an investigative reporter-- what the
early 20th century called a muckraker. Like them he used his journalism to
fight injustice and justify reform. But the public mood had changed, and
the demand for muckraking was much weaker on the part of the readership.
His career, according to historian Helen Fordham, demonstrates that those
who crusaded too vehemently crossed a line and seemed to violate new
standards of impartiality and objectivity. His work was often criticized
as too radical. (November 16, 1890 – July 2, 1995).
Tell the Truth and
Run: George Seldes and the American Press (1996) (youtube, 1:51mins.)
Lords of the Press Hardcover – 1938 (amazon)
International Center for Journalists -
Wiki Leaks
Public Integrity
investigative journalism
on issues of public concern.
International Consortium
Global Integrity -
Ocean Protectors -
Global Issues
Press Freedom Index is an annual
ranking of countries compiled and published by Reporters Without Borders
based upon the organization's own assessment of the countries' press
freedom records in the previous year. It intends to reflect the degree of
freedom that journalists, news organizations, and netizens have in each
country, and the efforts made by authorities to respect this freedom.
Reporters Without Borders is careful to note that the index only deals
with press freedom and does not measure the quality of journalism nor does
it look at human rights violations in general.
Reporters Without Borders is an
international non-profit, non-governmental organization that promotes and
defends freedom of information and freedom of the press. The organization,
with a head office in Paris, France, has consultant status at the United
Nations. Reporters Without Borders has
two primary
spheres of activity: one is focused on
Internet censorship and the new
media, and the other on
providing material,
financial and psychological assistance to journalists assigned to
dangerous areas. Its missions are to: continuously monitor attacks on
freedom of information worldwide; denounce any such attacks in the media;
act in cooperation with governments to fight censorship and laws aimed at
restricting freedom of information; morally and financially assist
persecuted journalists, as well as their families; and offer material
assistance to war correspondents in order to enhance their safety.
Reporters without Borders
Whistle Blowers (if you see something,
say something)
Coalition against Censorship
-
Censorship
Journalism Resources -
Society of News Editors -
Reporter -
Journalism News -
Journalism
All Top -
Power Reporting -
Ushahidi -
TPMmuckraker -
Secrecy News -
Greg Palast -
Robert Niles -
Bryan Christy -
The Well -
Webcasters -
Radio TV Digital News.
Daily Show's Hasan
Minhaj White House Correspondents' Dinner full monologue (youtube,
Published on April 29th, 2017). This comedian is absolutely brilliant.
Not only were the
satirical jokes funny,
but the looks on the faces in the crowd were incredibly funny, almost as
funny as the jokes, almost. It's funny because it's true. The
White
House Press Corps are as pathetic as the administration they claim to
investigate in order to keep the public informed. Yes it is extremely
difficult to report on our government that considers
lying a form of
communication, but still that is not an excuse to become
accessories to the
crimes being committed by our
government. When people have to get the truth from satirical comedy, we
are all in serious trouble. It's funny, but at the same time, it's
so pathetic. I understand that some people don't have a sense of humor,
but most don't see how pathetic they really are. Afraid to laugh, afraid
to admit your flaws, or just plain arrogant or ignorant. This is a sad
reminder that free speech is useless if you never say anything relevant or
important. Free speech is useless if ignorant people control the media and
the dialog.
Censorship is as
poisonous as
propaganda.
Seth Meyers remarks
at the 2011 White House Correspondents' Dinner: C-SPAN (youtube)
"WHITE HOUSE PRESS
BRIEFING" — A Bad Lip Reading (youtube) - How White House press
briefings sound in Sarah Huckabee Sanders' head.
White
House Press Corps is the group of journalists, correspondents, or
members of the media usually stationed at the White House in Washington,
D.C., to cover the President of the United States, White House events, and
news briefings. Their offices are located in the West Wing.
Crooked Media
Henry Anatole Grunwald (December 3, 1922 – February
26, 2005) was an Austrian-born journalist and diplomat perhaps best known
for his position as managing editor of TIME magazine and editor in chief
of Time, Inc. In 2001, he was awarded the Austrian Cross of Honour for Science and Art, 1st class.
Journalism Awards
George Polk Awards are American
Journalism
Awards, one of only a couple of journalism
prizes that means anything.
List of George Polk Award Winners (wiki)
Nierenberg Prize for
Science in the
Public Interest is given annually by the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography.
Ridenhour Prizes -
Pulitzer Prize -
Nobel Peace Prize (wiki)
Free Speech & Open Government Award is given each year to recognize
significant achievement in advancing
freedom of
information and expression.
The
American Mosaic Journalism Prize is awarded for excellence in
long-form, narrative, or deep reporting on stories about underrepresented
and misrepresented groups in the present American landscape. The prize
recognizes journalism’s critical ability to foster greater understanding,
and aims to recognize and support freelance journalists with an
unrestricted cash award of $100,000 per recipient. The prize is intended
to call attention to the recipients’ great promise, and to give them the
freedom to continue their work.
Public Interest.
Right
Livelihood Award recognizes the efforts of those who are tackling
these issues more directly, coming up with practical answers to challenges
like the pollution of our air, soil and water, the danger of nuclear war,
the abuse of basic
human rights, the
destitution and
misery of the poor and the
over-consumption and
spiritual poverty of the
wealthy”. An award for the people and their work and struggles for a
better future. The Laureates come from all walks of life: they are
farmers, teachers, doctors, or simply, concerned citizens. The Right
Livelihood Award is an international award to "honour and support those
offering practical and exemplary answers to the most urgent challenges
facing us today. Awards in such fields as
environmental protection, human
rights,
sustainable development, health,
education, and
peace. Right Livelihood Award
is usually shared by four Recipients.
American Humanist Association is a non-profit organization in the
United States that advances secular
humanism,
a philosophy of life that, without theism or other supernatural beliefs,
affirms the ability and responsibility of human beings to lead personal
lives of ethical fulfillment that aspire to the greater good of
humanity. The American
Humanist Association was founded in 1941 and currently provides legal
assistance to defend the constitutional rights of secular and religious
minorities, lobbies Congress on church-state separation and other issues,
and maintains a grassroots network of 250 local affiliates and chapters
that engage in
social activism, philosophical discussion and
community-building events. The AHA has several publications, including the
bimonthly magazine The Humanist, quarterly newsletter Free Mind,
peer-reviewed semi-annual scholastic journal Essays in the Philosophy of
Humanism, and daily online news site TheHumanist.com. The organisation
states that it has over 34,000 members.
Humanist
of the Year Award was established in 1953 to recognize a person of
national or international reputation who, through the application of
humanist values, has made a significant contribution to the improvement of
the human condition. Selection of the awardee is based on research derived
from biographical data,
writings, studies, and contributions to humanity.
Victorian Premier's Literary Awards were created by the Victorian
Government with the aim of raising the profile of contemporary
creative writing and Australia's publishing industry. As of 2013, it is
reportedly Australia's richest literary prize with the top winner
receiving A$125,000 and category winners A$25,000 each.
Whiting
Foundation provides targeted support for writers, scholars, and the
stewards of humanity’s shared cultural heritage. The Whiting Awards are
given annually to ten emerging writers in fiction, nonfiction,
poetry, and drama.
Films about Journalism
Tell
the Truth and Run: George Seldes and the American Press (1996) (youtube,
1:51mins.)
Reporter
is a 2009 documentary film about the work of New York Times columnist
Nicholas Kristof
in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Executive produced by Ben Affleck and
directed by Eric Daniel Metzgar, the HBO movie captures life in the
war-ravaged African country and specifically focuses on the challenges
faced by international correspondents in covering the region's crises.
John Pilger: Real Journalism (youtube)
Kill the Messenger (2014) (wiki) - focuses on CIA
involvement in Contra cocaine trafficking.
The Trouble with the Truth - A
Documentary film about South Africa's Apartheid, when Journalists were
Activists.
Finding
Hillywood
Journalism: Last
Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO) (youtube)
War Photographer Film
(amazon) -
Website -
James Nachtwey (wiki)
Shooting Robert King is a 2008 documentary film directed by Richard
Parry. It documents photojournalist Robert King over 15 years and through
3 different war zones. The films splices footage from his time working in
war zones with footage of him home with his family in Tennessee.
Inspirational video about how extremely
important Journalism is in reporting injustices around the
world.
America and Lewis Hine (1984) (video)
-
Lewis Hine (wiki) -
Historic child Labor Photos by Lewis Hine -
Hine Photos
Child Labor in the United States -
Help (watchdogs)
A horrific look at some of the worlds
most abused workers on the planet.
Workingman's Death (2005) 127:17 (video) -
Working Mans Death.
Oren Yakobovich: Hidden Cameras that film injustice in the
world's most dangerous places (video) -
Videre
An AP investigation helps free slaves in the 21st century.
Over the course of 18 months, Associated Press journalists
located men held in cages, tracked ships and stalked
refrigerated trucks to expose the abusive practices of the
fishing industry in Southeast Asia. The reporters’ dogged effort
led to the release of more than 2,000 slaves and traced the
seafood they caught to supermarkets and pet food providers
across the U.S. For this investigation, AP has won the 2016
Pulitzer Prize for Public
Service. The articles are presented here in their entirety.
How the Panama Papers journalists broke the biggest leak in
history: Gerard Ryle (video and interactive text)
International
Consortium of Investigative Journalists is an active global
network of 185 reporters in more than 65 countries who
collaborate on in-depth investigative stories.
Whistle Blowers Unite
Fifth Estate is a socio-cultural reference to groupings of
outlier viewpoints in contemporary society, and is most
associated with
bloggers, journalists, and
non-mainstream media
outlets. The "Fifth" Estate extends the sequence of the three
classical Estates of the Realm and the preceding Fourth Estate,
essentially the mainstream press. The use of "fifth estate"
dates to the 1960s
counterculture, and in particular the influential The Fifth
Estate, an underground newspaper first published in Detroit in
1965.
The Fifth Estate is a 2013 film directed by Bill
Condon, about the news-reporting website
WikiLeaks. The
film stars Benedict Cumberbatch as its editor-in-chief and
founder
Julian Assange, and Daniel Brühl as its former spokesperson
Daniel Domscheit-Berg.
WikiRebels
- The Documentary (1/4) (youtube) -
Documentaries.
Citizen Journalism - News Reporting Apps
Citizen Journalism
is when public
citizens play an
active role in the process of
collecting,
reporting,
analyzing and
disseminating news and information.
Citizen Journalism is a form of
activism and
an
independent form of newsgathering and reporting that
functions outside the usual mainstream media institutions, often as
a response to
the shortcomings in the professional journalistic field. Citizen
Journalism uses traditional journalistic
practices, but is
sometimes driven by different objectives and ideals that relies on alternative sources of legitimacy,
other than the traditional or
mainstream journalism channels. When the
people, formerly known as the audience, employ the press tools that they have in
their possession to inform one another, they will have more accuracy and
have more facts to work with. (citizen journalism is also known as "
public journalism",
"participatory journalism", "democratic journalism", "
guerrilla journalism" or "street journalism").
Public Service -
Public Interest -
Investigative Journalism -
Citizen Science
-
List of Citizen Journalism Websites -
Citizen Journalism
Alternative Media are media sources that differ from established or
dominant types of media such as
mainstream media or mass media in terms of their content, production,
or distribution. Sometimes the term
independent
media is used as a synonym, referencing
independence from large
media corporations, but this term is also used to indicate media enjoying
freedom of the press and independence from government control.
As more publishers
monopolize,
the harder it will be for small independent publishers to survive and will
give little chance for smaller or startup publishers to break through. Big
Five Publishers: Penguin Random House, Simon & Schuster, HarperCollins
Publishing, Macmillan and Hachette.
Censorship -
Trolling -
Fair Use -
Media Ownership
-
Decline of Newspapers
-
Anti-Trust Laws
Small Press is
a publisher with annual sales below a certain level or below a certain
number of titles published. The terms "
indie
publisher" and "
independent press"
and others are sometimes used interchangeably. Independent press is
generally defined as publishers that are not part of large conglomerates
or multinational corporations. Many small presses rely on specialization
in genre fiction, poetry, or limited-edition books or magazines, but there
are also thousands that focus on niche non-fiction markets.
Independent Media refers to any form of
media, such as radio,
television, newspapers or the Internet, that is
free of influence by
government or
corporate interests. The term has varied applications.
Within the United States and other developed countries, it is often used
synonymously with alternative media to refer to media that specifically
distinguish themselves in relation to the mainstream media. In
international development, the term
independent media is used in relation
to the development of new media outlets, particularly in areas where there
is little to no existing media presence. Research has found that
independent media plays an important role in improving government
accountability and reducing
corruption and eliminating a
conflict
of interest.
Non-profit journalistic
outlets are not driven by commercial concerns but are instead
dedicated to furthering a public-service mission, filling gaps resulting
from market failures, or advancing a particular social cause. Non-profit
outlets have long been a part of many media systems.
Freelance Journalist is
a writer who is self-employed. They complete contract work, single pieces
or regular assignments for newspapers, magazines, companies and other
organizations. Freelance journalists curate information and news to inform
or entertain other people.
Freelancers.
Independent News
-
Third Party -
Watchdogs
Media Roots is a
citizen journalism project that reports the news from outside of party
lines while providing a collaborative forum for conscious citizens.
Substack makes
it simple for a writer to start an email newsletter that makes money from
subscriptions. Substack is an online platform that provides publishing,
payment, analytics, and design infrastructure to support subscription
newsletters.
Funding.
The Empire Files
-
Youtube Channel
acTVism Munich (youtube channel)
Filming Police -
Filming Crimes
Mobile
Reporting is a trend emerging in the field of news and
content generation. The term describes the use of a
mobile phone as a
reporting tool. The user creates text, photo and video that combined
produces a multimedia based report. The content is edited on the phone
before being uploaded to the internet via mobile network or Internet
connection. Usually mobile reporting is used for publishing to the
web. This is particularly the case with video as the technology does not
yet allow for the production of high end video. However, the low quality
is suitable for Internet. Mobile reporting is particularly relevant in
areas that lack modern Internet infrastructure (Sub Sahara Africa, Central
Asia, South America, Latin America). The mobile phone is low in cost when
compared to more traditional reporting equipment.
Civil is a Marketplace for
Sustainable Journalism. Building a newsroom platform using blockchain
technology and cryptoeconomics to
create
an open marketplace for journalists and citizens.
User-Generated Content is defined as "any form of content such as
blogs, wikis, discussion forums, posts, chats, tweets, podcasts, digital
images, video, audio files, advertisements and other forms of media that
was created by users of an online system or service, often made available
via social media websites". It is also called user-created content (UCC).
Global Citizen
organizes massive global campaigns to amplify the actions of Global
Citizens from around the world.
Top Android apps for citizen journalists and mobile reporters in tough
environments
Atavist Make
a story, design it your way, share it.
Cover it
Live live-event publishing platform since 2007.
Live Leak
Live Stream
Video Chat is the best way to discover talented
broadcasters, watch live streams and video chat live with people from
around the world.
Twitch.tvBambuser
is a
mobile video technology for organizations and app developers. Mobile live
video capabilities using robust and proven SDKs, APIs, a turnkey app,
scalable infrastructure and video delivery.
Witness makes it
possible for anyone, anywhere to use video and technology to protect and
defend
Human Rights.
The Power of Citizen Video to create Undeniable Truths - Yvette Alberdingk
Thijm at TEDxSkoll (video and text) - Proof Mode Metadata shows the
date, the location, the temperature, the weather.
Mobilize Us Send &
manage group text messages from our web app or phone and get people the
information they need, when they need it.
Guardian Project creates easy
to use secure apps, open-source software libraries, and customized mobile
devices that can be used around the world by any person looking to protect
their communications and personal data from unjust intrusion, interception
and monitoring.
Lab Witness
Media Lab is dedicated to unleashing the potential of eyewitness video as
a powerful tool to report, monitor, and advocate for human rights.
Hardbound mobile-based
storytelling.
Digital Citizen refers to a person utilizing information
technology (IT) in order to engage in society, politics, and government
participation. K. Mossberger, et al. define digital citizens as "those who
use the Internet regularly and effectively."
Digital Citizenship.
Facebook
Live Videos
Solocam selfie stick that integrates a new and improved
stick design with a high definition sound and recording system.
MeCam NeoMe Mini Wearable Video Camera gives you
the option for the first time to shoot in first person POV (Clip
Mount/Magnet Mount) or shoot yourself in third person POV(magnet,
suction, sticky mount). Additionally, our waterproof case (compatible
with all third party action camera mounts) lets you capture any action
sports and activities. So wear it, stick it somewhere or mount it….the
possibilities are endless like your life! Our high-quality Sony sensor
makes sure that everything you capture is in crisp HD resolution (Full
1080P and 8MP). Our fully integrated smart phone app gives you the
ability to shoot time lapse photography (5 options), one touch 15
second capture and social sharing, and the option to shoot in Wide Angle.
Stringer is a
freelance journalist, photographer, or videographer who contributes
reports, photos, or videos to a news organization on an ongoing basis but
is paid individually for each piece of published or broadcast work. As
freelancers, stringers do not receive a regular salary and the amount and
type of work is typically voluntary. However, stringers often have an
ongoing relationship with one or more news organizations, to which they
provide content on particular topics or locations when the
opportunities arise.
Video Monitoring
Video Tools -
Audio Tools
News Deeply is an
online journalism and technology company, based in New York City,
specializing in single-issue news websites and building online databases
of stakeholders. Its flagship site, Syria Deeply, was founded by Lara
Setrakian and Azeo Fables in 2012 to cover the Syrian Civil War. On May
15, 2018, News Deeply merged Syria Deeply into the broader Peacebuilding
Deeply. Since 2012, the company built and operated seven other sites with
similar single-issue formats: Malnutrition Deeply, Oceans Deeply, Refugees
Deeply, Water Deeply, Women's Advancement Deeply, Arctic Deeply and Ebola
Deeply.
News Deeply has ceased publishing content on any of its sites. Ebola
Deeply officially stopped publishing soon after Guinea was declared free
of ebola in December, 2015. In 2018, three other News Deeply sites stopped
publishing: Oceans Deeply, Malnutrition Deeply and Peacebuilding Deeply.
Since then, all of News Deeply's sites have "paused regular publication".
The last article posted to any News Deeply site was to Refugees Deeply on
April 1st, 2019.
Wochit is a video creation platform using thousands of stock video
clips to choose from, and all you have to do is add the text.
Video Bolt Quickly and easily produce logo animations for your youtube
channel.
Collaboration Tools
Writing With Fire - A news outlet,
Khabar Lahariya,
India’s only all-female news network. some of the most inspiring and
fearless reporters you will ever encounter.
Blogs -
Bloggers -
Blog Search
-
Blog Creator -
Blog Creator -
Fair Blog -
Blog Herald -
Word Press -
Temps
Eyewitness Video on YouTube -
YouTube Newswire (youtube)
Attn delivers
engaging content to a mobile-first audience. Every day we produce videos,
articles and commentary telling stories worth your attention.
AJ Plus Al Jazeera Media Network. Vyclone.
A Pocket
Guide on Verifying Details of a Video -
Verification
Handbook -
Citizen Evidence Verifying -
Investigative Dashboard
Think Progress
news site dedicated to providing our readers with rigorous reporting and
analysis from a progressive perspective. Founded in 2005.
Press
Reference
Online News
Association’s “Hack Curriculum” Fund for Innovation in
Journalism Education.
High School Journalism
Independent News
Sources
Relevance Today (new concept for news reporting in the early
stages of development)
Open
Data
Haven App Protection. Haven App turns any Android phone into a motion,
sound, vibration and light detector, watching for unexpected guests and
unwanted intruders by combining the array of sensors found in any
smartphone. You can configure Haven to send you real-time encrypted alerts
of what it detects to your other phone, the one you carry with you, when
an intrusion is detected. You can choose to get encrypted Signal
notifications, and you can also configure Haven to run a Tor onion service
website (that is, a darknet site), and use Tor Browser on another device
to connect in and view all of the alerts — all without giving anyone else
access to these evidence logs unless you choose to share them. Haven also
supports SMS text notifications, which can be intercepted but which might
be more reliable in some situations. You definitely need a separate
Android device to use Haven effectively. You could choose to not get
notifications on your other phone at all, and instead just check the local
Haven logs once you get back to the room you’re monitoring. You could
connect to a wifi network (like the hotel’s network) on your Haven phone,
and configure Haven to run a Tor onion service website directly on the
phone. You can then use Tor Browser on a computer, Orfox on an Android
phone, or Onion Browser on an iPhone to load this website to check for
intrusion alerts. To do this, you need to install the Orbot app, which is
Tor for Android, on your Haven phone as well. You could also connect to
wifi and configure Haven to send you real-time Signal notifications as
intrusion events happen. This is the most user friendly way of getting
alerts. However, without phone service, it’s not trivial to set up because
you’ll need to obtain an extra phone number to register a new Signal
account with, like described in this article.
If
you do pay for phone service for your Haven phone: If your phone
plan includes mobile data, you don’t have to worry about wifi being
available. In fact, I’d recommend disabling wifi and only using mobile
data. You can use the Haven app to register a Signal account using your
spare phone’s phone number, to send encrypted notifications to your normal
phone via Signal. You can also choose to have Haven send SMS notifications
to your normal phone on intrusion events, instead of using Signal. If
you’re going to be gone for a long period of time, you might need to keep
your Haven phone plugged in so that it doesn’t run out of battery and
power off. This means you can’t keep your laptop and Haven phone in a
hotel safe for too long before the battery dies. But, considering hotel
safes are not very secure, it’s not too different to just leave your
laptop and Haven phone on the desk or bedside table, plugged in. Another
thing to consider is the the security of your Haven phone itself. A clever
attacker who knows that you’re using Haven could jam the wifi, mobile
data, and SMS wireless frequencies, preventing Haven from sending you
notifications. The attacker could then attempt to access the phone to
delete the local evidence logs from the device as well. For this reason,
it’s important to lock down your Haven phone. Lock your phone with a
strong passcode or password, and make sure your phone is encrypted. You
can change your lockscreen and security settings from the Settings app.
Also, install all updates for Android and for all of your apps, and turn
off all radios that you aren’t using, like bluetooth and NFC. If you can,
use mobile data and turn off wifi as well. This will reduce the attack
surface of the phone, making it more difficult for an attacker to hack it
once they’ve entered your room. Rutkowska said she “absolutely” believes
there is a need for technology like Haven, and suggested that the
developers add “a hearbeat signal… for remote logging.” That would help
warn users when the device loses a network connection, for example due to
signal jamming. She also thinks most users will disable real-time
notifications because “getting lots of Signal messages is annoying” —
better to have a log that can be consulted later. To protect it from
tampering, such a log could be cryptographically signed. It could also be
pushed to a remote location, like a git version-control repository running
on a distant server. If an attacker can both jam your Haven phone’s radio
signals and also hack into it to delete the evidence of intrusion, it’s
possible for them to then still do an evil maid attack on your laptop
without getting caught. However, Haven makes such an attack considerably
more expensive, with less certainty of success, than if all they had to
deal with was tampering with your laptop. Another thing to keep in mind is
that Haven can only monitor for intrusions if you actually use it. During
my time testing it, more than once I positioned my Haven phone in the
right place, made sure it was connected to wifi so I could get
notifications, and plugged in so the battery wouldn’t die, but then forgot
to actually activate the app. Several hours later when I returned to my
room and found the Haven phone deactivated, I had no way of knowing if an
intrusion occurred or not. Finally, Haven is still in early development.
There are still kinks that need to be worked out, plenty of bugs that need
to be fixed, and plenty of features that would make it more useful and
more reliable. There are false positives; once, I came back to find over
80 intrusion alerts, all of them the sounds of loud cars or sirens driving
by my Manhattan hotel room. And sometimes, actual events don’t get logged
when they should — I ran into issues where camera motion events weren’t
getting triggered at all on my device, but that bug has been resolved for
me now. It would be prudent to wait for the Haven app to mature before
relying on it in high security situations. But even now, it’s much better
than leaving your laptop exposed to physical attacks without any
monitoring while you’re heading out for drinks after a long day at a
conference.
Photography - Visual Journalism
Visual Journalism is the practice of strategically combining words and images to convey information.
Visual Journalist
Photojournalism is a particular form
of journalism (the collecting, editing, and presenting of news material
for publication or broadcast) that employs images in order to tell a news
story.
Drones.
Candid Photography is a
photograph
captured without creating a
posed appearance. This is achieved in many ways, for example: when the
subject is in motion, by avoiding prior preparation of the subject, by
surprising the subject, by not distracting the subject during the process
of taking photos. Thus, the candid character of a photo is unrelated to
the subject's knowledge about or consent to the fact that photos are being
taken, and unrelated to the subject's permission for further usage and
distribution. The crucial factor is the actual absence of posing. However,
if the subject is absolutely
unaware of being photographed and does not
even expect it, then such photography is secret photography, which is a
special case of candid photography.
People Watching -
Citizen Journalism
Crowd Funded Visual Journalism
Find a Photographer -
American Society of Media Photographers
Missouri Photo Journalism -
Photography Knowledge and Lessons
Photography Services
Press Photographers Association
Professional Photographers association
Photographing Police -
Legal Help
Knowledge Based Reporting -
Fairness & Accuracy Reporting
What is the News supposed to be -
Social Documentary
Film Schools -
Media Literacy
Documentary Photography usually refers
to a popular form of photography used to chronicle events or environments
both significant and relevant to history and historical events as well as
everyday life. It is typically covered in professional photojournalism, or
real life reportage, but it may also be an amateur, artistic, or academic
pursuit.
Editing - Proof Reading
Editing is the process of selecting
and
preparing written, visual, audible, and film media used to convey
information. The editing process can involve
correction, condensation,
organization, and many other modifications performed with an intention of
producing a correct, consistent,
accurate and complete work.
Corrections -
Paraphrasing -
Copyrights
-
Plagiarism
Copy Editing
is the process of taking raw material (the "copy": anything from a novel
to a web page) and improving the formatting, style, and
accuracy of the
text. The goal of copy editing is to ensure that content is accurate, easy
to follow, fit for its purpose, and
free of error, omission,
inconsistency, and repetition. In the context of publication in print,
copy editing is done before typesetting and again before proofreading, the
final step in the editorial cycle.
Proofreading
is the reading of a galley proof or an electronic copy of a publication to
detect and
correct production errors of text or art. Proofreaders are
expected to be consistently accurate by default because they occupy the
last stage of typographic production before publication.
Noise Reduction.
Speech Error
commonly referred to as a
slip of the tongue or misspeaking, is a
deviation (conscious or unconscious) from the apparently intended form of
an utterance. They can be subdivided into spontaneously and inadvertently
produced speech errors and intentionally produced
word-plays or puns. Another
distinction can be drawn between production and comprehension errors.
Errors in speech production and
perception are also called performance errors.
Spelling Errors -
Writers Blindness
Typoglycemia are cognitive processes
behind
reading written text. The word appears to be a portmanteau of
"typo", as in typographical error, and "hypoglycemia". It is an urban
legend/Internet meme that appears to have an element of truth to it. The
legend, propagated by email and message boards, purportedly demonstrates
that readers can understand the meaning of words in a sentence even when
the interior letters of each word are scrambled. As long as all the
necessary letters are present, and the first and last letters remain the
same, readers appear to have little trouble reading the text.
Galley Proof are the preliminary versions of publications meant for
review by authors, editors, and proofreaders, often with extra-wide
margins. Galley proofs may be uncut and unbound, or in some cases
electronically published. They are created for proofreading and
copyediting purposes, but may be used for promotional and review purposes
also.
Fact
Checking is the act of
checking factual
assertions in non-fictional text in order to determine the veracity
and correctness of the factual statements in the text. This may be done
either before (ante hoc) or after (post hoc) the text has been published
or otherwise disseminated.
Editing
Resources -
Editing Help -
Copy Editor -
Scribendi -
Editage -
Editing
-
Proofreading -
Proof Read My File -
Global Writers -
Proof
Reading -
Grammar
Checking -
All Correct -
Spell Checking Software
Writing Tips
-
Linguistic intelligence -
Communication Skills
-
Resources for Writers
Use Google Translator to hear what you
have written, copy and paste and listen
for errors.
Translation Tools
(google) -
Translations
I Universe -
Journal Experts -
Authors Guild
Online Writing Jobs -
I Freelance -
Macmillan
Copyright Information -
Online Books
Cold Reading is often mistaken for
proofreading outside of the publishing world. A cold read is a
read-through of the final material to check for any errors that a consumer
may notice.
Typos, spelling, missing
punctuation,
duplicate words, missing
words, and so on, are all things a cold reader will look for as they review
the material. Cold reads are typically focused strictly on egregious
errors rather than style issues, incorrect nonessential
punctuation,
etcetera. A heavier cold read can be done to include more types of
errors;
however, if there is an excessive number of
errors, a copy edit might be
in order instead. It is recommended that proofreads and cold reads be done
by an editor who has not been involved in the editorial process at
previous stages (or at least has not done more than two passes on the
project already). That way, the editor can come to the material with fresh
eyes and catch things that may have been overlooked at previous stages.
Maintenance.
Film
Editing is both a creative and a technical part of the
post-production process
of
filmmaking. The term is derived
from the traditional process of working with film which increasingly
involves the use of digital technology. The film editor works with the raw
footage, selecting shots and combining them into
sequences which create a finished
motion picture. Film editing is described as an art or skill, the only art
that is unique to cinema, separating filmmaking from other art forms that
preceded it, although there are close parallels to the editing process in
other art forms such as poetry and novel writing. Film editing is often
referred to as the "
invisible art" because when it
is well-practiced, the viewer can become so engaged that they are not
aware of the editor's work. On its most fundamental level, film editing is
the art, technique and practice of
assembling
shots into a
coherent sequence.
The job of an editor is not simply to mechanically put pieces of a film
together, cut off film slates or edit dialogue scenes. A film editor must
creatively work with the
layers of images, story,
dialogue, music, pacing, as well as the actors' performances to
effectively "re-imagine" and even rewrite the film to
craft a cohesive whole. Editors usually
play a dynamic role in the making of a film. Sometimes, auteurist film
directors edit their own films, for example, Akira Kurosawa, Bahram Beyzai,
Steven Soderbergh, and the Coen brothers. With the advent of digital
editing in non-linear editing systems, film editors and their assistants
have become responsible for many areas of filmmaking that used to be the
responsibility of others. For instance, in past years, picture editors
dealt only with just that—
picture. Sound,
music, and (more recently) visual effects editors dealt with the
practicalities of other aspects of the editing process, usually under the
direction of the picture editor and director. However, digital systems
have increasingly put these responsibilities on the picture editor. It is
common, especially on lower budget films, for the editor to sometimes cut
in temporary music, mock up
visual effects and
add temporary sound effects or other sound replacements. These temporary
elements are usually replaced with more refined final elements produced by
the sound, music and visual effects teams hired to complete the picture.
Video editing software is software used performing the post-production
video editing of digital video sequences on a
non-linear editing system (NLE). It has replaced traditional flatbed
celluloid film editing tools and analog video tape-to-tape online
editing machines.
Journalism Education Resources
Journalism
School is a school or a department at a school or college, where
students complete university-level training, which incorporates both
technical skills such as
research
skills,
interviewing techniques and
shorthand and academic studies in media theory,
cultural studies and
ethics. There are only three
graduate-only journalism schools in the United States,
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism,
Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism, and the
UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.
Online Journalism Review -
Online Journalism Training.
Knight Digital Media Center -
Helping good journalism and
good journalists thrive in the
Digital Now.
Journalism Education -
News University
Journalism & Women Symposium
Megan Kamerick: Women Should Represent
women in Media (video)
Eman Mohammed (video)
Online News Association -
Inter News Media Training -
American Press Institute
National Press Club -
Poynter
Association for Education
in Journalism and Mass Communication
is a major international membership
organization for academics in the field, offering regional and national
conferences and refereed publications. It has numerous membership
divisions, interest groups, publications and websites.
High School Journalism -
Student News Website
Teenage Generated News -
Student Press Review -
Student Press Law Center
Scholastic Press Assoc -
Collegiate Press Assoc -
studentpress.journ.umn.edu
School of Communication -
Frontline Club
Kansas Student Newspaper's Fact Check Results In New Principal's
Resignation
J Ideas -
Know your Rights
Digital Journalist
Media Literacy Education -
Writing Tips -
Talking
News Lab -
News 21 -
Public Media
Day Life Cloud Publishing
10,000 Words -
Resource for
Journalists
Pen 3,400 Professional Members who
represent the most distinguished
writers, translators, and editors in the
United States.
Future of Journalism - Experiential
Journalism -
Bright Future for Journalism
Saving American Journalism -
Journalism Crisis
-
Media Ownership -
Propaganda
Our Blook -
Save the News -
Charles Lewis
Reconstruction of Journalism
Project Report
(youtube)
History Commons
summaries of
16,054
events.
British Library holds 14 million
books, 920,000 journal and newspaper
titles, 58 million patents,
3 million sound recordings, 40 million
news
pages to go digital and more.
Library's (information sources) - -
Media Literacy
Education -
Media Literacy
Info
Eppy Awards -
Honoring the
best Websites
offered by newspapers,
television, magazine and
radio companies.
Free Publicity -
Public Relations -
Public Relations Society
PR Newswire -
Provoke Media
-
Associated Press
National Travel Writers Association
-
Travel Advice
-
Travel Tools
Internet Searching Tips -
Problem Solving Skills -
Information
Sources