History

History is all that is remembered of the past, and what has been preserved in writing as a body of knowledge. History is a record of the past or a narrative description of past events that are usually non-fiction based. History is the discipline that records and interprets past events involving human beings. The continuum of events occurring in succession leading from the past to the present and even into the future. History is an enormous number of small stories that can also be compressed into one big story. History is sometimes interpreted as His-Story.



Chronicle is to record information in chronological order. An arrangement of events in time that makes a historical record.

Record is a compilation of the known facts regarding something or someone. Providing permanent evidence and information about past events. Record in law is a document that can serve as legal evidence of a transaction. A record can also mean the sum of recognized accomplishments of the number of wins versus losses. To be or provide a memorial to a person or an event. Record in photography is anything such as a document or a phonograph record or a photograph. A record can also mean a sound recording consisting of a disk with a continuous groove that is used to reproduce music by rotating while a phonograph needle tracks in the groove.

Commemorate - Memoir - Biography - Essay - Cultural Studies - Ages - Manipulation of History

Recorded History is a historical narrative based on a written record or other documented communication. It contrasts with other narratives of the past, such as mythological, oral or archeological traditions. For broader world history, recorded history begins with the accounts of the ancient world around the 4th millennium BC, and coincides with the invention of writing. For some geographic regions or cultures, written history is limited to a relatively recent period in human history because of the limited use of written records. Moreover, human cultures do not always record all of the information relevant to later historians, such as the full impact of natural disasters or the names of individuals; thus, recorded history for particular types of information is limited based on the types of records kept. Because of this, recorded history in different contexts may refer to different periods of time depending on the topic. The interpretation of recorded history often relies on historical method, or the set of techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence to research and then to write accounts of the past. The question of the nature, and even the possibility, of an effective method for interpreting recorded history is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology. The study of different historical methods is known as historiography, which focuses on examining how different interpreters of recorded history create different interpretations of historical evidence. Antiquity is the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe. An artifact that is extremely old that has survived from the past.

Historical Document are original documents that contain important historical information about a person, place, or event and can thus serve as primary sources as important ingredients of the historical methodology. Significant historical documents can be deeds, laws, accounts of battles (often given by the victors or persons sharing their viewpoint), or the exploits of the powerful. Though these documents are of historical interest, they do not detail the daily lives of ordinary people, or the way society functioned. Anthropologists, historians and archeologists generally are more interested in documents that describe the day-to-day lives of ordinary people, indicating what they ate, their interaction with other members of their households and social groups, and their states of mind. It is this information that allows them to try to understand and describe the way society was functioning at any particular time in history. Greek ostraka provide good examples of historical documents from "among the common people". Many documents that are produced today, such as personal letters, pictures, contracts, newspapers, and medical records, would be considered valuable historical documents in the future. However most of these will be lost in the future since they are either printed on ordinary paper which has a limited lifespan, or even stored in digital formats, then lost track over time. Some companies and government entities are attempting to increase the number of documents that will survive the passage of time, by taking into account the preservation issues, and either printing documents in a manner that would increase the likelihood of them surviving indefinitely, or placing selected documents in time capsules or other special storage environments.

Historical Marker commemorates a person or people or an event, or a former use of the place, or some other significant thing. Plaques can help us remember people and events. New York has the the most historical markers with 270, and New York City has the largest number of designations with 114 designations. North Dakota has the fewest designations with seven. Some Historical Markers can get history wrong, just like schools can teach history wrong. So don't believe everything you read or hear, do your research. From the Atlantic through the Plains, more than 270 markers describe Native Americans as "savage," "hostile" or "semi-civilized," or they use racial slurs. At least 200 markers tell an eerily similar American tale: Native Americans attacked innocent white settlers for no reason. So some markers can be slanderous. And nearly 70% of markers that mention plantations do not mention slavery. At least 65 markers appear to promote a racist philosophy called the Lost Cause, which claims, among other things, that Black people enjoyed being enslaved. These markers congratulate men for fighting for "the cause," "a sacred cause," "their righteous cause" and "a lost cause" and for their "patriotic devotion," "heroism unsurpassed" and "faultless valor" as they fought to break the country apart to keep men, women and children enslaved and preserve what the markers describe as their "glorious heritage." So most Historical Markers are only half the truth, and sometimes markers can be outright lies. Meanwhile, three states — Georgia, North Carolina and Tennessee — recently passed laws prohibiting the removal of markers on public land, making little allowance for how old, wrong, misguided, confusing or offensive they might be.

When the Teaching of History is Manipulated

Commemorative Plaque or a Historical Marker is a plate of metal, ceramic, stone, wood, or other material, typically attached to a wall, stone, or other vertical surface, and bearing text or an image in relief, or both, to commemorate one or more persons, an event, a former use of the place, or some other thing. Many modern plaques and markers are used to associate the location where the plaque or marker is installed with the person, event, or item commemorated as a place worthy of visit. A monumental plaque or tablet commemorating a deceased person or persons, can be a simple form of church monument. Most modern plaques affixed in this way are commemorative of something, but this is not always the case, and there are purely religious plaques, or those signifying ownership or affiliation of some sort. A plaquette is a small plaque, but in English, unlike many European languages, the term is not typically used for outdoor plaques fixed to walls.

Timeline is a sequence of related events arranged in chronological order and displayed along a line, usually drawn left to right or top to bottom.

Historic Inventions - Printing Press - Education

History is an Investigation. You can't learn accurate history from a book or text book, or learn accurate history from a story, or a movie or a speaker. The only accurate history that is free from propaganda is the history learned from a full investigation.

Historical Research studies the meaning of past events in an attempt to interpret the facts and explain the cause of events, and their effect in the present events.

Historical Studies is one type of qualitative research or historical research, which involves examining past events to draw conclusions and make predictions about the future. The steps in historical research are: formulate an idea, formulate a plan, gather data, analyze data, and analyze the sources of data. Historical Studies explores what happened in the past, with the goal of interrupting our present and building a better future.

Historical Method comprises the techniques and guidelines by which historians use primary sources and other evidence, including the evidence of archaeology, to research and then to write histories in the form of accounts of the past. The question of the nature, and even the possibility, of a sound historical method is raised in the philosophy of history as a question of epistemology. The study of historical method and of different ways of writing history is known as historiography.

Historian is a person who researches, studies, and writes about the past, and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is concerned with events preceding written history, the individual is an historian of prehistory. Although "historian" can be used to describe amateur and professional historians alike, it is reserved more recently for those who have acquired graduate degrees in the discipline. Some historians, though, are recognized by publications or training and experience. "Historian" became a professional occupation in the late nineteenth century as research universities were emerging in Germany and elsewhere. Past Civilizations that Failed.

Historiography is the study of the methods of historians in developing history as an academic discipline, and by extension is any body of historical work on a particular subject. The historiography of a specific topic covers how historians have studied that topic using particular sources, techniques, and theoretical approaches.

Philosophy of History is the philosophical study of history and the past.

Historical Linguistics is the scientific study of language change over time.

World History is a field of historical study that emerged as a distinct academic field in the 1980s. It examines history from a global perspective. It is not to be confused with diplomatic or international history or comparative history, which, like world history, deals with the history of multiple cultures and nations, but does not do so on a global scale. World history looks for common patterns that emerge across all cultures. World historians use a thematic approach, with two major focal points: integration and how processes of world history have drawn people of the world together. And difference, how patterns of world history reveal the diversity of the human experiences.

Diplomatic History deals with the history of international relations between states. Diplomatic history can be different from international relations in that the former can concern itself with the foreign policy of one state while the latter deals with relations between two or more states. Diplomatic history tends to be more concerned with the history of diplomacy, but international relations concern more with current events and creating a model intended to shed explanatory light on international politics.

Thucydides was an Athenian historian and general. His History of the Peloponnesian War recounts the fifth-century BC war between Sparta and Athens until the year 411 BC. Thucydides has been dubbed the father of "scientific history" by those who accept his claims to have applied strict standards of impartiality and evidence-gathering and analysis of cause and effect, without
reference to intervention by the deities, as outlined in his introduction to his work.

Social History studies the experiences of ordinary people in the past. Hysteresis is the dependence of the state of a system on its history.

Contemporary History is a subset of modern history which describes the historical period from approximately 1945 to the present.

Comparative History is the comparison of different societies which existed during the same time period or shared similar cultural conditions.

State of Nature is the hypothetical conditions of what the lives of people might have been like before societies came into existence. There must have been a time before organized societies existed, and this presumption raises questions such as: "What was life like before civil society?"; "How did government first emerge from such a starting position?," and; "What are the hypothetical reasons for entering a state of society by establishing a nation-state?".

Earth Timeline - America Timeline - What We Know So Far - Culture - Studies of Human Activity

7 Ancient Ruins around the world, Digitally Reconstructed to show what they originally looked like (youtube)

History is a series of events, a series of mistakes, and a series of advancements that happened before you were born. History is also about a series of events, a series of mistakes, and a series of advancements that happened in your lifetime. The problem with history is how the story of history is told. No one teaches history, or learns history in the exact same way. So peoples understanding of the world will be skewed and distorted from person to person. The only accurate way of passing forward historical information and knowledge is by having continuity and clarity about what the information is and how this information is understood and used. Just like the information in our DNA, which instructs our cells how to grow, without these instructions there would be no life, and, if there was missing information, this also means there would be no life. And if there is any deformity of the DNA information, this also means that the life form has vulnerability to diseases, which could also cause life to be nonexistent. So the key is in the instructions and not just the accuracy of the information. History must have accurate information, and must also have accurate instructions on how this information is best used. This way we can maximize the effectiveness, the efficiency and the benefits that can come from knowledge. And this goes for all school subjects, and anyone that transmits information. We have to take responsibility for the messages that we transmit, and we must take responsibility for learning how to accurately analyze all information. As we can clearly see throughout history, when messages are corrupt or inaccurate, they can have horrible consequences. So as we are teaching history, we must also be teaching our young how to analyze all information accurately and effectively. First, people must have access to all valuable knowledge and information, second, everyone must learn how to process and understand all knowledge and information. People sometimes put an emotional value on certain information, so that particular information becomes biased, that means that knowledge and information can easily become misused and misunderstood. Information needs to be unbiased and accurate in order to the most effective, but that is a skill that most people don't have just yet. The only way to fully understand all the information that comes from the world, through all our senses, is to learn how to analyze all information. Schools can easily teach this in one class, a class called information literacy. The main point of having a language is to communicate effectively and efficiently, but language is much more then that. Language can also give people the ability to understand life more accurately. The Human mind has many controls, and language is the tool that teaches us how to operate these controls. This is a skill, and should also be a conscious choice. You learn to walk, you learn to run, you learn to jump, you learn to talk, you learn what language is, you learn what information is, you learn how to analyze all information that you receive, through all your senses. And now with advanced machines, we have even more abilities and capabilities then ever before.

History has taught us one thing, there is no such thing as permanence. This is why life needs to evolve and adapt. Mass Extinctions - Civilization Collapses. Permanence is the property of being able to exist for an indefinite duration.

Remember, everyone alive today has just got here, even your parents just got here. So your parents only have on the average a 20 year head start on you. And your grandparents only have on the average a 40 year head start. But just having a head start does not necessarily mean that someone knows more then you. Knowing more depends on how much access to knowledge a person had, and, the value of the knowledge that a person has acquire. You can easily catch up to someone's education level just by having a better education then they had, or just by continually teaching yourself the most valuable knowledge you can find. We just got here, and our education system sucks at this moment, but in 2016, our education system is on the verge of a revolution, and we are the revolutionaries that will deliver this human race from its continuing decline. Which means that future generations will look back at us and see hero's of a revolution that saved this species from extinction. There will be no monuments commemorating this time period, just a beautiful life.

"Though human history is filled with tragic moments, it's plain to see that there was more love than war, and there was more love than hate, and there was more love than destruction. Human nature is to love, though tragically, schools mostly want students to learn about the bad and the ugly, and learn less about the good and the beautiful, the good and the beautiful that has allowed humans to live and to survive for millions of years."

When the Teaching of History is Manipulated, you have confusion and bad behavior.

"Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards." - Søren Kierkegaard

One of the problems of schools teaching history is that students, and people in general, have no factual or real connections to the struggles of past generations, or what was learned from those struggles.

If you need to give a trigger warning before teaching a history subject, then you should not be a teacher, or you need retraining, or at the least, you should rewrite what you have, so that you don't confuse the message with disturbing details of crimes. Hard History is only hard when a moron is teaching the subject.

Learning history is about learning how to do an investigation. Someone can tell you what happened and give their interpretation, but it's up to you to investigate more, question other people, search for documents and any other evidence that gives you a much more clearer picture about what happened, why it happened and what was learned. One book, one teacher, one person is not an investigation, that's discrimination, that's manipulation, that's retardation.

The Ages

Periodization is the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time. This is usually done in order to facilitate the study and analysis of history, understanding current and historical processes, and causality that might have linked those events. This results in descriptive abstractions that provide convenient terms for periods of time with relatively stable characteristics. However, determining the precise beginning and ending to any ‘period’ is often arbitrary, since it has changed over time over the course of history. To the extent that history is continuous and not generalized, all systems of periodization are more or less arbitrary. Yet without named periods, however clumsy or imprecise, past time would be nothing more than scattered events without a framework to help us understand them. Nations, cultures, families, and even individuals, each with their different remembered histories, are constantly engaged in imposing overlapping schemes of temporal periodization. Periodizing labels are continually challenged and redefined, but once established, a period "brand" is so convenient that many are hard to change or shake off. History by Period (wiki) - List of Decades, Centuries, and Millennia (wiki) - Stages.

Prehistory is the period between the use of the first stone tools c. 3.3 million years ago by hominins and the invention of writing systems. The earliest writing systems appeared c. 5,300 years ago, but it took thousands of years for writing to be widely adopted and it was not used in some human cultures until the 19th century or even until present. The end of prehistory therefore came at very different dates in different places, and the term is less often used in discussing societies where prehistory ended relatively recently. Sumer in Mesopotamia, the Indus valley civilization, and ancient Egypt were the first civilizations to develop their own scripts and to keep historical records; this took place already during the early Bronze Age. Neighboring civilizations were the first to follow. Most other civilizations reached the end of prehistory during the Iron Age. The three-age system of division of prehistory into the Stone Age, followed by the Bronze Age and Iron Age, remains in use for much of Eurasia and North Africa, but is not generally used in those parts of the world where the working of hard metals arrived abruptly from contact with Eurasian cultures, such as Oceania, Australasia, much of Sub-Saharan Africa, and parts of the Americas. With some exceptions in pre-Columbian civilizations in the Americas, these areas did not develop complex writing systems before the arrival of Eurasians, so their prehistory reaches into relatively recent periods; for example, 1788 is usually taken as the end of the prehistory of Australia. The period when a culture is written about by others, but has not developed its own writing system is often known as the protohistory of the culture. By definition, there are no written records from human prehistory, so dating of prehistoric materials is crucial. Clear techniques for dating were not well-developed until the nineteenth century. This article is concerned with human prehistory, the time since behaviorally and anatomically modern humans first appeared until the beginning of recorded history. Earlier periods are also called "prehistoric"; there are separate articles for the overall history of the Earth and the history of life before humans.

Deep Time is the modern concept that shows huge changes over the age of the Earth which has been determined to be, after a long and complex history of developments, around 4.55 billion years.

Deep History is a term for the distant past of the human species. Long Term Thinking.

Big History is an academic discipline which examines history from the Big Bang to the present. Big History resists specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. It examines long time frames using a multidisciplinary approach based on combining numerous disciplines from science and the humanities, and explores human existence in the context of this bigger picture. It integrates studies of the cosmos, Earth, life, and humanity using empirical evidence to explore cause-and-effect relations, and is taught at universities and primary and secondary schools often using web-based interactive presentations.

History of Life traces the processes by which living and fossil organisms evolved, from the earliest emergence of life to present day. Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago (abbreviated as Ga, for gigaannum) and evidence suggests that life emerged prior to 3.7 Ga. (Although there is some evidence of life as early as 4.1 to 4.28 Ga, it remains controversial due to the possible non-biological formation of the purported fossils.) The similarities among all known present-day species indicate that they have diverged through the process of evolution from a common ancestor. Approximately 1 trillion species currently live on Earth of which only 1.75–1.8 million have been named and 1.8 million documented in a central database. These currently living species represent less than one percent of all species that have ever lived on Earth.

History of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to understanding of the main events of Earth's past, characterized by constant geological change and biological evolution. The geological time scale (GTS), as defined by international convention, depicts the large spans of time from the beginning of the Earth to the present, and its divisions chronicle some definitive events of Earth history. (In the graphic: Ga means "billion years ago"; Ma, "million years ago".) Earth formed around 4.54 billion years ago, approximately one-third the age of the universe, by accretion from the solar nebula. Volcanic outgassing probably created the primordial atmosphere and then the ocean, but the early atmosphere contained almost no oxygen. Much of the Earth was molten because of frequent collisions with other bodies which led to extreme volcanism. While the Earth was in its earliest stage (Early Earth), a giant impact collision with a planet-sized body named Theia is thought to have formed the Moon. Over time, the Earth cooled, causing the formation of a solid crust, and allowing liquid water on the surface.

Geologic Time Scale is a system of chronological dating that classifies geological strata (stratigraphy) in time. It is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale was developed through the study and observation of layers of rock and relationships as well as the times when different organisms appeared, evolved and became extinct through the study of fossilized remains and imprints. The table of geologic time spans, presented here, agrees with the nomenclature, dates and standard color codes set forth by the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS).

Ages of Man are the stages of human existence on the Earth according to Greek mythology and its subsequent Roman interpretation.

Ages is how long something has existed. An era of history having some distinctive feature. A prolonged period of time. Ages also means to grow old or older.

Stone Age was a broad prehistoric period during which stone was widely used to make tools with an edge, a point, or a percussion surface. The period lasted for roughly 3.4 million years, and ended between 8700 BCE and 2000 BCE, with the advent of metalworking. Jericho is a Palestinian city in the West Bank. It is located in the Jordan Valley, with the Jordan River to the east and Jerusalem to the west. Founded 9600 BCE.

Neolithic Period is the final division of the Stone Age, with a wide-ranging set of developments that appear to have arisen independently in several parts of the world. It is first seen about 12,000 years ago when the first developments of farming appeared in the Epipalaeolithic Near East, and later in other parts of the world. The Neolithic lasted (in that part of the world) until the transitional period of the Chalcolithic from about 6,500 years ago (4500 BCE), marked by the development of metallurgy, leading up to the Bronze Age and Iron Age.

Aurignacian is an archaeological tradition of the Upper Paleolithic associated with European early modern humans lasting from 43,000 to 26,000 years ago. The Upper Paleolithic developed in Europe some time after the Levant, where the Emiran period and the Ahmarian period form the first periods of the Upper Paleolithic, corresponding to the first stages of the expansion of Homo sapiens out of Africa. They then migrated to Europe and created the first European culture of modern humans, the Aurignacian. An Early Aurignacian or Proto-Aurignacian stage is dated between about 43,000 and 37,000 years ago. The Aurignacian proper lasts from about 37,000 to 33,000 years ago. A Late Aurignacian phase transitional with the Gravettian dates to about 33,000 to 26,000 years ago. The type site is the Cave of Aurignac, Haute-Garonne, south-west France. The main preceding period is the Mousterian of the Neanderthals. One of the oldest examples of figurative art, the Venus of Hohle Fels, comes from the Aurignacian and is dated to between 40,000 and 35,000 years ago (though now earlier figurative art may be known, see Lubang Jeriji Saléh). It was discovered in September 2008 in a cave at Schelklingen in Baden-Württemberg in western Germany. The German Lion-man figure is given a similar date range. The Bacho Kiro site in Bulgaria is one of the earliest known Aurignacian burials. A "Levantine Aurignacian" culture is known from the Levant, with a type of blade technology very similar to the European Aurignacian, following chronologically the Emiran and Early Ahmarian in the same area of the Near East, and also closely related to them. The Levantine Aurignacian may have preceded European Aurignacian, but there is a possibility that the Levantine Aurignacian was rather the result of reverse influence from the European Aurignacian: this remains unsettled. Levantine Aurignacian (35,000-29,000 BP, calibrated, 32,000-26,000 BP, non-calibrated) is an Upper Paleolithic culture of the Near-Eastern Levant. It was named so because of the similarity of stone tools with the Aurignacian culture in Europe. The Levantine Aurignacian used to be called Lower and Upper Antelian in old sources, from the site of Wadi Antelias in Lebanon.

Bronze Age is a historical period that was characterized by the use of bronze, in some areas proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization. (Africa, Near East c. 3300–1200 BC). Whilst terrestrial iron is naturally abundant, its high melting point of 1,538 °C (2,800 °F) placed it out of reach of common use until the end of the second millennium BC. Tin's low melting point of 231.9 °C (449.4 °F) and copper's relatively moderate melting point of 1,085 °C (1,985 °F) placed them within the capabilities of the Neolithic pottery kilns, which date back to 6000 BC and were able to produce temperatures greater than 900 °C (1,650 °F). Copper-tin ores are rare, as reflected in the fact that there were no tin bronzes in Western Asia before trading in bronze began in the third millennium BC. Worldwide, the Bronze Age generally followed the Neolithic period, with the Chalcolithic serving as a transition. Although the Iron Age generally followed the Bronze Age, in some areas (such as Sub-Saharan Africa), the Iron Age began as early as 2500 BC. Bronze Age cultures differed in their development of the first writing. According to archaeological evidence, cultures in Mesopotamia (cuneiform script) and Egypt (hieroglyphs) developed the earliest practical writing systems.

Iron Age varies depending on the region under consideration. (Ancient Near East 1200–550 BC) "Iron Age" begins locally when the production of iron or steel has been brought to the point where iron tools and weapons superior to their bronze equivalents become widespread.

Classical Antiquity is the period of cultural history between the 8th century BC and the 6th century AD centered on the Mediterranean Sea, comprising the interlocking civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known as the Greco-Roman world. It is the period in which both Greek and Roman societies flourished and wielded great influence throughout much of Europe, Northern Africa, and West Asia.

Golden Age refers to the first in a sequence of four or five (or more) Ages of Man, in which the Golden Age is first, followed in sequence, by the Silver, Bronze Age, Heroic, and then the present (Iron), which is a period of decline, sometimes followed by the Leaden Age. By definition, one is never in the Golden Age.

Silver Age is a name often given to a particular period within a history, typically as a lesser and later successor to a golden age. In many cultures the metal silver is generally valuable but less so than gold.

Greek Heroic Age is the period between the coming of the Greeks to Thessaly and the Greek return from Troy.

Dark Ages was a time of intellectual darkness in Europe between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance. It was a tumultuous period in the 10th and 11th centuries when traditional light-versus-darkness imagery to contrast the era's "darkness" (ignorance and error) with earlier and later periods of 'light' (knowledge and understanding). Dark ages is a term for the Early Middle Ages. Knowledge Gap.

Middle Ages lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. Late Middle Ages (wiki) - Medieval Times

English Language (1362) - Printing Press (1435) - Inventions Timeline

Renaissance was the span between the 14th and 17th centuries and marking the transition from the Middle Ages to modernity.

Zeitgeist is the spirit of the time that is characteristic of an age or generation. The defining spirit or mood of a particular period of history as shown by the ideas and beliefs of the time.

Age of Discovery was from the beginning of the 15th century until the end of the 18th century.

Age of Enlightenment from 1715 to 1789.

Scientific Revolution was a drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries. A new view of nature emerged during the Scientific Revolution, replacing the Greek view that had dominated science for almost 2,000 years. Scientific Revolution was a series of events that marked the emergence of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology (including human anatomy) and chemistry transformed the views of society about nature. The Scientific Revolution took place in Europe in the second half of the Renaissance period, with the 1543 Nicolaus Copernicus publication De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres) often cited as its beginning. The era of the Scientific Renaissance focused to some degree on recovering the knowledge of the ancients and is considered to have culminated in Isaac Newton's 1687 publication Principia which formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, thereby completing the synthesis of a new cosmology. The subsequent Age of Enlightenment saw the concept of a scientific revolution emerge in the 18th-century work of Jean Sylvain Bailly, who described a two-stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the new. There continues to be scholarly engagement regarding the boundaries of the Scientific Revolution and its chronology. Philosophy.

Antiquity is the historic period preceding the Middle Ages in Europe. An artifact surviving from the past. Extreme oldness.

Archaic is of an early period of art or culture, especially the 7th–6th centuries BC in Greece. Meaning very old or old-fashioned. Of a word or a style of language no longer in everyday use but sometimes used to impart an old-fashioned flavor. Archaism is a word, a sense of a word, or a style of speech or writing that belongs to a historical epoch long beyond living memory, but that has survived in a few practical settings or affairs.

Epoch is a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event. A unit of geological time that is a subdivision of a period and is itself divided into ages. Epoch in astronomy is an arbitrarily fixed date that is the point in time relative to which information (as coordinates of a celestial body) is recorded.

Industrial Revolution was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, in the period from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth. By the 1830s the following gains had been made in important technologies: Textiles – mechanised cotton spinning powered by steam or water increased the output of a worker by a factor of around 500. The power loom increased the output of a worker by a factor of over 40. The cotton gin increased productivity of removing seed from cotton by a factor of 50. Large gains in productivity also occurred in spinning and weaving of wool and linen, but they were not as great as in cotton. Steam power – the efficiency of steam engines increased so that they used between one-fifth and one-tenth as much fuel. The adaptation of stationary steam engines to rotary motion made them suitable for industrial uses. The high pressure engine had a high power to weight ratio, making it suitable for transportation. Steam power underwent a rapid expansion after 1800. Iron making – the substitution of coke for charcoal greatly lowered the fuel cost of pig iron and wrought iron production. Using coke also allowed larger blast furnaces, resulting in economies of scale. The steam engine began being used to pump water and to power blast air in the mid 1750s, enabling a large increase in iron production by overcoming the limitation of water power. The cast iron blowing cylinder was first used in 1760. It was later improved by making it double acting, which allowed higher blast furnace temperatures. The puddling process produced a structural grade iron at a lower cost than the finery forge. The rolling mill was fifteen times faster than hammering wrought iron. Hot blast in 1828 greatly increased fuel efficiency in iron production in the following decades. Invention of machine tools – The first machine tools were invented. These included the screw cutting lathe, cylinder boring machine and the milling machine. Machine tools made the economical manufacture of precision metal parts possible, although it took several decades to develop effective techniques. In 1824 Joseph Aspdin, a British bricklayer turned builder, patented a chemical process for making portland cement which was an important advance in the building trades.

Gilded Age was an era that occurred during the late 19th century, from the 1870s to about 1900. The Gilded Age was an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the Northern United States and the Western United States. As American wages grew much higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers, the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants. The rapid expansion of industrialization led to a real wage growth of 60%, between 1860 and 1890, and spread across the ever-increasing labor force. The average annual wage per industrial worker (including men, women, and children) rose from $380 in 1880, to $564 in 1890, a gain of 48%. Conversely, the Gilded Age was also an era of abject poverty and inequality, as millions of immigrants—many from impoverished regions—poured into the United States, and the high concentration of wealth became more visible and contentious. Railroads were the major growth industry, with the factory system, mining, and finance increasing in importance. Immigration from Europe, and the eastern states, led to the rapid growth of the West, based on farming, ranching, and mining. Labor unions became increasingly important in the rapidly growing industrial cities. Two major nationwide depressions—the Panic of 1873 and the Panic of 1893—interrupted growth and caused social and political upheavals. The South, after the Civil War, remained economically devastated; its economy became increasingly tied to commodities, cotton, and tobacco production, which suffered from low prices. With the end of the Reconstruction era in 1877, African-American people in the South were stripped of political power and voting rights, and were left economically disadvantaged. The political landscape was notable in that despite some corruption, election turnout was very high and national elections saw two evenly matched parties. The dominant issues were cultural (especially regarding prohibition, education, and ethnic or racial groups) and economic (tariffs and money supply). With the rapid growth of cities, political machines increasingly took control of urban politics. In business, powerful nationwide trusts formed in some industries. Unions crusaded for the eight-hour working day, and the abolition of child labor; middle class reformers demanded civil service reform, prohibition of liquor and beer, and women's suffrage. Local governments across the North and West built public schools chiefly at the elementary level; public high schools started to emerge. The numerous religious denominations were growing in membership and wealth, with Catholicism becoming the largest. They all expanded their missionary activity to the world arena. Catholics, Lutherans, and Episcopalians set up religious schools and the larger of those set up numerous colleges, hospitals, and charities. Many of the problems faced by society, especially the poor, gave rise to attempted reforms in the subsequent Progressive Era, which was a period of widespread social activism and political reform across the United States focused on defeating corruption, monopoly, waste, and inefficiency. Progressives sought to address the problems caused by rapid industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and political corruption; and by the enormous concentration of industrial ownership in monopolies.

Information Age - Technology Age - Ecological Age - Genealogy - Heredity - Blood Line - Passing the Torch - Timeline of the Universe.

1900 to 2000's - The Era of Mistakes and Great Advancements. Humans have been making mistakes since the beginning. But as society made advancements, society also kept making mistakes, with one big mistake doing the most of the damage, which was the deliberate dumbing down of education. If you can't educate people to learn from their mistakes and teach people how to avoid mistakes, then humans will continue to make mistakes and continue not to learn from their mistakes. Problems can't be fixed without the knowledge needed to fix them. 

Ignorant Ages are the centuries of stupidity and corruption. Though advancements were made, ignorance prevailed due to a dumb down education system and a corporate controlled media outlets. We never really left the dark ages because most people live in a fantasy world were reality is undefined.

With knowledge being so important, everyone should have a good understanding of what knowledge is. Human intelligence is staring us in the face.

New Age is applied to a range of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices which rapidly grew in the Western world during the 1970s. Precise scholarly definitions of the New Age differ in their emphasis, largely as a result of its highly eclectic structure. Although analytically often considered to be religious, those involved in it typically prefer the designation of spiritual or Mind, Body, Spirit and rarely use the term New Age themselves. Many scholars of the subject refer to it as the New Age movement, although others contest this term and suggest that it is better seen as a milieu or zeitgeist.

History Repeats Itself - False Memories - Failing to Learn from the Past

“He who controls the past controls the future. He who controls the present controls the past.”~Quote from George Orwell's dystopian novel, "1984" that was written 1949. Ingsoc is the totalitarian government of Oceania.

"The one who tells the story rules the world" - “Those who tell the stories rule society.”

Censorship - Language Control - Propaganda - Half Truth - Brainwashing - Whitewashing - False Memories - Gaslighting - Tampering with Evidence - Religious Charlatans - Fantasy World - Pretending to Know - Civil War - Secrecy - Indoctrination - Chinese Whispers - Elder Knowledge - Recall Bias - Falsifying Documents - Book Burning - Dumbing Down Education - Information Bubbles - Social Engineering - The Paradox of our Time - Law of Non-Contradiction - Same Shit Different Century

"It's frightful that people who are so ignorant should have so much influence." George Orwell

Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it. Those who fail to learn from the mistakes of their predecessors are destined to repeat them. George Santayana (wiki) - 1905.

"History would be a wonderful thing – if it were only true." - Leo Tolstoy

"It's easier to fool people than to convince them that they have been fooled." (Mark Twain)

"The further a society drifts from truth the more it will hate those who speak it." (George Orwell)

Historic Recurrence is the repetition of similar events in history. The rise and fall of empires, the repetitive patterns, and the many specific events that bear a striking similarities to other events. If you teach the same things, and if history is learned in the same way as it was before, then the same things will keep happening and people will continue to repeat the same old behaviors. If you don't learn from your mistakes, then you will repeat those mistakes and always be suffering from the consequences of those mistakes. This is why we always have wars. This is why something really bad happens almost like clockwork every five or ten years. This is programmed amnesia derived from an inadequate education. Schools are just spreading rumors as if it were education, and another pending collapse is the end result.

Language Rules the Brain - Literary Time Techniques - Pretending to Know

When a small group of people can control what people learn about history, bad behaviors in our past history can repeat themselves. When information was being controlled by a minority of people, memories of the past can affect the present and can also change the Future. It's easy to brainwash people and control peoples minds when you control what people learn. You can tell people that they are receiving medicine, but if you only give them the placebo, then people will have the illusion that they are receiving something beneficial. What happens when you ignore a dangerous virus on purpose?

Might makes Right asserts that a society's view of right and wrong is determined by those in power, with a meaning similar to "History is written by the victors". That is, although all people have their personal ideas of the good, only those strong enough to overcome obstacles and enemies can put their ideas into effect, and spread their own standards to society at large.

The United States of Amnesia is a 2013 documentary film about the life and career of author Gore Vidal. America has forgotten its constitutional roots in its hunger for pointless expansion.

If a person does not learn from past experiences then they are doomed to repeat them. If you do not teach students how to overcome mistakes, and teach students how to keep from repeating mistakes, then you are only guaranteeing that the cycle of ignorance will continue. Memorizing peoples names, dates and places has nothing to do with knowledge, those are mostly irrelevant details. The true knowledge is in knowing what you have learned from that mistake and learning how you will keep from repeating that same mistake. This takes planning. So history is not just about the past, more importantly, history is about the Future, mainly because you can't change what happened in the past but you can change what happens it the future. And that is why learning the important elements from the past, and the present, are extremely valuable in decision making. Having an interest in history is nice. But just having Historical interest does not teach people what our history actually means or what can be learned from our Past. If you spend all this time preserving history and culture you should spend even more time explaining what it means and what can be learned. Historians need to be Scientists and Curriculum Engineers so that they can fully utilize this valuable resource to its full potential. "Stop being selective and stop misrepresenting the truth."

"Anyone who closes his eyes to the past is blind to the present. Who ever refuses to remember the inhumanity is prone to new risks of infection..seeking to forget makes exile all the longer; the secret of redemption lies in remembrance." Richard von Weizsäcker.

Politics of Memory means by which events are remembered and recorded, or discarded. Eventually, politics of memory may determine the way history is written and passed on, hence the terms history politics or politics of history. The politics of history is the effects of political influence on the representation or study of historical topics, commonly associated with the totalitarian state which use propaganda and other means to impose a specific version of history with the goal of eliminating competing perspectives about the past

National Memory is a form of collective memory defined by shared experiences and culture. It is an integral part to national identity. It represents one specific form of cultural memory, which makes an essential contribution to national group cohesion. Historically national communities have drawn upon commemorative ceremonies and monuments, myths and rituals, glorified individuals, objects, and events in their own history to produce a common narrative.

Conformity - Influence - Ego - Collapse

Collective Memory refers to the shared pool of memories, knowledge and information of a social group that is significantly associated with the group's identity. Collective memory can be constructed, shared, and passed on by large and small social groups.

Collective Consciousness is the set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which operate as a unifying force within society. In general, it does not refer to the specifically moral conscience, but to a shared understanding of social norms. It refers to the unconscious mind and shared mental concepts. the concept of the collective unconscious helps to explain why similar themes occur in mythologies around the world. He argued that the collective unconscious had a profound influence on the lives of individuals, who lived out its symbols and clothed them in meaning through their experiences.

Collective Representations are concepts, ideas, categories and beliefs that do not belong to isolated individuals, but are instead the product of a social collectivity.

Social Representations are a system of values, ideas, metaphors, beliefs, and practices that serve to establish social order, orient participants and enable communication among the members of groups and communities.

Cultural Memory posits that memory is not just an individual, private experience but also part of the collective domain, which both shapes the future and our understanding of the past. Folk Memory refers to past events that have been passed orally from generation to generation.

Historical Fiction is a literary genre in which a fictional plot takes place in the setting of particular real historical events. It often makes many use of symbolism in allegory using figurative and metaphorical elements to picture a story. An essential element of historical fiction is that it is set in the past and pays attention to the manners, social conditions and other details of the depicted period. Authors also frequently choose to explore notable historical figures in these settings, allowing readers to better understand how these individuals might have responded to their environments. The historical romance usually seeks to romanticize eras of the past. Some subgenres such as alternate history and historical fantasy insert intentionally ahistorical or speculative elements into a novel.

Historical Fantasy is a category of fantasy and genre of historical fiction that incorporates fantastic elements, such as magic, into a more "realistic" narrative.

Alternate History is a subgenre of speculative fiction in which one or more historical events have occurred but are resolved differently than in actual history. As conjecture based upon historical fact, alternate history stories propose What if? scenarios about crucial events in human history, and present outcomes very different from the historical record. Some alternate histories are considered a subgenre of science fiction, or historical fiction.

Historical Negationism is the distortion of the historical record such that certain events appear to have occurred and/or impacted history in a way that is in drastic disagreement with the historical record and/or consensus, and usually meant to advance a socio-political view or agenda.

Historical Revisionism involves challenging the orthodox or the established, accepted or traditional scholarly views or narratives regarding a historical event, timespan, or phenomenon by introducing contrary evidence or reinterpreting the motivations and decisions of the people involved.

The Lost Cause of the Confederacy is an American pseudohistorical and historical negationist myth that claims the cause of the Confederate States during the American Civil War was just, heroic, and not centered on slavery.

Counterfactual History is a form of historiography that attempts to answer "what if" questions known as counterfactuals, which is a conditional with a false if-clause.

So many things have changed and improved, but sadly, some things have stayed the same, like war, greed, corruption, crime and poverty, to name a few. And none of those things are even necessary for life. We made a lot of improvements, but we also created more problems at the same time. Problems that are known by many, and some problems that are unknown by many. Some of us have changed the names and the definitions of these problems, but that does not change the outcomes. This is another reason why improving education is so extremely important. If we can't teach the truth, then life is a lie. And we will always suffer from war, greed, corruption, crime and poverty, till our own extinction. We have created a horrible and brutal mess of our paradise on earth. This is not life. Our ignorance is killing us, and our planet. And we don't have to be ignorant anymore, because WE KNOW, WE KNOW! And this truth we can no longer hide or deny. It's time. it's time to learn, it's time for life.
It's time.

Memory Hole is any mechanism for the alteration or disappearance of inconvenient or embarrassing documents, photographs, transcripts, or other records, such as from a website or other archive, particularly as part of an attempt to give the impression that something never happened. Banned Books.

U.S. History: Last Week Tonight with John Oliver (HBO) (youtube) - John Oliver takes a look at how the history of race in America is taught in schools, how we can make those teachings more accurate, and why it’s in everyone's best interest to understand the most realistic version of the past.

Everything has happened before. Evil: the same old thing. No matter what happens, keep this in mind: It’s the same old thing, from one end of the world to the other. It fills the history books, ancient and modern, and the cities, and the houses too. Nothing new at all. Familiar, transient. Marcus Aurelius. "Same Shit Different Day, just the same old shit and the same old story, over and over again."

"Understanding our past can help us see the future."

Societal Collapse - Activism Quotes

The Brave New World is a fantastic parable about the dehumanization of human beings, a dystopia where man has been subordinated to his own inventions. Science, technology, social organization, have ceased to serve man, instead have become his masters. Written in 1931. Citizens are engineered through artificial wombs and childhood indoctrination programs into predetermined classes or castes based on intelligence and labor. Psychological manipulation and classical conditioning are combined to make a dystopian society which is challenged by only a single individual: the story's protagonist.

A Brief History (what we know so far)

“We have a responsibility in our time, as others have had in theirs, not to be prisoners of history but to shape history.” (Madeleine Albright)

"If you want a better world you have to create one, because if you just sit around waiting for a better world, it will never come."

"You never change things by fighting the existing reality. To change something, build a new model that makes the existing model obsolete.” (Buckminster Fuller)

Freedom of Information - Problem Solving - Information Literacy - Media Literacy

Cabinet of Curiosities is an encyclopedic historical collection of objects that is regarded as a microcosm or theater of the world, and a memory theater.

Can the Distant Past Teach Us About Modern Crisis? (video) FORA.tv Science Season 1 Episode 16 | 02/12/2010 | 1:29:46

Archeologist Sander van der Leeuw explains how long-lost history can provide new insight on current global issues.

We are Living in the Greatest of Times, and in the Worst of Times (wiki).

How can the world get better and at the same time get worse? Because even though millions of people had access to a better education, there was still 100's of millions of people without access to a quality education, along with being denied important information and knowledge that would help them preserve life. Knowledge Preservation.

Preserve is to keep safe and protect from harm, decay, injury, loss, danger or destruction. History Preservation Directory.

History of Architecture traces the changes in architecture through various traditions, regions, overarching stylistic trends, and dates. The branches of architecture are civil, sacred, naval, military, and landscape architecture.

So what happen to us? Why do you have all these problems? It's because we played follow the leader, but the leaders turned out to be idiots." 

The past, the present and the future looks bleak. We were born into this, but we just got here. It's time to clean up this mess.

"History is a documentation of some of the things that humans have learned and experienced in our past. But it's how you teach history that's important, because you can easily misinform people about the truth and thus end up teaching nothing valuable."

People have heard so many lies that even the truth looks like a lie. Even when you teach students the truth about history, they will not fully understand it. This is because people have been lied to in so many different ways that they will have difficulties formulating the information into the appropriate actions. Touché.

JFK to 911 Everything Is A Rich Man's Trick (youtube)

Hidden Influence: The Rise of Collectivism (2015 Documentary) (youtube)

Bolsheviks meaning "one of the majority" (1903–1912 Communist Party of the Soviet Union)

Historical Drama is a work set in a past time period, usually used in the context of film and television. Historical drama includes historical fiction and romances, adventure films, and swashbucklers. A period piece may be set in a vague or general era such as the Middle Ages or a specific period such as the Roaring Twenties. (also period drama, costume drama, and period piece).

Smedley Butler - Follow the Money

Warning From History (youtube)

John Dewey was an educational reformer whose ideas have been influential in education and social reform. He considered two fundamental elements—schools and civil society—to be major topics needing attention and reconstruction to encourage experimental intelligence and plurality. Dewey asserted that complete democracy was to be obtained not just by extending voting rights but also by ensuring that there exists a fully formed public opinion, accomplished by communication among citizens, experts, and politicians, with the latter being accountable for the policies they adopt.

"History should show us how ignorant people make horrible leaders so that students can finally become aware of how important a good education is, of course a good education would first need to be defined."  "Our society is not to big to fail."

We have too much violence in our past history and too much violence in our present day. Humans are not violent by nature or do humans have the instinct to be violent. So violence is mostly caused by our dysfunctional education system, and by our dysfunctional governments, and by societies dysfunctional belief systems, and by our entertainment industries, and by the corporate media that feeds on violence, and not to educate the public about violence, but to influence violence and use violence as a weapon of control. So all these institutions must be retooled and updated to effectively and efficiently inform the public that all humans are born good-natured, and people's potential for intelligent behavior is in their control, and people should never relinquish this control over to corrupt institutions whose motives are deceitful and destructive.

"Humans knew injustice before their were even words that described injustice, that's because we are naturally good, and smart."

"Learning about other peoples lives in history is not just festinating, it's reveals to us that everyone struggles before succeeding."

Biography - Biography TV

"100's of millions of people in the future will look back on us and say this is the time in human history when things really started to change. In the lifetime of one human, people were exposed to more changes then any other time in human history. We have not seen it all, but we have certainly seen more then ever."

"The more you understand about the past, the more you will be able to understand the future."

We just got here yesterday, and if we don't preserve today's yesterdays, then tomorrow will have no yesterday. Our ability to store information and knowledge in our memories gives us incredible potential, and the powers to do many things. That is why History is so important. Without history, we have to start all over again, because everything that we have learned will be lost.

What if you woke up and there was no yesterdays?

"To articulate what is past does not mean to recognize “how it really was.” It means to take control of a memory, as it flashes in a moment of danger. For historical materialism it is a question of holding fast to a picture of the past, just as if it had unexpectedly thrust itself, in a moment of danger, on the historical subject. The danger threatens the stock of tradition as much as its recipients. For both it is one and the same: handing itself over as the tool of the ruling classes. In every epoch, the attempt must be made to deliver tradition anew from the conformism which is on the point of overwhelming it. For the Messiah arrives not merely as the Redeemer; he also arrives as the vanquisher of the Anti-Christ. The only writer of history with the gift of setting alight the sparks of hope in the past, is the one who is convinced of this: that not even the dead will be safe from the enemy, if he is victorious. And this enemy has not ceased to be victorious." Walter Benjamin 1940 (wiki).

"All life adapts to its environment, if not, then life does not survive. But humans have the ability to control their environment, so adapting is not our only option to live. But sadly we are not controlling the environment in our favor. We are lowering our chances of survival by polluting our environment, destroying our environment, and destroying our food chain. We are acting like suicidal maniacs because we are doing very little to stop our abuses. We have learned, but we have not learned fast enough. It's time to accelerate learning, instead of accelerating death."

Twenty One Pilots: Ride (Video) (youtube)

It's great when people come together during emergencies, it shows our compassion, our resilience, and our resourcefulness. But why can't people see that we are in an emergency situation right now? We have many problems facing us. So why can't we work together the same way we would if any country was suffering from a catastrophic event? How do you not feel responsible for the lives of millions of people? They are you and you are them. How did we become so disconnected? How did we excuse ourselves from this reality? How did we allow ourselves to be fooled? I know why, it's because we never learned the right things at the right time. All our improvements and advances came from us knowing more about things. And as we learn more we do more. Knowledge is our greatest resource, but its being squandered and misused. When we correct these flaws, humans will finally understand the power and potential they have, it is the great awakening. It will not be a quick rise in consciousness, it will be a gradual one. Which is exactly what learning is, a gradual rise in awareness. Seeing a little more each day, understanding a little more each day, and then eventually, intelligence.

Path Dependence is a concept in economics and the social sciences, referring to processes where past events or decisions constrain later events or decisions. It can be used to refer to outcomes at a single point in time or to long-run equilibria of a process. Path dependence has been used to describe institutions, technical standards, patterns of economic or social development, organizational behavior, and more. Conformity.

Too many people seem to be narrowly focused on the present and the near future. Not many people are concerned with the distant future, even when they know how time works, people still believe they have no connection to the future. Connection is something everyone needs to learn, because the price we pay for immediate gratification can extend far into the future, and the cost is far greater then all the temporary moments of relief combined. You can either laugh and cry on your way to hell, or work and have fun on your way to heaven. No one is saying that life is going to be easy, but things will not get better unless we try.

Humanities are academic disciplines that study human culture. Senior Citizen Stories.

You are a product of your environment. And it's time to say to the world, I am not a product, I am human, I have a brain, and I am free to think. And I think that we can do a lot better. Better in the choices that we make, better in the way we communicate, and better in the way that we treat each other. Let us begin.

Apocalypse - Doomsday - When Civilizations Fail and Collapse

Civilizations Failed mostly because people failed to predict the changes that were happening in the world and happening within their own society. And sometimes leaders were so obsessed with keeping power, they too failed to reason with reality, like republicans have done in America for almost 100 years. When people are not fully aware of the vulnerabilities that they're experiencing, they will not be able to prepare themselves quick enough or adapt quick enough. The skills and knowledge that are needed to recognize patterns and to predict and be prepared, all comes from educating the public. People need to be informed, especially people who are responsible for managing a city, or managing the state. And if we don't preserve our knowledge and learn from our mistakes, then we condemn future generations to repeat our mistakes, and also die or go extinct. Ancient civilizations also failed because only the leaders knew how to read and write, thus when they went away, so did the educated minds that held the city together. Sometimes death can happen slowly. So a slow death may not be noticeable to everyone.

Circling the Drain - Crisis - Risks - Reliability Engineering

Nations failed and nations are still failing because of corruption, ignorance and uncontrollable greed. And greedy scumbags want nations to fail because they can profit from it.

Our current civilization definitely has the potential for success, and the potential to solve all our problems, but we have to take education and public awareness very seriously, otherwise, we will fail as we have done in the past. But this time 100's of millions of lives are at stake, as well as the earths ability to sustain life. If we lose now, we lose big, we lose everything, with no second chances, games over. We only have ourselves to blame, so it's time to face the truth.

Extinction Event - Human Extinction (anthropocene) - Chain Reactions - Toxins

Earth Changes refer to the belief that the world would soon enter on a series of cataclysmic events causing major alterations in human life on the planet.

Global Warming - Climate Change - Water Shortages - Crop Failures - Pollution - Viruses - Magnetic Field Reversal

Single Point of Failure is a part of a system that, if it fails, will stop the entire system from working. SPOFs are undesirable in any system with a goal of high availability or reliability, be it a business practice, software application, or other industrial system.

Endgame is the final stage of an extended process or course of events. Game Theory.

Revelatory is something pointing out or revealing clearly about a coming devastation or ultimate doom.

Dystopia is a community or society that is undesirable or frightening.

Devolution (PDF) - Degeneration (PDF) - Societal Collapse (PDF) - Macabre

Financial Collapse - Depression - Inflation - Wars

Apocalypse is the complete final destruction of the world, especially as described in the biblical book of Revelation. an event involving destruction or damage on an awesome or catastrophic scale.

Eschatology is predicted by several world religions (both Abrahamic and non-Abrahamic), which teach that negative world events will reach a climax. Belief that the end of the world is imminent is known as apocalypticism, and over time has been held both by members of mainstream religions and by doomsday cults. Eschatology is a part of theology concerned with the final events of history, or the ultimate destiny of humanity. This concept is commonly referred to as the "end of the world" or "end time".

End Time is a belief that world events will reach a final climax. (also called end times, end of time, end of days, last days, final days, or eschaton).

Leviathan is the largest or most massive thing of its kind. Something extremely large and difficult to control. A monstrous sea creature symbolizing evil in the Old Testament. The Leviathan is often an embodiment of chaos and threatening to eat the damned after their life. In the end, it is annihilated.

List of Apocalyptic Films (wiki) - List of Disaster Films (wiki)

Apocalyptic literature details the authors' visions of the end times/end of the age as revealed by an angel or other heavenly messenger.

Apocalyptic and Post-Apocalyptic Fiction is a subgenre of science fiction, science fantasy, dystopian or horror in which the Earth's technological civilization is collapsing or has collapsed. The apocalypse event may be climatic, such as runaway climate change; natural, such as an impact event; man-made, such as nuclear holocaust or resource depletion; medical, such as a pandemic, whether natural or man-made; eschatological, such as the Last Judgment, Second Coming or Ragnarök; or imaginative, such as a zombie apocalypse, cybernetic revolt, technological singularity, dysgenics or alien invasion. The story may involve attempts to prevent an apocalypse event, deal with the impact and consequences of the event itself, or it may be post-apocalyptic, set after the event. The time may be right after the catastrophe, focusing on the psychology of survivors, the way to maintain the human race alive and together as one, or considerably later, often including that the existence of pre-catastrophe civilization has been mythologized. After apocalyptic stories often take place in a non-technological future world or a world where only scattered elements of society and technology remain. Various ancient societies, including the Babylonian and Judaic, produced apocalyptic literature and mythology which dealt with the end of the world and of human society, such as the Epic of Gilgamesh, written c. 2000–1500 BC. Recognizable modern apocalyptic novels had existed since at least the first third of the 19th century, when Mary Shelley's The Last Man (1826) was published. However, this form of literature gained widespread popularity after World War II, when the possibility of global annihilation by nuclear weapons entered the public consciousness.

The Omega Man is a 1971 American post-apocalyptic science fiction film directed by Boris Sagal and starring Charlton Heston as a survivor of a global pandemic. It was written by John William Corrington and Joyce Corrington, based on the 1954 novel I Am Legend by the American writer Richard Matheson. The film's producer, Walter Seltzer, went on to work with Heston again in the dystopian science-fiction film Soylent Green in 1973. The Omega Man is the second adaptation of Matheson's novel. The first was The Last Man on Earth (1964) which starred Vincent Price. A third adaptation, I Am Legend, starring Will Smith, was released in 2007.

It's The End Of The World - R.E.M. (youtube) - It's the end of the world as we know it, and I feel fine.

Death (fear of death) - Destruction

Doomsday Cult is an expression used to describe cults that believe in apocalypticism and millenarianism and can refer both to groups that predict disaster and those that attempt to bring it about to destroy the entirety of the universe.

Doomsday Device is a hypothetical construction — usually a weapon or weapons system — which could destroy all life on a planet, particularly Earth, or destroy the planet itself, bringing "doomsday", a term used for the end of planet Earth. Poor Education is a slow moving Doomsday Device.

The Doomsday Clock reads 100 seconds to midnight in 2020. The clock is intended to represent the danger of global catastrophe. Humanity continues to face two simultaneous existential dangers—nuclear war and climate change—that are compounded by a threat multiplier, cyber-enabled information warfare, that undercuts society’s ability to respond. The international security situation is dire, not just because these threats exist, but because world leaders have allowed the international political infrastructure for managing them to erode. The Doomsday Clock is a design that warns the public about how close we are to destroying our world with dangerous technologies of our own making. It is a metaphor, a reminder of the perils we must address if we are to survive on the planet. Doomsday Clock is a symbol which represents the likelihood of a man-made global catastrophe. Maintained since 1947 by the members of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists' Science and Security Board, the clock represents an analogy for the threat of Global Nuclear War. Since 2007, it has also reflected climate change and new developments in the life sciences and technology that could inflict irrevocable harm to humanity. The clock represents the hypothetical global catastrophe as "midnight" and The Bulletin's opinion on how close the world is to a global catastrophe as a number of "minutes" to midnight. Its original setting in 1947 was seven minutes to midnight. It has been set backward and forward 22 times since then, the smallest-ever number of minutes to midnight being two (in 1953 and 2018) and the largest seventeen (in 1991). As of January 2018, the clock is set at two minutes to midnight, due to global threat of nuclear war, the United States not being involved in world leadership roles, and climate change. Prevention.

Nuclear Holocaust is a theoretical scenario involving widespread destruction and radioactive fallout causing the collapse of civilization, through the use of nuclear weapons. Under such a scenario, some or all of the Earth is made uninhabitable by nuclear warfare in future world wars. Treaties.

Extinction Event (Environmental Collapse)

Augury is the practice from ancient Roman religion of interpreting omens from the observed behavior of birds.

Omen is a sign of something about to happen, something important or bad.

List of Planet Killers (wiki)

Ice-Nine is the fourth novel by American writer Kurt Vonnegut, first published in 1963. It explores issues of science, technology, and religion, satirizing the arms race and many other targets along the way.

Armageddon is the prophesied location of a gathering of armies for a battle during the end times, variously interpreted as either a literal or a symbolic location. The term is also used in a generic sense to refer to any end of the world scenario.

Can the distant past teach us about modern crisis (FORA.tv)

When people don't know why societies and civilizations fail, societies and civilizations will continue to fail.

All humans must fully understand the manipulative control that money and power has on the mind. Wealth and Power is certainly no different from any other disease that kills. Knowledge is the Best Medicine, but when schools have been infected and controlled by the same disease of power and money, schools unknowingly spread the disease, instead of eradicating it, which caused the death and suffering of 100's of millions of people around the world, deaths that could have been easily avoided.

Six Easy Steps to Avert the Collapse of Civilization David Eagleman (video 1:43)

Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed (wiki)

Jared Diamond: On Why Societies Collapse (video and interactive text)

"Even with all the failed civilizations throughout history, we still have not found peace and stability. We have created the illusion of peace and stability in some areas, so maybe that's part of the problem." 

Iconoclasm is the social belief in the importance of the destruction of icons and other images or monuments, most frequently for religious or political reasons. Over time, the word, usually in the adjectival form, has also come to refer to aggressive statements or actions against any well-established status quo. It is a frequent component of major political or religious changes. The term does not generally encompass the specific destruction of images of a ruler after his death or overthrow (damnatio memoriae).

Things are either getting better, or things are continually getting worse...Devolution

The End of October by Lawrence Wright is a book about a mysterious virus that starts in Asia, sweeps across continents, cripples the health care system, wrecks the economy, and kills people worldwide. Wright began writing the novel in 2017 and turned in his final draft in the summer of 2019. He says the timing of publication — in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic — is a coincidence. I researched it very carefully and I talked to people who knew what was going to happen. So the fact that it's unfolding as they suggested it would and as I reflected in the novel is no surprise at all. The thing that I underestimated was the solidarity of ordinary people to isolate themselves — sometimes against their own government's recommendations and at great personal cost.

Archaeology (historical research) - Collaboration - City Planning - Long Term Thinking - Jobs

Emergency Preparedness - Emergency Shelters - Survival Tips - Disaster Information

Plowed - Sponge (youtube) - Will I wake up, Is it a dream I made up, No I guess it's reality, What will change us, Or will we mess up, Our only chance to connect With a dream, Say a prayer for me, I'm buried by the sound, In a world of human Wreckage, I'm lost and I'm found, And I can't touch the Ground, I'm plowed into the sound. To see wide open, With a head that's broken, Hang a life on a tragedy, Plow me under the ground, That covers the message, That is the seed.

Auguries of Innocence' is a collection of conflicting situations written as a kind of prophetic judgment. It pits the innocent against the mature, the rich against the poor, the elite against the underprivileged, and invites the audience to recognize the fragile beauty and balance found within nature. Auguries of Innocence" is a poem by William Blake, from a notebook of his now known as the Pickering Manuscript. It is assumed to have been written in 1803, but was not published until 1863 in the companion volume to Alexander Gilchrist's biography of Blake. The poem contains a series of paradoxes which speak of innocence juxtaposed with evil and corruption. It consists of 132 lines and has been published with and without breaks dividing it into stanzas. An augury is a sign or omen.

To see a World in a Grain of Sand, And a Heaven in a Wild Flower, Hold Infinity in the palm of your hand, And Eternity in an hour. A Robin Red breast in a Cage, Puts all Heaven in a Rage, A Dove house filld with Doves & Pigeons, Shudders Hell thr' all its regions. A dog starvd at his Masters Gate,Predicts the ruin of the State, A Horse misusd upon the Road, Calls to Heaven for Human blood. Each outcry of the hunted Hare, A fibre from the Brain does tear, A Skylark wounded in the wing, A Cherubim does cease to sing, The Game Cock clipd & armd for fight, Does the Rising Sun affright. Every Wolfs & Lions howl, Raises from Hell a Human Soul,The wild deer, wandring here & there, Keeps the Human Soul from Care. The Lamb misusd breeds Public Strife, And yet forgives the Butchers knife, The Bat that flits at close of Eve, Has left the Brain that wont Believe. The Owl that calls upon the Night, Speaks the Unbelievers fright. He who shall hurt the little Wren, Shall never be belovd by Men. He who the Ox to wrath has movd, Shall never be by Woman lovd. The wanton Boy that kills the Fly, Shall feel the Spiders enmity. He who torments the Chafers Sprite, Weaves a Bower in endless Night. The Catterpiller on the Leaf, Repeats to thee thy Mothers grief. Kill not the Moth nor Butterfly, For the Last Judgment draweth nigh. He who shall train the Horse to War, Shall never pass the Polar Bar. The Beggars Dog & Widows Cat, Feed them & thou wilt grow fat. The Gnat that sings his Summers Song, Poison gets from Slanders tongue, The poison of the Snake & Newt, Is the sweat of Envys Foot, The poison of the Honey Bee, Is the Artists Jealousy. The Princes Robes & Beggars Rags, Are Toadstools on the Misers Bags. A Truth thats told with bad intent, Beats all the Lies you can invent. It is right it should be so, Man was made for Joy & Woe, And when this we rightly know, Thro the World we safely go. Joy & Woe are woven fine, A Clothing for the soul divine, Under every grief & pine, Runs a joy with silken twine. The Babe is more than swadling Bands, Throughout all these Human Lands, Tools were made & Born were hands, Every Farmer Understands. Every Tear from Every Eye, Becomes a Babe in Eternity, This is caught by Females bright, And returnd to its own delight. The Bleat the Bark Bellow & Roar, Are Waves that Beat on Heavens Shore, The Babe that weeps the Rod beneath, Writes Revenge in realms of Death. The Beggars Rags fluttering in Air, Does to Rags the Heavens tear. The Soldier armd with Sword & Gun, Palsied strikes the Summers Sun. The poor Mans Farthing is worth more, Than all the Gold on Africs Shore. One Mite wrung from the Labrers hands, Shall buy & sell the Misers Lands, Or if protected from on high, Does that whole Nation sell & buy. He who mocks the Infants Faith, Shall be mockd in Age & Death, He who shall teach the Child to Doubt, The rotting Grave shall neer get out, He who respects the Infants faith, Triumphs over Hell & Death. The Childs Toys & the Old Mans Reasons, Are the Fruits of the Two seasons. The Questioner who sits so sly, Shall never know how to Reply, He who replies to words of Doubt, Doth put the Light of Knowledge out. The Strongest Poison ever known, Came from Caesars Laurel Crown. Nought can Deform the Human Race, Like to the Armours iron brace. When Gold & Gems adorn the Plow, To peaceful Arts shall Envy Bow. A Riddle or the Crickets Cry, Is to Doubt a fit Reply. The Emmets Inch & Eagles Mile, Make Lame Philosophy to smile. He who Doubts from what he sees, Will neer Believe do what you Please. If the Sun & Moon should Doubt, Theyd immediately Go out  To be in a Passion you Good may Do, But no Good if a Passion is in you. The Whore & Gambler by the State, Licencd build that Nations Fate. The Harlots cry from Street to Street, Shall weave Old Englands winding Sheet. The Winners Shout the Losers Curse, Dance before dead Englands Hearse. Every Night & every Morn, Some to Misery are Born. Every Morn and every Night, Some are Born to sweet delight, Some are Born to sweet delight, Some are Born to Endless Night. We are led to Believe a Lie, When we see not Thro the Eye, Which was Born in a Night to perish in a Night, When the Soul Slept in Beams of Light, God Appears & God is Light, To those poor Souls who dwell in Night, But does a Human Form Display, To those who Dwell in Realms of day.

Auguries of Innocence by William Blake - Read by Roy Macready (youtube)

Auguries is an event that is experienced as indicating important things to come.

Films of History - Videos about History

These Documentaries below will give you some understanding about some of the things that happened in the last 100 years, early 1900's through 2015. Not everything that has happened has been recorded. And not everything that has been recorded or documented has happened, mostly because not everyone tells the same story in the same way. You have to know the difference between a story and a full investigation into the facts that has been debated and discussed so that meaning of those occurrences can be understood and agreed to by most people.

How Big Oil Conquered the World (youtube, Published on Dec 27, 2015 Corbett Report)

Plutocracy: Political Repression In The U.S.A. |  History of US Labor Movements and their Suppression (youtube) Published on Nov 6, 2015 | 1:49 mins. (sadly, not much has changed, except for the truth being taught).

Plutocracy II - Solidarity Forever (video - 1:51) - Plutocracy III - Class War (video - 1:55)

Labor History of the U.S. (wiki)

Jobs (employment) - Unions - Working Together

True American Heroes are the Workers, and the Human Rights Activists.

Mary Harris Jones (wiki, Mother Jones)

Joe Hill was a labor activist and member of the Industrial Workers of the World, also known as the Wobblies. He was executed.
(October 7, 1879 – November 19, 1915).

Frank Little (unionist) was an American labor leader who was lynched in Butte, Montana. (1879 – August 1, 1917).

American Museum of Natural History (youtube channel)

Niagara: A History of The Falls (Documentary) (youtube)

UROKO - Connecting the Dots (youtube)

Pure History Features Blood On Our Hands: The English Civil War (2014 video 1:41)

British Movietone - Historical Film Footage

AP Archive (youtube)

Looking Backward is a utopian science fiction novel that tells the story of a hero figure named Julian West, a young American, who towards the end of the 19th century, falls into a deep, hypnosis-induced sleep and wakes up 113 years later. He finds himself in the same location (Boston, Massachusetts), but in a totally changed world: It is the year 2000, and while he was sleeping, the United States has been transformed into a socialist utopia. By Edward Bellamy, a journalist and writer from Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts; it was first published in 1888.

America's Unofficial Religion — The War On An Idea // Empire File006 (youtube) - Published on Oct 10, 2015 | 28:59 mins.

The Empire has a range of weapons to maintain its power: from its courts to its Military, and its effective ideological weapons.

Corporate Takeover of America Timeline

America's Education System Timeline of Corporate Takeover

Inventions Timeline (innovations)

History is a perfect example that clearly shows why our education system is defective. History does not repeat itself, people keep making the same mistakes because schools fail to teach history effectively and more accurately. History is extremely valuable, but it's how you teach history, and it's how you understand history that ends up being the most important aspects of learning about our History. Just knowing what happened, and just knowing when something happened is useless information, understanding why something happened and what was learned from it is the most valuable parts of history.

History Education Resources

History Timeline - American History (wiki books) - Timeline of United States History (wiki)

Historic Inventions (ideas that changed the world)

The People History - The Famous People

The 100 Most Influential Persons in History (wiki)

Create Timelines with Audio, Video and Images.

Famous Historical Events
Historical Events and Famous Birth Dates

History Orb - History Link

Reference Book (editing history)

Teaching American History
Historical Memory Project
Random History
Battle Outerwear Replicas
Historic Clothing

Patriots History of the United States (amazon)
Factsie

Historical Software

Dan Carlin Hardcore History Series

The Museum in the Streets

Earth History (timeline) - Maps of War

History and Policy - Power and Politics

Preservation Economic Impact Model 2.0
NCPTT | National Center for Preservation Technology and Training

Historic Memphis - Demolition USA - Salvage (Empty Buildings)

Why do Civics Tests have Propaganda?

Whizz Past - Letters of Note

List of Common Misconceptions (fallacies)

History Lab Declassification Engine turns documents into data and develops tools to explore history. Sifting through 1.7 million diplomatic cables from the years 1973–1977, including 330,000-odd cables in which only the metadata has been declassified.

Big Picture Questions
Existential Risk
Framework of the next 10,000 Years
Friends of the Pleistocene

Deep time of Life and Art
Past and Future
National Academy of Sciences

Rand research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. - What We Know, So Far.


The Beat Goes On (youtube) - Sonny and Cher (wiki)
The beat goes on, the beat goes on,
Drums keep pounding a rhythm to the brain,
La de da de de, la de da de da.
Charleston was once the rage, uh huh,
History has turned the page, uh huh,
The mini skirts, the current thing, uh huh,
Teenybopper is our newborn king, uh huh.
And the beat goes on, the beat goes on.
Drums keep pounding a rhythm to the brain,
La de da de de, la de da de da,
The grocery store's the super mart, uh huh,
Little girls still break their hearts, uh huh,
And men still keep on marching off to war,
Electrically they keep a baseball score,
And the beat goes on, the beat goes on,
Drums keep pounding a rhythm to the brain,
La de da de de, la de da de da,
Grandmas sit in chairs and reminisce,
Boys keep chasing girls to get a kiss,
The cars keep going faster all the time,
Bums still cry, "Hey buddy, have you got a dime?"
And the beat goes on, the beat goes on,
Drums keep pounding a rhythm to the brain,
La de da de de, la de da de da,
And the beat goes on, yes, the beat goes on,
And the beat goes on, and the beat goes on,
The beat goes on, and the beat goes on.


We Got The Beat - The Go-Go's (youtube)


"Remembering a Past Life may not be so unusual, it's called History."