Pee - Poo - Bowel Movements
Number One or
Number Two?
-
Toilets -
Hygiene -
Toilet Training
Excretion is the
process by which metabolic
wastes and other non-useful materials are eliminated from an organism.
Pee - Urine
Urine is a liquid by-product of
metabolism
in the bodies of many animals, including humans. It is expelled from the
kidneys and flows through the ureters to the urinary bladder, from which
it is soon excreted from the body through the urethra during urination.
Hydration -
Liver -
Kidney
-
Fertilizer
Urination
is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the
urethra to the outside of the body. It is the urinary system's form of
excretion.
Most people urinate between six
and eight times a day. But if you're drinking plenty, it's not
abnormal to go as many as 10 times a day or in 24 hours. The normal range
for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2000 milliliters per day (with a normal
fluid intake of about 2 liters per day). 2000 milliliters or 0.528344 US
Gallons or 67.628 fl oz.
Oliguria
is the low output of urine. In humans, it is clinically classified as an
output more than 80 ml/day but less than 400ml/day. The decreased output
of urine may be a sign of dehydration, kidney failure, hypovolemic shock,
HHNS hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic Syndrome, multiple organ
dysfunction syndrome, urinary obstruction/urinary retention, DKA, pre-eclampsia,
and urinary tract infections, among other conditions. Beyond oliguria is
anuria, which represents an absence of urine, clinically classified as
below 80 or 100 ml/day.
Inflammation.
Prostate
is a compound
tubuloalveolar exocrine gland of the
male reproductive system
in most mammals. It differs considerably among species anatomically,
chemically, and physiologically. The function of the prostate is to
secrete a slightly alkaline fluid, milky or white in appearance, that in
humans usually constitutes roughly 30% of the volume of semen along with
spermatozoa and seminal vesicle fluid. Semen is made alkaline overall with
the secretions from other contributing glands, including, at least,
seminal vesicle fluid. The alkalinity of semen helps neutralize the
acidity of the vaginal tract, prolonging the lifespan of sperm. The
prostatic fluid is expelled in the first part of ejaculate, together with
most of the sperm. In comparison with the few spermatozoa expelled
together with mainly seminal vesicular fluid, those in prostatic fluid
have better motility, longer survival, and better protection of genetic
material. The prostate also contains some smooth muscles that help expel
semen during ejaculation.
Prostate Gland is
a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the
urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen.
Polyuria is a
condition usually defined as excessive or abnormally large production or
passage of urine (greater than 2.5 or 3 L over 24 hours in adults).
I Go to to Go. I Got to take a Leak. I Have to take a Number 1.
Frequent
Urination is the need to urinate more often than usual. It is often,
though not necessarily, associated with urinary incontinence and polyuria
(large total volume of urine). However, in other cases, urinary frequency
involves only normal volumes of urine overall. A frequent need to urinate
at night is called
nocturia.
Frequent urination is strongly associated with frequent incidents of
urinary urgency.
Dehydration (needing water).
Overactive
Bladder is a condition where there is a frequent feeling of needing to
urinate to a degree that it negatively affects a person's life. The
frequent need to urinate may occur during the day, at night, or both. If
there is loss of bladder control then it is known as urge
incontinence.
Urinary
Bladder is a hollow muscular organ in humans and other vertebrates
that stores urine from the
kidneys before disposal
by urination. In humans the bladder is a hollow distensible organ that
sits on the pelvic floor. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and
exits via the
urethra.
The typical human bladder will hold between 300 and 500 ml (10.14 and
16.91 fl oz) before the urge to empty
occurs, but can hold considerably more.
Urethra
is the tube that allows urine to pass out of the body. In
men, it's a long tube
that runs through the
penis.
It also carries semen in men. In
women, it's short and
is just above the
vagina.
Females use their urethra only for urinating, but males use their urethra
for both urination and
ejaculation. The external urethral sphincter is a striated muscle that
allows voluntary control over urination. The internal sphincter, formed by
the involuntary smooth muscles lining the bladder neck and urethra,
receives its nerve supply by the sympathetic division of the autonomic
nervous system. The internal sphincter is present both in males and
females.
Urethra is a duct through which urine
is discharged in most mammals and which serves as the male genital duct.
Urethra is a tube that
connects the
urinary bladder to the
urinary meatus for the removal of urine from the body.
Urinary
Urgency is a sudden, compelling urge to urinate. It is often, though
not necessarily, associated with urinary incontinence, polyuria, nocturia,
and interstitial cystitis. It tends to increase with age. When
uncontrollable, it causes urge incontinence.
Urinary Incontinence is any uncontrolled leakage of urine. It is a
common and distressing problem, which may have a large impact on quality
of life. It has been identified as an important issue in geriatric health
care. The term enuresis is often used to refer to urinary incontinence
primarily in children, such as nocturnal enuresis (bed wetting). Pelvic
surgery, pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause are major risk factors.
Urinary incontinence is often a result of an underlying medical condition
but is under-reported to medical practitioners. There are four main types
of incontinence:
Urge incontinence due to an overactive bladder.
Stress
incontinence due to poor closure of the bladder.
Overflow incontinence due
to either poor bladder contraction or blockage of the urethra.
Functional
incontinence due to medications or health problems making it difficult to
reach the bathroom. Treatments include pelvic floor muscle training,
bladder training, surgery, and electrical stimulation. Behavioral therapy
generally works better than medication for stress and urge incontinence.
The benefit of medications is small and long term safety is unclear.
Urinary incontinence is more common in older women.
Diuretic
is any substance that promotes
diuresis, that is, the increased
production of urine. This includes forced diuresis.
Plasma Osmolality measures the body's
electrolyte-water balance.
Clinical
Urine Tests are various tests of urine for diagnostic purposes. The
most common is a
Urinalysis or UA, one of
the most common methods of
medical diagnosis.
The word is a portmanteau of the words urine and analysis. Other tests are
urine culture (a microbiological culture of urine) and urine electrolyte
levels. The target parameters that can be measured or quantified in
urinalysis include naked-eye (gross) examination for color and smell plus
analysis for many substances and cells, as well as other properties, such
as specific gravity. A part of a urinalysis can be performed by using
urine test strips, in which the test results can be read as color changes.
Another method is light microscopy of urine samples.
Urine Test reveals quality of your diet. Metabolites are considered to
be an objective indicator of diet quality -- and are produced as different
foods are digested by the body. The findings revealed an association
between
46 metabolites in urine, and
types of foods or nutrients in the diet. For instance, certain metabolites
correlated with alcohol intake, while others were linked to intake of
citrus fruit, fructose (fruit sugar), glucose and vitamin C. The team also
found metabolites in urine associated with dietary intake of red meats,
other meats such as chicken, and nutrients such as calcium. Certain
metabolites were also linked with health
conditions -- for instance compounds found in urine such as formate and
sodium (an indicator of salt intake) are linked with obesity and high
blood pressure. an individual's urine 'fingerprint', could enable people
to receive healthy eating advice tailored to their individual biological
make-up. This is known as "precision nutrition," and could provide health
professionals with more specific information on the quality of a person's
diet. Diet is a key contributor to human health and disease, though it is
notoriously difficult to measure accurately because it relies on an
individual's ability to recall what and how much they ate.
With Nanoparticles, a simple Urine Test could diagnose Bacterial Pneumonia.
The results could also indicate whether antibiotics have successfully
treated the infection.
Pneumonia, a
respiratory disease that kills about 50,000 people in the United States
every year, can be caused by many different microbes, including bacteria
and viruses. The team developed
nanoparticles
coated with peptides (short proteins) that can be chopped up by certain
proteases, such as those expressed by cancer cells. When these particles
are injected into the body, they accumulate in tumors, if any are present,
and proteases there chop the peptides from the nanoparticles. These
peptides are eliminated as waste and can be detected by a simple urine
test. The researchers also developed a second nanoparticle-based sensor
that can monitor the host's immune response to infection. These
nanoparticles are covered in peptides that are cleaved by a type of
protease called elastase, which is produced by immune cells called
neutrophils. The sensors can help you distinguish between whether there's
an infection and inflammation, versus inflammation and no infection.
Predicting heart failure with longitudinal urine patterns and its changing.
Researchers found that patients with persistently high levels of urinary
albumin excretion in the long term are at high risk of new-onset heart
failure. Preventive treatment associated with the lowering of urinary
albumin excretion levels in these patients could reduce the risk of later
heart failure or mortality.
Urine Therapy refers to various
applications of human urine for medicinal or cosmetic purposes, including
drinking of one's own urine and massaging one's skin, or gums, with one's
own urine. There is no scientific evidence to support its use.
Urinary System consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and the
urethra. Each kidney consists of millions of functional units called
nephrons. The purpose of the
Renal System
is to eliminate wastes from the body, regulate blood volume and blood
pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites, and regulate
blood
pH. The kidneys have an
extensive blood supply via the renal arteries which leave the kidneys via
the renal vein. Following filtration of blood and further processing,
wastes (in the form of urine) exit the kidney via the ureters, tubes made
of smooth muscle fibers that propel urine towards the urinary bladder,
where it is stored and subsequently expelled from the body by urination
(voiding). The female and male urinary system are very similar, differing
only in the length of the urethra. Urine is formed in the kidneys through
a filtration of blood. The urine is then passed through the ureters to the
bladder, where it is stored. During urination, the urine is passed from
the bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body.
800–2,000 milliliters (mL) of urine are normally
produced every day in a healthy human. This amount varies according
to fluid intake and kidney function.
Human Body Systems -
Men
(body) -
Women (body)
Analysis
-
Lab Tests -
Poop and Pee Chart
Uroscopy is visually examining a
patient's urine for pus, blood, or other symptoms of disease.
Urology is the branch of medicine that
focuses on surgical and medical diseases of the male and female urinary
tract system and the male reproductive organs.
Maple Syrup Urine Disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder
affecting branched-chain amino acids. It is one type of organic acidemia.
The condition gets its name from the distinctive sweet odor of affected
infants' urine, particularly prior to diagnosis, and during times of acute
illness.
Bubbles in Urine that disappear within
seconds are not usually significant but if the bubbles last that is almost
always a sign of protein being inappropriately allowed to leak through the
kidney filtering mechanism and end up in your urine. That can be either
from kidney disease or an infection which can generate protein from
damaged tissue like the urinary tract and bladder. Your medications may
also indicate an increased risk for production of bubbly or foamy urine.
Foamy urine may occur due to
dehydration or a fast flow of urine. Foamy
urine may be a sign of kidney damage. Urine can foam up briefly every once
in a while. This is usually due to the speed of urine flow. Foamy urine is
more likely to be a sign of disease if it happens often or it gets worse
over time.
pH Balance.
Water
(knowledge and Quality)
Paruresis is a type of
phobia in which the sufferer is unable to
urinate in the real or imaginary presence of others, such as in a public
restroom. The analogous condition that affects bowel movement is called parcopresis.
Kidneys
Kidney are
two bean-shaped organs found on the left and right sides of the body in
vertebrates. They
filter the blood in order to make urine, to release and
retain water, and to remove
waste. They also control the ion concentrations and
acid-base balance of the blood. Each
kidney feeds urine into the
Bladder by means of a tube known as the
ureter. The kidneys regulate the balance of ions known as electrolytes in
the blood, along with maintaining acid base homeostasis. They also move
waste products out of the blood and into the urine, such as
nitrogen-containing urea and ammonium. Kidneys also regulate fluid balance
and blood pressure. They are also responsible for the reabsorption of
water, glucose, and amino acids. The kidneys also produce hormones
including calcitriol and erythropoietin. The kidneys also make an
important enzyme, renin, which affects blood pressure through negative
feedback. Located at the rear of the abdominal cavity in the
retroperitoneal space, the kidneys receive blood from the paired renal
arteries, and drain into the paired renal veins.
Dialysis.
Vesicoureteral Reflux is a condition in which urine flows retrograde,
or backward, from the bladder into the ureters/kidneys. Urine normally
travels in one direction (forward, or anterograde) from the kidneys to the
bladder via the ureters, with a 1-way valve at the vesicoureteral
(ureteral-bladder) junction preventing backflow. The valve is formed by
oblique tunneling of the distal ureter through the wall of the bladder,
creating a short length of ureter (1–2 cm) that can be compressed as the
bladder fills. Reflux occurs if the ureter enters the bladder without
sufficient tunneling, i.e., too "end-on".
Urinary
Tract Infection is an
infection
that affects part of the urinary tract. When it affects the lower urinary
tract it is known as a bladder infection (cystitis) and when it affects
the upper urinary tract it is known as kidney infection (pyelonephritis).
Symptoms from a lower urinary tract include pain with urination, frequent
urination, and feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty
bladder. Symptoms of a kidney infection include fever and flank pain
usually in addition to the symptoms of a lower UTI. Rarely the urine may
appear bloody. In the very old and the very young, symptoms may be vague
or non-specific. The most common cause of infection is Escherichia coli,
though other bacteria or fungi may rarely be the cause. Risk factors
include female anatomy, sexual intercourse, diabetes, obesity, and family
history. Although sexual intercourse is a risk factor, UTIs are not
classified as sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Kidney infection, if
it occurs, usually follows a bladder infection but may also result from a
blood-borne infection. Diagnosis in young healthy women can be based on
symptoms alone. In those with vague symptoms, diagnosis can be difficult
because bacteria may be present without there being an infection. In
complicated cases or if treatment fails, a urine culture may be useful.
Cranberry products can prevent urinary tract infections for women.
New AI can detect urinary tract infections using a technique called
Non-negative Matrix Factorisation to find hidden clues of possible UTI
cases.
Mesoamerican Nephropathy is a currently unexplained epidemic of
chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (
CKDu),
prevalent in the Pacific Ocean coastal low lands of the Mesoamerican
region, including southern Mexico, Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua,
Honduras and Costa Rica. In rural areas of Nicaragua the disease is
colloquially called creatinina. This CKD epidemic in Central America spans
along a nearly 1000 kilometer stretch of the Pacific coast. In El Salvador
and Nicaragua alone, the reported number of men dying from this painful
disease has risen five-fold in the last 20 years, although some
researchers believe hidden cases have always been there and this increment
in official data could be partially due to the recent increase in reports
and improved case search, pushed by the growing social and political
interest in the disease. In El Salvador, the disease has become the second
leading cause of death among adult men, and according to a recent
editorial, it has been estimated that this largely unknown epidemic has
caused the premature death of at least 20,000 men in the region. Science
Magazine reports: "In El Salvador alone, PAHO's latest figures say CKD of
all causes kills at least 2,500 people in the country each year". The
people affected by the epidemic are mainly young and middle-aged male
laborers in the agricultural sector, particularly sugarcane workers. The
disease has also been found to be prevalent in other occupations with a
high risk of heat stress, implying strenuous work (miners, construction,
port and transportation workers) in the high temperatures of the
coastlands. The epidemic appears to affect particular Pacific coastal
regions of Nicaragua, El Salvador, Costa Rica,and Guatemala.
Liver
Liver located in the
upper right quadrant of the abdomen, has a wide range of functions,
including
detoxification of various metabolites, protein synthesis, and
the production of biochemicals necessary for
digestion -
Regeneration.
Drug reverses signs of Liver Disease in people living with HIV.
Researchers report that the injectable hormone
tesamorelin reduces liver fat and prevents liver fibrosis (scarring)
in people living with HIV.
Fatty Liver Disease is a condition in which
fat builds up in your liver.
Alcoholic
Steatohepatitis is a chronic, progressive liver disease
characterized by thickening and scarring (fibrosis) of the liver as well
as possible death (necrosis) of the liver tissue, brought on by excessive,
prolonged
alcohol use.
Natural compound cruciferous in vegetables helps fight fatty liver disease.
Cabbage, kale, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts.
Bile is a
dark green to yellowish brown fluid,
produced by the liver of most
vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine.
Liver fibrosis 'off switch' discovered in mice. Researchers identified
several genetic switches, or transcription factors, that determine whether
or not liver cells produce collagen -- providing a new therapeutic target
for liver fibrosis.
Fibrosis is the
formation of excess fibrous connective tissue in an organ or tissue in a
reparative or reactive process. This can be a reactive, benign, or
pathological state. In response to injury, this is called
scarring, and if fibrosis arises from a
single cell line, this is called a fibroma. Physiologically, fibrosis acts
to deposit connective tissue, which can interfere with or totally
inhibit the normal architecture and function of
the underlying organ or tissue. Fibrosis can be used to describe
the pathological state of excess deposition of fibrous tissue, as well as
the process of connective tissue deposition in healing. Defined by the
pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, fibrosis
results in scarring and thickening of the affected tissue, it is in
essence an exaggerated wound healing response which interferes with normal
organ function.
Donating Part of your Liver
means the remaining portion of your
liver will grow back after surgery. As little as 30 percent of your
liver can regrow to its original volume. After you donate, your liver
function returns to normal in two to four weeks, and your liver slowly
regrows to nearly its full original volume in about a year. Whether you're
giving away part of your liver or getting a new one, life often goes back
to normal a few months after surgery. By the time you hit the 3-month
mark, your liver will probably reach its normal size and you'll be back to
your regular routine. The liver performs essential, life-sustaining
functions. While you can't live without a liver completely, you can live
with only part of one. Many people can function well with just under half
of their liver. Your liver can also grow back to full size within a matter
of months.
Organ
Transplant.
Why some injured kidneys do not heal. Investigators have discovered a
sensor of kidney healing, opening the door to development of new therapies
to reverse kidney fibrosis. Investigators have discovered why some injured
kidneys heal while others develop scarring that can lead to kidney
failure. Their findings could lead to the development of noninvasive tests
to detect kidney scarring and, eventually, new therapies to reverse the
condition.
Bile is a
fluid that is made and released by the liver and stored in the
gallbladder. Bile helps with digestion. It breaks down fats into fatty
acids, which can be taken into the body by the digestive tract. Bile
contains: Mostly cholesterol.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid or ursodiol, is a secondary bile acid, produced
in humans and most other species from metabolism by intestinal bacteria.
It is synthesized in the liver in some species, and was first identified
in bile of bears of genus Ursus, from which its name derived. In purified
form, it has been used to treat or prevent several diseases of the liver
or bile ducts. UDCA has been used as medical therapy in gallstone disease
(cholelithiasis) and for biliary sludge. UDCA helps reduce the cholesterol
saturation of bile and leads to gradual dissolution of cholesterol-rich
gallstones. UDCA may be given after bariatric surgery to prevent
cholelithiasis, which commonly occurs due to the rapid weight loss
producing biliary cholesterol oversaturation and also biliary dyskinesia
secondary hormonal changes.
Gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your
abdomen, just beneath your liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid
called bile that's released into your small intestine.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of bile that can form in your
gallbladder. Bile is a digestive fluid produced in your liver and stored
in your gallbladder. When you eat, your gallbladder contracts and empties
bile into your small intestine (duodenum).
The liver gets ready when we're hungry and we see and smell food. The
effect on the liver is mediated by a group of nerve cells called POMC
neurons. These neurons are activated within seconds by the sight and smell
of food, signaling the liver to prepare for the incoming nutrients. The
researchers also showed that the activation of POMC neurons alone is
sufficient to adapt the mitochondria in the liver, even in the absence of
food. Stimulated by the activation of a group of nerve cells in the brain,
the mitochondria of the liver cells change and prepare the liver for the
adaptation of the sugar metabolism. The findings could open up new avenues
for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Saliva.
Feces - Shit Happens - What Poo Says About You
Human Faeces are the feces (solid or
semisolid metabolic waste) of the
human digestive system, including
bacteria. They vary significantly in appearance (i.e. size, color,
texture), according to the state of the digestive system, diet and general
health. Normally human feces are semisolid, with a mucus coating. Small
pieces of harder, less moist feces can sometimes be seen impacted on the
distal (leading) end. This is a normal occurrence when a prior
bowel
movement is incomplete, and feces are returned from the rectum to the
intestine, where water is absorbed. In the medical literature, the term
"
stool" is more commonly used than "
feces". Human feces together with
human urine are collectively referred to as human waste or
human excreta. Containing human feces, and
preventing spreading of pathogens from human feces via the fecal–oral
route, are the main goals of sanitation. -
Analyze-Poop.
Stool
Test involves the collection and analysis of fecal matter to diagnose
the presence or absence of a medical condition.
Human Microbes
What someone might say if they need to go to a
toilet: I Got to take a
Dump. Take a Crap. Take a Shit. Take a Number Two. Take care of some
paperwork. Have a bowel movement. Drop a deuce. Pinch off a loaf. Make an
offering to the porcelain throne. I have a turtle head poking out.
Bowl Movement is the final act of
digestion, by which organisms eliminate solid, semisolid, and/or liquid
waste material from the digestive tract via the anus.
Defecation is the elimination of fecal
waste through the anus.
Defecate is to have a bowel movement.
Rectum
is the final section of the large intestine, terminating at the anus.
Anus is the opening at the end of the
alimentary canal through which solid waste matter leaves the body.
Wiping Tips: After you poop, the first
wipe should be the lightest. The first wipe is to make sure there is
nothing dangling. If the first wipe is too hard you might end up spreading
poop around and make a mess. What you see on the first piece of toilet
paper after the first wipe will determine how hard or soft the second wipe
will be. Always end with a hole tap, but not too hard, your finger could
breakthrough the toilet paper very easy. If you are not sure if you got it
all, you may have to wipe again after an hour or so.
SKID MARKS: How To
Wipe Your Butt (According to a Doctor) (youtube)
Skid Marks in your Underwear. Reasons why you might have skid marks in your underwear.
You are not
wiping properly or correctly (use a flushable moist Baby wipe if needed).
You're not
showering after you poop.
Your poop is soft and sticky. (not enough
Fiber). Your butt has a lot of hair.
You sweat a lot. Underwear is too tight. You sit too long on your
toilet. You have hemorrhoids. Fecal or Poop inconsistencies. You
are not completely emptying your bowel.
Toilet Training.
Wiping Your Butt -
Bum Wiping Techniques
-
Clean Anus Bowel Movement -
Bidets One of the main reason adults would have
feces on
their undies is because they do not wipe properly but this is compounded
by the fact that you have soft sticky poop. Solid feces usually exit our
anus with little or no residue for us to wipe unlike soft sticky poop
which cause us to wipe several times and we just cannot seem to get rid of
the mess . To get rid of our soft poop we need to add more soluble and
insoluble fiber to our diet . Fiber helps to increase the bacteria in your
colon and add bulk to your stool which improves the quality of your poop.
Men need an average of 31 to 38 grams of fiber daily and women 21 to 25
grams of fiber daily which we can get from fruits vegetables , oats ,whole
wheat . If you cannot get this amount from your food you can add fiber
supplements such as psyllium and methylcellulose. Fecal inconsistencies
this is the inability to control your bowel movement in most adults it is
temporarily caused by Diarrhea, Constipation, Gas and bloating. While in
other it can be a long term problem caused by a number of issues such as
anxiety , nervousness, damage to their rectum , dementia, IBS and a list
of other underlying diseases . If you are not sure if the cause you should
see your doctor. For the persons aware of their problem the best solution
is to wear sanitary napkins. Wear dark color underwear to hide the stains.
Trying controlling your bowel to come in the morning so you can shower
after using the toilet. This can be done by drinking a large glass of warm
lemon water on an empty stomach in the morning a cup of coffee can also do
the job. Constipation can prevent you from fully emptying your bowel thus
leaving pieces of poop in your rectum. Which can slip out as you start to
sweat and move around. Increase your water intake and also your fiber to
avoid this problem.
Synonyms for Shitting your Pants.
Spray Fart or a
wet fart that has some poop matter mixed in that sometimes makes a mess.
Forcing a fart can
be dangerous.
Fecal
Incontinence is the
inability to control or the lack of control of
bowel movements, causing involuntary loss of stool (feces) to leak
unexpectedly from the rectum, including flatus (gas), liquid stool
elements and mucus, or solid feces. Common causes of fecal incontinence
include diarrhea, constipation, and muscle or nerve damage in some forms
encopresis, which is a lack of control over defecation, leading to
involuntary loss of bowel contents.
Toilets -
Best Toilet Positions (PDF) -
Squatty Potty
Anal Cleansing is the hygienic practice
that a person performs on the anal area of himself or herself after
defecation. The anus and buttocks may be either washed with liquids or
wiped with toilet paper or other solid materials. In many Muslim, Hindu
and Sikh cultures, as well as Southeast Asia, water is usually used for
anal cleansing using a jet, as with a bidet, or splashed and washed with
the hand. Some people follow this up with toilet paper afterwards for
drying purposes.
How Often should I Change my Underwear?
It's definitely relevant. Change your underwear after intense physical
activity and before going out for social events, and right after shower.
You should change your underwear on a daily basis, unless you are pooping
clean and you're not sweating too much. You might get 2 or 3 days.
How often should I replace my underwear?
Consider fully replacing your underwear once a year if you are a hard
worker. Stained underwear should be thrown out. Underwear should be
replaced every year for health reasons to reduce the risk of urinary
tract and other infections. A 3 week supply is around 20 pairs of
underwear. You need at least 14 pairs if you launder your clothes once a
week. A pair for each day of the week and backups for exercise or travel.
Laxative are substances that loosen
stools and increase bowel movements. They are used to treat and prevent
constipation, which refers to bowel movements that are infrequent or
hard to pass.
Suppository is a solid dosage form that is inserted into the rectum
(rectal suppository), vagina (vaginal suppository) or urethra (urethral
suppository), where it dissolves or melts and exerts local or systemic
effects. Suppositories are used to deliver both systemically and
locally acting medications.
Enemas -
Cleansing the Inside
How often
should I Pee and Poo?
Constipation refers to
bowel movements that are infrequent or hard to
pass. The stool is often hard and dry. Other symptoms may include
abdominal pain, bloating, and feeling as if one has not completely passed
the bowel movement. Complications from constipation may include
hemorrhoids, anal fissure or fecal impaction.
The normal frequency of
bowel movements in adults is between three per day and three per week.
(I poop once a day in the morning before my shower, and some days I poop
twice). Babies often have three to four bowel movements per day while young
children typically have two to three per day. I poop once everyday in the
morning after
coffee,
and sometimes twice in one day.
Microbes -
Fiber -
Gas -
Digestive Tract
Robotic device restores wavelike muscular function involved in processes
like digestion, aiding patients with compromised organs. A team of
researchers has developed a wirelessly activated device that mimics the
wavelike muscular function in the esophagus and small intestine
responsible for transporting food and viscous fluids for digestion. The
soft-robotic prototype, which is driven by strong magnets controlled by a
wearable external actuator, can aid patients suffering from blockages
caused by tumors or those requiring stents.
How to Massage your colon Out Your Stuck Poop | FIX CONSTIPATION. (youtube)
Diarrhea is the condition of having at
least three loose or liquid bowel movements each day. It often lasts for a
few days and can result in dehydration due to fluid loss. Signs of
dehydration often begin with loss of the normal stretchiness of the skin
and irritable behaviour. This can progress to decreased urination, loss of
skin color, a fast heart rate, and a decrease in responsiveness as it
becomes more severe. Loose but non-watery stools in babies who are
breastfed, however, may be normal.
Viruses.
Amoebiasis is an infection caused by any of the amoebas of the
Entamoeba group. Symptoms are most common during infection by Entamoeba
histolytica. Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms.
Symptoms may include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, or bloody diarrhea.
Complications can include inflammation of the colon with tissue death or
perforation, which may result in peritonitis. People affected may develop
anemia due to loss of blood.
Food Safety -
Food Poison
Dysentery
is a type of gastroenteritis that results in
diarrhea with blood. Other symptoms may include fever, abdominal pain, and
a feeling of incomplete defecation. It is caused by a number of types of
infection such as
bacteria, viruses, parasitic worms, or protozoa. The
mechanism is an inflammatory disorder of the intestine, especially of the
colon.
Dysentery
Kills 700,000 children a year.
Cholera
is an infection of the small intestine by some strains of the bacterium
Vibrio cholerae. Symptoms may range from none, to mild, to severe. The
classic symptom is large amounts of watery diarrhea that lasts a few days.
Vomiting and muscle cramps may also occur. Diarrhea can be so severe that
it leads within hours to severe
dehydration and
electrolyte imbalance. This may result in sunken eyes, cold skin,
decreased skin elasticity, and wrinkling of the hands and feet.
Dehydration can cause the skin to turn bluish. Symptoms start two hours to
five days after exposure. Prevention methods against cholera include
improved sanitation and access to clean water.
Cholera affects an estimated 3–5 million people worldwide and causes
28,800–130,000 deaths a year. There were 1,207,596 suspected cases of
cholera in Yemen between April 2017 and April 2018. The total estimated
number of cholera cases worldwide ranges from 1.4 million to 4 million.
Clean Water.
Cryptosporidium or Trichinella is a genus of apicomplexan parasitic
alveolates that can cause a respiratory and gastrointestinal illness
(cryptosporidiosis) that primarily involves watery diarrhea (intestinal
cryptosporidiosis), sometimes with a persistent cough (respiratory
cryptosporidiosis). Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the
parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis (C. cayetanensis). Watery diarrhea.
Some people who have a strong
gastrocolic reflex have a
bowel movement the minute you feed them, and
it's a normal response from them. Others
have a bowel movement every day or every
other day or so, it varies.
Typhoid Mary was an Irish-born cook believed to have infected 53
people, three of whom died, with typhoid fever, and the first person in
the United States identified as an asymptomatic carrier of the disease.
Because she persisted in working as a cook, by which she exposed others to
the disease, she was twice forcibly quarantined by authorities, and died
after a total of nearly three decades in isolation. Mary Mallon (September
23, 1869 – November 11, 1938).
Typhoid Fever is a bacterial infection due to a specific type of
Salmonella that causes symptoms. Spreads through the fecal-oral route.
Fecal-Oral Route describes a particular route of transmission of a
disease wherein pathogens in fecal particles pass from one person to the
mouth of another person. Main causes of fecal–oral disease transmission
include lack of adequate sanitation (leading to open defecation), and poor
hygiene practices. If soil or
water
bodies are polluted with fecal material, humans can be infected with
waterborne diseases or soil-transmitted diseases. Fecal contamination of
food is another form of fecal-oral transmission.
Washing hands properly after changing a baby's diaper or after
performing anal hygiene can prevent foodborne illness from spreading. The
common factors in the fecal-oral route can be summarized as five Fs:
fingers, flies, fields, fluids, and food. Diseases caused by fecal-oral
transmission include diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, polio and hepatitis.
Pelvic Floor
Training (youtube) -
Bladder and Bowel Foundation
Dyssynergia is any disturbance of muscular coordination, resulting in
uncoordinated and abrupt movements.
Precision insights can be found in wastewater. Scientists have
developed a machine learning model that uses the assortment of microbes
found in wastewater to tease out how many individual people they
represent. Before you could look for a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and
the number of people with COVID, researchers had to figure out how many
people were represented in the water they were testing.
Fecal Transplants - Poo Therapy
Fecal Bacterio-Therapy or
Fecal Microbiota
Transplant or FMT, is also known as a
Stool
Transplant, is the process of transplantation of fecal bacteria
from a healthy individual into a recipient. FMT involves restoration of
the
colonic microflora by
introducing healthy bacterial flora through infusion of stool, e.g. by
colonoscopy, enema, orogastric tube or by mouth in the form of a capsule
containing freeze-dried material, obtained from a healthy donor. The
effectiveness of FMT has been established in clinical trials for the
treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), whose effects can
range from diarrhea to pseudomembranous colitis. Due to an epidemic of CDI
in North America and Europe, FMT has gained increasing prominence, with
some experts calling for it to become first-line therapy for CDI. In 2013
a randomized, controlled trial of FMT from healthy donors showed it to be
highly effective in treating recurrent C. difficile in adults, and more
effective than vancomycin alone. FMT has been used experimentally to treat
other gastrointestinal diseases, including colitis, constipation,
irritable bowel syndrome, and neurological conditions such as multiple
sclerosis and Parkinson's. In the United States, the Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) has regulated human feces as an experimental drug
since 2013. Transplants can be 90% effective.
Stool Donation -
Open Biome -
Microbiota
Fecal transplants could one day be used to restore cognitive decline among
the elderly. A new study shows how fecal transplants from older to
younger mice altered their gut microbiome, which in turn impacted their
spatial learning and memory.
Fecal transplantation can restore the gut microbiota of C-section babies.
Fecal Microbial Transplants show lack of predictability when no prior
antibiotic treatment is given to recipient. This finding suggests utility
of treatments before fecal microbial transplants to reduce recipient
microbial communities. This would help donor microbial strains dominate in
the recipient. Fecal microbial transplants have been given to alter a
recipient's metabolism to reduce obesity or alter immunity to fight
cancer, and in those transplants recipients are not given suppressive
antibiotics to eliminate the microbial community prior to the transplant.
Researchers now report there is a lack of predictability for fecal
microbial transplants to change the gut microbial community to correspond
to that of the donor when there is no preconditioning to reduce the
recipient microbe community. This contrasts with the C. difficile fecal
microbial transplants after suppressive antibiotic therapy, where stable
long-term colonization of donor strains is seen as long as two years
post-transplant.
Bacterial Strains that could treat antibiotic-resistant gut infections.
Researchers have isolated 18 bacterial strains from stool from healthy
people that could potentially be a more effective treatment for
antibiotic-resistant gut infections.
The team found that these strains suppress the growth of
Enterobacteriaceae and alleviate inflammation in the guts of mice by
competing with the harmful bacteria for carbohydrates and preventing them
from colonizing the intestine. The findings could lead to the development
of a microbial transplant for patients that manages antibiotic-resistant
bacteria in a more targeted way and with fewer side effects than current
treatments. Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections often occur in
patients with chronic inflammatory intestinal conditions, such as
inflammatory bowel disease, and in patients who have taken antibiotics for
a long time. Gram-negative bacteria such as Enterobacteriaceae are a
common cause of these infections and have few treatment options. Fecal
microbiota transplants have shown promise to curb some of these
infections, but their composition varies between batches and they aren't
always successful.
Personalized Donor Selection. Durable coexistence of donor and
recipient strains after fecal
Microbiota transplantation.
Leaky Gut
Syndrome -
Intestinal Permeability is the opening of intercellular tight
junctions (increased intestinal permeability) can allow passage of
microbes, microbial products,
and foreign antigens into the mucosa and the body proper. This can result
in activation of the
immune system and
secretion of inflammatory mediators.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a group of inflammatory conditions of
the
colon and small intestine.
Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are the principal types of
inflammatory bowel disease. It is important to note that not only does
Crohn's disease affect the small intestine and large intestine, it can
also affect the mouth, esophagus, stomach and the anus whereas ulcerative
colitis primarily affects the colon and the rectum.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a group of symptoms—including abdominal
pain and changes in the pattern of bowel movements without any evidence of
underlying damage.
How a gut infection may produce chronic symptoms. A bout of intestinal
distress like traveler's diarrhea leads to irritable bowel syndrome.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth. SIBO is defined as excessive
bacteria in the small intestine. Patients with SIBO vary in presentation,
from being only mildly symptomatic to suffering from chronic diarrhea,
weight loss, and malabsorption.
Research reveals how a common bacterium may spread from the intestine.
A typical gut bacterium that can spread through the body and cause a
serious infection resists natural immune defenses and antibiotics by
enhancing its protective outer layer, known as the cell envelope,
according to a new study. The finding suggests possible new ways to target
these bacterial infections. The research, published Nov. 10 in mBio,
illuminates some of the underlying changes that may occur when
Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) populations move through the
epithelial cells lining of the intestine and escape to reach other body
sites.
Crohn's Disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that may
affect any part of the
gastrointestinal
tract from mouth to anus. Signs and symptoms often include abdominal
pain, diarrhea (which may be bloody if inflammation is severe), fever, and
weight loss. Other complications may occur outside the gastrointestinal
tract and include anemia, skin rashes, arthritis, inflammation of the eye,
and tiredness. The skin rashes may be due to infections as well as
pyoderma gangrenosum or erythema nodosum. Bowel obstruction may occur as a
complication of chronic inflammation, and those with the disease are at
greater risk of bowel cancer.
Hemorrhoid also called piles, are
vascular structures in the anal canal. In their normal state, they are
cushions that help with stool control. They become a disease when swollen
or inflamed; the unqualified term "hemorrhoid" is often used to mean the
disease. The signs and symptoms of hemorrhoids depend on the type present.
Internal hemorrhoids usually present with painless, bright red rectal
bleeding when defecating. External hemorrhoids often result in pain and
swelling in the area of the anus. If bleeding occurs it is usually darker.
Symptoms frequently get better after a few days. A skin tag may remain
after the healing of an external hemorrhoid.
Pruritus Ani is the irritation of the
skin at the exit of the rectum, known as the anus, causing the desire to
scratch. The intensity of anal itching increases from moisture, pressure,
and rubbing caused by clothing and sitting. At worst, anal itching causes
intolerable discomfort that often is accompanied by burning and soreness.
It is estimated that up to 5% of the population of the United States
experiences this type of discomfort daily.
Anus is an opening at the opposite end
of an animal's digestive tract from the mouth. Its function is to control
the expulsion of feces, unwanted semi-solid matter produced during
digestion, which, depending on the type of animal, may include: matter
which the animal cannot digest, such as bones; food material after all the
nutrients have been extracted, for example cellulose or lignin; ingested
matter which would be toxic if it remained in the digestive tract; and
dead or excess gut bacteria and other endosymbionts.
Proctology is the branch of medicine
dealing with the pathology of and surgery upon the colon, rectum and anus.
Colonoscopy is the endoscopic
examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with
a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the
anus. It can provide a visual diagnosis (e.g. ulceration, polyps) and
grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected colorectal
cancer lesions. Colonoscopy can remove polyps as small as one millimetre
or less. Once polyps are removed, they can be studied with the aid of a
microscope to determine if they are precancerous or not. It can take up to
15 years for a polyp to turn cancerous.
Colorectal Surgery is a field in
medicine, dealing with disorders of the rectum, anus, and colon. The field
is also known as proctology, but the latter term is now used infrequently
within medicine, and is most often employed to identify practices relating
to the anus and rectum in particular.
Digestion Tract.
Fecal Immunochemical Test is designed to detect the protein
hemoglobin, which is found in red blood cells. People who test positive
with the FIT need to get a colonoscopy to determine whether they have
cancer or pre-cancerous lesions. But those who test negative only need to
keep getting the FIT each year to make sure they don’t develop
colon cancer.
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorder
include a number of separate idiopathic disorders which affect different
parts of the
gastrointestinal tract
and involve visceral hypersensitivity and impaired gastrointestinal
motility. Heightened mast cell activation is a common factor among all
FGIDs that contributes to visceral hypersensitivity as well as epithelial,
neuromuscular, and motility dysfunction.
Meta-genomic analysis of toilet waste
from long distance flights; a step towards global surveillance of
infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance.
The Surprisingly Charming Science of your Gut (video and text)
Electrical Power of Poo
-
Waste Energy