Emotions

Emotion is a physical feeling in the body, something that can be sensed and interpreted in the mind and then sometimes be expressed as happiness, sadness, anger, fear, love, epiphanies, and many other types of feelings. An emotion is a roller-coaster and a sanctuary that is rolled up into one amazing experience.

Emotion Regulation - Mood Swings - Drama - Emotional Memories - Hormones - Primal Brain - Stimulation - No Emotions - Mind



Emotions are biological states associated with the nervous system brought on by neurophysiological changes that are associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses, and have a degree of pleasure or displeasure. An emotion is a brief conscious experience that is characterized by intense mental activity. A feeling that results in physical and psychological changes that influence our behavior. Emotion is a natural instinctive state of mind deriving from one's circumstances, mood, or relationships with others. An instinctive or intuitive feeling as distinguished from reasoning or knowledge. Emotions can cause thoughts that can make you physically feel something in your body, and emotions can make your body make you feel something in your mind by influencing the thoughts that you could have. So some of the emotions that we feel can be self influenced and self defeating, especially when the information that creates the emotion is false or misunderstood.

Reticular Activating System is a bundle of nerves that sits in your brainstem. And its job is to regulate behavioral arousal, consciousness and motivation. The reticular neurons also project through the hypothalamus up to the level of the basal forebrain. In the mesencephalon, they discharge at their highest rate in association with fast cortical activity that occurs during both wakefulness and rapid eye movement or REM sleep. Reticular Formation is a set of interconnected nuclei in the brainstem that spans from the lower end of the medulla oblongata to the upper end of the midbrain. The neurons of the reticular formation make up a complex set of neural networks in the core of the brainstem. It is not anatomically well defined, because it includes neurons located in different parts of the brain. Parabrachial Nuclei or the parabrachial complex, are a group of nuclei in the dorsolateral pons that surrounds the superior cerebellar peduncle as it enters the brainstem from the cerebellum. Split Brain.

Emotions are an automatic response to an experience or an automatic response caused by memories of an experience. You can't make yourself feel happy or sad or fearful, unless you're acting, which makes those emotions unnatural and not genuine. And since emotions are mostly subjective, emotions are not always accurate. And behaviors that are controlled or triggered by emotions, can also be inaccurate. Being mindful of your emotions and behaviors is the only way to control and manage your emotions and behaviors, which takes practice and also takes a lot of learning about what emotions are and learning about how behaviors are formed. Our emotions are processed in several regions in the brain and the  limbic system. Mammal brains also have an outer layer called a cortex, which helps us control our emotions and make complex decisions.

Intrinsic is situated within or belonging solely to the organ or body part on which it acts.

Extrinsic is something originating from the outside. Not happening within.

Ambivalence is the state of having mixed feelings and emotions or contradictory ideas about something or someone. A state of having simultaneous conflicting reactions, beliefs, or feelings towards some object.

Secondary Emotions are emotional reactions that we have to other emotions or the emotions that we have in response to having a primary emotion.

Fervent is characterized by intense emotion. Ardent is characterized by intense emotion or strong enthusiasm.

Rapture is a state of being carried away by overwhelming emotion. A state of elated bliss.

Our Emotional State in a given moment may influence what we see. We do not passively detect information in the world and then react to it, we construct perceptions of the world as the architects of our own experience. Information Bubble.

"When you don't practice self control and awareness, then emotions can be like having a split personality."

Reading something that you don't agree with: Words do not create emotions or cause emotions, people create emotions, which means that people can choose not to create emotions. Think and process information, don't feel it. Expressing emotions says that you are not thinking or processing the words, you are just reacting to those words emotionally. Don't just feel things, think about things. You have to learn how to control your feelings, and learn how to think about things carefully and analyze information accurately. Emotions are good, not thinking is bad. There are lots of sayings that try to explain how important it is not to overreact, like "Don't let things get under your skin", "don't let things go to your head", don't jump to conclusions", and so on and so on. Two Sides to a Coin.

Study finds older adults less distracted by negative information. The way our attention is distracted by emotion differs between younger and older adults. USC researchers looked at 'emotion-induced blindness,' which refers to distractions caused by emotionally arousing stimuli. In four experiments using a quickly presented sequence of images, they examined how older adults prioritize emotional information. They found both younger and older adults demonstrated emotion-induced blindness, but older adults were more distracted by positive information and less distracted by negative information. Emotion Induced Blindness is More Sensitive to Changes in Arousal As Compared to Valence of the Emotional Distractor. Emotional visual scenes are such powerful attractors of attention that they can disrupt perception of other stimuli that appear soon afterward, an effect known as emotion-induced blindness.

Mood in psychology is an emotional state. Mood differs from emotions, feelings, or affects less specific, intense and likely to be triggered by a particular stimulus or event. Moods are typically described as having either a positive or negative valence. In other words, people usually speak of being in a good mood or a bad mood. Feeling bad does not mean that things are bad, and feeling good does not mean that everything is good. It is an interpretation of a feeling. And accurately interpreting that feeling can sometimes be subjective. Food and energy levels can effect our moods, so can our thoughts, and not sleeping enough. Body and Mind.

Valence in psychology means the intrinsic attractiveness/"good"-ness (positive valence) or averseness/"bad"-ness (negative valence) of an event, object, or situation. Emotions popularly referred to as "negative", such as anger and fear, have negative valence. Joy has positive valence. Positively valenced emotions are evoked by positively valenced events, objects, or situations. The term is also used to describe the hedonic tone of feelings, affect, certain behaviors (for example, approach and avoidance), goal attainment or nonattainment, and conformity with or violation of norms. Ambivalence can be viewed as conflict between positive and negative valence-carriers, or having mixed feelings or emotions.

Are mixed emotions real? New research says yes. Neuroscientists found that brains display distinct neural activity when experiencing emotions such as bitter-sweetness. The advance could help solve a longstanding scientific debate: whether 'mixed emotions' arise from unique activity in the brain, or if we're just flip-flopping back and forth between positive and negative feelings. Mixed feelings elicited unique neural activity in the amygdala and nucleus accumbens areas of the brain. This activity was different than the brain activity seen when a subject reported a purely positive or negative emotion. Particular regions of the brain, like the insular cortex, displayed significant changes as subjects reported an emotional transition.

Self Regulation - Controlling Emotions

Emotional Self-Regulation or regulation of emotion is the ability to respond to the ongoing demands of experience with the range of emotions in a manner that is socially tolerable and sufficiently flexible to permit spontaneous reactions as well as the ability to delay spontaneous reactions as needed. It can also be defined as extrinsic and intrinsic processes responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and modifying emotional reactions. Emotion self-regulation belongs to the broader set of emotion-regulation processes, which includes the regulation of one's own feelings and the regulation of other people's feelings. Emotional regulation is a complex process that involves initiating, inhibiting, or modulating one's state or behavior in a given situation – for example the subjective experience (feelings), cognitive responses (thoughts), emotion-related physiological responses (for example heart rate or hormonal activity), and emotion-related behavior (bodily actions or expressions). Functionally, emotional regulation can also refer to processes such as the tendency to focus one's attention to a task and the ability to suppress inappropriate behavior under instruction. Emotional regulation is a highly significant function in human life. Every day, people are continually exposed to a wide variety of potentially arousing stimuli. Inappropriate, extreme or unchecked emotional reactions to such stimuli could impede functional fit within society; therefore, people must engage in some form of emotion regulation almost all of the time. Generally speaking, emotional dysregulation has been defined as difficulties in controlling the influence of emotional arousal on the organization and quality of thoughts, actions, and interactions. Individuals who are emotionally dysregulated exhibit patterns of responding in which there is a mismatch between their goals, responses, and/or modes of expression, and the demands of the social environment. For example, there is a significant association between emotion dysregulation and symptoms of depression, anxiety, eating pathology, and substance abuse. Higher levels of emotion regulation are likely to be related to both high levels of social competence and the expression of socially appropriate emotions.

Being able to control your own emotions, cognition and behaviors is an important predictor of school readiness and early school achievement. Emotions are negotiable, as long as you know how to negotiate and know who you're negotiating with.

Mindful - Anger Management - Meta-Emotion - Will Power - Breathing - Music - Emotional Memories - Good Vibrations

If you feel angry or mad, start singing a song that you like or hum your favorite song. If you feel burned out, take a walk, especially a walk in nature. If you're overthinking or thinking too much about something, start writing about something or write a letter to someone. If you feel anxious, do some diaphragm breathing exercises. Focus on your breathing and nothing else. If you feel stressed, you should exercise and workout, or do some work around the house, do something that will make you feel good about accomplishing. If you feel impatient, think about the progress you made so far and how far you have already come. If you feel sad, then start feeling gratitude and appreciation for the things you have. If you feel lazy, then take a cold shower or take a dip in cold water.

Emotion Work is the process of trying to change an emotion or feeling in some degree or quality. Emotion work may be defined as the management of one's own feelings, or the work done in an effort to maintain a relationship.

Emotional Labor is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job. Workers are expected to regulate their personas during interactions with customers, co-workers, clients, and managers. This includes analysis and decision-making in terms of the expression of emotion, whether actually felt or not, as well as its opposite: the suppression of emotions that are felt but not expressed.

Emotional Reappraisal is an antecedent-focused strategy that is aimed at modifying the emotional meaning and impact of a situation that elicits emotion. Reframing the meaning of a situation to alter its emotional impact. Cognitive reappraisals involve changing the meaning of the situation without changing it objectively. Antecedent-focused emotion regulation occurs before or during the emotion experience. Antecedent-focused strategies occur when we alter the eliciting event (situation selection, situation modification) or when we alter our cognitions (attention deployment, cognitive change). Situation selection is the strategy that occurs earliest in the emotion experience, whereas cognitive change occurs later in the emotion experience. 

Putting feelings into words: Affect labeling disrupts amygdala activity in response to affective stimuli. It can disrupt the activity in your limbic system. Allows you to instead activate the right ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, the more reasonable part of your brain, which reduces the intensity of your emotions. Putting Feelings Into Words: Affect Labeling as Implicit Emotion Regulation.

Psychological Flexibility as a Fundamental Aspect of Health. Satisfaction of basic psychological needs for belonging, competence, and autonomy have been seen as the cornerstones of psychological health.

How the Experience of Emotion is Modulated by Facial Feedback. Facial actions modulate subjective experiences of emotion. People who changed their facial expressions to appear happier felt more positive emotions as a result.

One of the greatest strengths a person can have is emotional stability. If a person can have no anxiety and have no paranoia, and can have a clear understanding of the reality of their situation, and stays composed under pressure and doesn't over react, they can be incredibly strong willed.

Emotional Baggage is when a person has unresolved issues and carries disappointments, wrongs, and trauma of the past with them, which could resurface and reveal themselves in
unpredictable moments, sometimes irrelevant or for no reason. Emotional Blackmail.

Emotions should not control your thinking, your thinking should control your emotions. Emotions are feelings, and feelings are not an accurate measurement of what is good, bad, right or wrong, because feelings are emotions, and emotions are not one of the human senses, so they are not a tool that can be used to determine reality. Thinking is the most accurate method humans have to determine reality. This is why you must not let your emotions control your thinking. You must ask yourself, are my emotions controlling my thoughts or are my thoughts controlling my emotions? Remember, physical changes in the human body can cause certain emotions, but only thinking can determine if those physical changes are a danger or just a non-threatening reaction. Don't confuse emotions with premonitions or other forms of awareness.

Emotional Competence refers to one's ability to express or release one's inner feelings or emotions. It implies an ease around others and determines one's ability to effectively and successfully lead and express. It is described as the essential social skills to recognize, interpret, and respond constructively to emotions in yourself and others.

Emotional Competency - Assessments - Crime of Passion

Emotional Intelligence is the capacity of individuals to recognize their own, and other people's emotions, to discriminate between different feelings and label them appropriately, and to use emotional information to guide thinking and behavior, and adjust emotions to adapt to environments.

Emotional Intelligence Skills (PDF) - Self Smart - Empathy - Coping - Anger Management - Staying Calm - Self Control - Being Prepared - Resilience

Social-Emotional Learning or SEL is the process of developing self-awareness, social awareness, relationship skills, interpersonal skills, self-control, self-management, positive self-talk, and responsible decision-making. People with strong social-emotional skills are better able to cope with everyday challenges and benefit academically, professionally, and socially. Social Emotional Learning.

Intrapersonal Intelligence  or Self Smart - Interpersonal intelligence or People Smart) - Social Learning - Social Intelligence

Think with your Heart and not just think with your head. Thinking with your heart is to have intelligent compassion where you're not over reacting or over thinking a problem, because you can't control everything. Your heart is your center and your compass and a life stabilizer.

Emotional Reasoning is a cognitive process by which a person concludes that his/her emotional reaction proves something is true, regardless of the observed evidence.

Bias - Cognitive Reframing - Body Mind Connections.

Regulation of Emotion describes ways that people attempt to regulate their emotions, for instance by denying, intensifying, weakening, curtailing, masking, or completely hiding them. Emotion regulation can also be described as the process in which people modify their emotional reactions—the coping processes that increase or decrease the intensity of the moment.

Emotional Literacy is made up of ‘the ability to understand your emotions, the ability to listen to others and empathize with their emotions, and the ability to express emotions productively. To be emotionally literate is to be able to handle emotions in a way that improves your personal power and improves the quality of life around you. Emotional literacy improves relationships, creates loving possibilities between people, makes co-operative work possible, and facilitates the feeling of community.

The meaning of emotions may differ around the world. Scientists found that emotions have different meanings across 2,474 spoken languages, but that there are universal sources of structure.

Self-Regulation Theory is a system of conscious personal management that involves the process of guiding one's own thoughts, behaviors, and feelings to reach goals. Self-regulation consists of several stages, and individuals must function as contributors to their own motivation, behavior, and development within a network of reciprocally interacting influences.

Interpersonal Emotion Regulation refers to the deliberate influence of others' feelings. Examples include trying to cheer up a friend who is upset, trying to make your partner feel guilty for neglecting you, or trying to calm a stressed coworker. These examples illustrate that interpersonal emotion regulation may be used to make others feel better or worse, although making others feel better appears to be far more common. Interpersonal emotion regulation refers to the process of trying to influence the way another person or persons feel. It is sometimes termed extrinsic emotion regulation or interpersonal emotion management. Fear.

Cognitive Control Training for emotion-related impulsivity. Many forms of psychopathology are tied to a heightened tendency to respond impulsively to strong emotions, and this tendency, in turn, is closely tied to problems with cognitive control. Analysis of neural activity in the hippocampus during CCT confirmed the mice were using relevant information for avoiding shock and ignoring the rotating distractions in the vicinity of the shock.

Dial it Down is to make something less forceful or extreme, or lessen the amount, or the intensity, or the degree of something. To adjust the control on an electrical device so as to reduce the level of sound, light or heat that is produced.

Not allowing emotions to interfere with reasoning or awareness can be a positive behavior, which allows a person to react calmly to highly emotional circumstances or individuals. Emotional detachment in this sense is a decision to avoid engaging emotional connections, rather than an inability or difficulty in doing so, typically for personal, social, or other reasons. In this sense it can allow people to maintain boundaries, psychic integrity and avoid undesired impact by or upon others, related to emotional demands. As such it is a deliberate mental attitude which avoids engaging the emotions of others. This detachment does not necessarily mean avoiding empathy; rather it allows the person space needed to rationally choose whether or not to be overwhelmed or manipulated by such feelings. Examples where this is used in a positive sense might include emotional boundary management, where a person avoids emotional levels of engagement related to people who are in some way emotionally overly demanding, such as difficult co-workers or relatives, or is adopted to aid the person in helping others such as a person who trains himself to ignore the "pleading" food requests of a dieting spouse, or indifference by parents towards a child's begging.

Inhibitory is hindering or preventing an action, or slowing down or preventing a process, reaction, or function.

Emotional Inhibition is the unhealthy suppression of emotions and behaviors that can lead to feeling numb and empty. Repression usually refers to the tendency to avoid uncomfortable feelings. You unconsciously push painful feelings, thoughts, or memories out of your consciousness. This lets you forget them. You may do this for fear of damaging your positive self-image. Repressed emotions are feelings a person has unconsciously avoided, ignored, or blocked. A person may have no idea they hold these feelings. These are unprocessed emotions that need to be recognized as just emotions, because these emotions are not who you are, and emotions do not define you. Mindfulness is a great way to process emotions and a great way to control and understand your emotions.

Experiential Dynamic Psychotherapy is a therapeutic method that teaches patients to identify the defenses and inhibitory emotions that prevent us from being in touch with our core emotions, such as shame, anxiety, and guilt. AEDP psychotherapy is an approach that seeks to alleviate patients' psychological suffering by helping them process the overwhelming emotions associated with trauma in a way that facilitates corrective emotional and relational experiences that mobilize positive changes in our neuroplastic brains that can be influenced by conditioning. Talk therapy that aims to help people overcome trauma, loss, or other serious emotional challenges.

Researchers map how the brain regulates emotions. Study identifies multiple emotion regulation systems, providing targets for therapy. A new study is among the first of its kind to separate activity relating to emotion generation from emotion regulation in the human brain. The findings provide new insights that could help inform therapeutic treatments regarding mental health and drug addiction.

You need to separate your emotional feelings from objective information processing. Mindful information processing. Filtering out the noise without ignoring all the signals. Your noise filter is your level of knowledge and experience that gives you the ability to accurately interpret signals. And you should process signals on multiple levels, with high level processing being the most important. You need a base, your core beliefs, your foundation, and a moral compass. A good foundation must be maintained. You need to fix the cracks in your reasoning, and stop the leaks that manipulate you or distract you. You don't want things eating away at you. So you need to make repairs now and then and make upgrades. The more you learn, the more you see.

Cathartic is emotionally purging or an act of removing by cleansing and ridding of undesired elements or impurities. Make pure or free from sin or guilt. Cathartic can also mean a strong laxative that stimulates evacuation of the bowels.

Catharsis is the purification and purgation of emotions—particularly pity and fear—through art or any extreme change in emotion that results in renewal and restoration. Not the same as apathy.

Lethargic (fatigue) - Emotionless

You don't suppress your feelings, you just stop causing certain feelings from happening and interfering with reality. And this is done when you recognized that those particular feelings are false signals, and that those feelings are created by you subconsciously. But you have to be aware of those feelings and make those changes manually, because recognizing those types of false signals is not an automatic function of the mind. So you need to correct them yourself, because they will not correct themselves on their own. Adaptation is not an automatic function, if it were, then nothing would go extinct because everything would just adapt, and then what? So you see, it's you, you are the most important thing in life. That is why you must understand learning. Learning is like a never ending power supply. But you have to feed it with knowledge and information. Life is about input and output, and humans are not exempt from the responsibility of maintaining our existence. We have been doing this from the beginning. And that is why every single person is alive today. Because we Learn. So it has worked so far so good, but not far enough and not good enough. But we are getting there.

Principle of Constancy is the general principle that psychic forces and energies tend to remain in a steady or balanced state or tend to seek a return to a state of balance or of decreased energy. The principle of psychic functioning that seeks to maintain the quantity of excitation contained in the apparatus at a low or constant level. This is accomplished through a discharge of the energy present in the apparatus or by avoiding its augmentation.

How the brain balances emotion and reason. Navigating through life requires balancing emotion and reason, a feat accomplished by the brain region 'area 32' of the anterior cingulate cortex. The area maintains emotional equilibrium by relaying information between cognitive and emotional brain regions, according to new research. Using bidirectional neuron tracers to visualize the connections between the DLPFC, area 25, and area 32, a potential middleman, in rhesus monkeys. The DLPFC connects to the deepest layers of area 32, where the strongest inhibitory neurons reside. Area 32 connects to every layer of area 25, positioning it as a powerful regulator of area 25 activity. In healthy brains, the DLPFC signals to area 32 to balance area 25 activity, allowing emotional equilibrium. But in depression, silence from the DLPFC results in too much area 25 activity and out-of-control emotional processing.

Individuals regulate their emotions in a wide variety of ways. In the present review it has been addressed the issue of whether some forms of emotion regulation are healthier than others by focusing on two commonly used emotion regulation strategies: cognitive reappraisal (changing the way one thinks about potentially emotion-eliciting events) and expressive suppression (changing the way one behaviorally responds to emotion-eliciting events). In the first section, experimental findings showing that cognitive reappraisal has a healthier profile of short-term affective, cognitive, and social consequences than expressive suppression are briefly reported. In the second section, individual-difference findings are reviewed showing that using cognitive reappraisal to regulate emotions is associated with healthier patterns of affect, social functioning, and well-being than is using expressive suppression. Finally, brain structural basis and functional activation linked to the habitual usage of cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression are discussed in detail.

Cognitive Appraisal is the subjective interpretation made by an individual to stimuli in the environment. Cognitive appraisal is defined as the way in which an individual responds to and interprets stressors in life.

Expressive Suppression is a response-focused emotion regulation strategy involves an individual voluntarily suppressing their outward emotional expressions. Expressive suppression involves reducing facial expression and controlling positive and negative feelings of emotion. This type of emotion regulation strategy can have negative emotional and psychological effects on individuals. Emotional suppression reduces expressive behavior significantly. As many researchers have concluded, though emotional suppression decreases outward expressive emotions, it does not decrease our negative feelings and emotional arousal (Niedenthal 2006). Different forms of emotion regulation affect our response trajectory of emotions. We target situations for regulation by the process of selecting the situations we are exposed to or by modifying the situation we are in. Emotion suppression relates to the behavioral component of emotion. Expressive suppression has physiological influences such as decreasing heart rate, increasing blood pressure, and increasing sympathetic activation (Dan-Glauser & Gross, 2011). Expressive suppression requires self-control. We use self-control when handling our emotion-based expressions in public.

Emotional Thought Method develops a group of activities that can be used in a personal or group-oriented way for developing Emotional Intelligence.

Emotional Freedom Techniques is a form of counseling intervention that draws on various theories of alternative medicine including acupuncture, neuro-linguistic programming, energy medicine, and Thought Field Therapy (TFT).

Thought Field Therapy is specialized "tapping" with the fingers at meridian points on the upper body and hands.

Arousal is the physiological and psychological state of being awake.

Reticular Formation includes neurons located in diverse parts of the brain that play a crucial role in maintaining behavioral arousal and consciousness.

Physiology is how organisms, organ systems, organs, cells, and biomolecules carry out the chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system, A sub-discipline of biology, its focus is in is the scientific study of the normal function in living systems.

Psychology is the study of behavior and mind, embracing all aspects of conscious and unconscious experience as well as thought.

Where do Emotions come from? You create them (youtube)

James-Lange Theory refers to a hypothesis on the origin and nature of emotions and is one of the earliest theories of emotion within modern psychology. It was developed independently by two 19th-century scholars, William James and Carl Lange. The basic premise of the theory is that physiological arousal instigates the experience of emotion. Instead of feeling an emotion and subsequent physiological (bodily) response, the theory proposes that the physiological change is primary, and emotion is then experienced when the brain reacts to the information received via the body's nervous system. It proposes that each specific emotion is attached to a unique and different pattern of physiological arousal and emotional behavior in reaction due to an exciting stimulus. The theory has been criticised and modified over the course of time, as one of several competing theories of emotion. Modern theorists have built on its ideas by proposing that the experience of emotion is modulated by both physiological feedback and other information, rather than consisting solely of bodily changes, as James suggested. Psychologist Tim Dalgleish states that most modern affective neuroscientists would support such a viewpoint. In 2002, a research paper on the autonomic nervous system stated that the theory has been "hard to disprove". Emotions are often assumed to be judgments about a situation that cause feelings and physiological changes. In 1884, psychologist and philosopher William James proposed that physiological changes actually precede emotions, which are equivalent to our subjective experience of physiological changes, and are experienced as feelings. In his words, "our feeling of the same changes as they occur is the emotion." James argued:If we fancy some strong emotion, and then try to abstract from our consciousness of it all the feelings of its characteristic bodily symptoms, we find we have nothing left behind, no "mind-stuff" out of which the emotion can be constituted, and that a cold and neutral state of intellectual perception is all that remains. … What kind of an emotion of fear would be left, if the feelings neither of quickened heart-beats nor of shallow breathing, neither of trembling lips nor of weakened limbs, neither of goose-flesh nor of visceral stirrings, were present, it is quite impossible to think. Can one fancy the state of rage and picture no ebullition of it in the chest, no flushing of the face, no dilatation of the nostrils, no clenching of the teeth, no impulse to vigorous action, but in their stead limp muscles, calm breathing, and a placid face? The present writer, for one, certainly cannot. The rage is as completely evaporated as the sensation of its so-called manifestations.

Lisa Feldman Barrett focuses on the study of emotion. Why is it that people are able to quickly and effortlessly perceive anger, sadness, fear in themselves and in others, yet scientists have been unable to specify a set of clear criteria for empirically identifying these emotional events?

Theory of Constructed Emotion is a scientific theory to explain the experience and perception of emotion. The emotion paradox is as follows. People have vivid and intense experiences of emotion in day-to-day life: they report seeing emotions like "anger", "sadness", and "happiness" in others, and they report experiencing "anger", "sadness" and so on themselves. Nevertheless, psychophysiological and neuroscientific evidence has failed to yield consistent support for the existence of such discrete categories of experience. Instead, the empirical evidence suggests that what exists in the brain and body is affect, and emotions are constructed by multiple brain networks working in tandem. Despite this evidence, most other theories of emotion assume that emotions are genetically endowed, not learned, and are produced by dedicated circuits in the brain: an anger circuit, a fear circuit, and so on. This point of view is very much in line with common-sense conceptions of emotion. The theory of constructed emotion calls this assumption into question. It suggests that these emotions (often called "basic emotions") are not biologically hardwired, but instead are phenomena that emerge in consciousness "in the moment" from more fundamental ingredients. "In every waking moment, your brain uses past experience, organized as concepts, to guide your actions and give your sensations meaning. When the concepts involved are emotion concepts, your brain constructs instances of emotion." In greater detail, instances of emotion are constructed throughout the entire brain by multiple brain networks in collaboration. Ingredients going into this construction include interoception, concepts, and social reality. Interoceptive predictions provide information about the state of the body and ultimately produce basic, affective feelings of pleasure, displeasure, arousal, and calmness. Concepts are embodied knowledge (from your culture), including emotion concepts. Social reality provides the collective agreement and language that make the perception of emotion possible among people who share a culture.

Associating a memory with an emotion helps to remember that experience, knowledge or information.

You have to learn how to accurately interpret the information signals that are being generated from your body, if not, then you will manipulated by your feelings, and have little control over your thoughts, or your actions. Learning to Separate your Emotions from your thoughts and memories helps you to understand the information more clearly. This way you can either move past this information or learn more from that experience by asking more questions. But just learning to separate your emotions from your thoughts does not mean that those memories will stop triggering emotional responses completely, it just means that you will be more aware of the emotional response to that information and realize it is no longer necessary in order to understand those particular thoughts, so eventually it will become mostly information. You have the power to control your thoughts and the emotional attachment to those thoughts and you can do this without drugs like Propranolol. We know that people can remember a lot of information without having any emotional response to that information, so it seems that emotions are not even necessary for memory or learning. Emotions are nice to have when remembering happy moments, so I wouldn't want to separate all my emotions from all my memories, especially when there is a lot to learn from our experiences. 


Emotional Intelligence Consists of Four Attributes

1: Self-Awareness – You recognize your own emotions and how they affect your thoughts and behavior, know your strengths and weaknesses, and have self-confidence. The ability to quickly reduce stress in the moment in a variety of settings.

2: Self-Management – You’re able to control impulsive feelings and behaviors, manage your emotions in healthy ways, take initiative, follow through on commitments, and adapt to changing circumstances. The ability to recognize your emotions and keep them from overwhelming you.

3: Social Awareness – You can understand the emotions, needs, and concerns of other people, pick up on emotional cues, feel comfortable socially, and recognize the power dynamics in a group or organization. The ability to connect emotionally with others by using nonverbal communication.

4: Relationship Management – You know how to develop and maintain good relationships, communicate clearly, inspire and influence others, work well in a team, and manage conflict. The ability to use humor and play to stay connected in challenging situations. The ability to resolve conflicts positively and with confidence.

Why Do We Feel our Emotions

Emotions release certain hormones and chemicals in our body. So we sometimes feel emotions in our stomachs, like a gut-wrenching feeling, a knot in the stomach, or feeling sick or nauseated, or feeling something nerve-wracking or a gut feeling. We can also feel shaking or tremors, sweating, dry mouth and headaches. We also feel emotions in our chest, like chest pain, a fast heart rate, fast breathing, a thumping heart or palpitations. Love doesn't hurt, losing love hurts.

Broken Heart is an intense emotional and sometimes physical stress or pain one feels at experiencing great longing or rejection.

Grieving - Compassion - Human Senses

Psychological Pain is an unpleasant feeling (a suffering) of a psychological, non-physical, origin.

Psychogenic Pain is physical pain that is caused, increased, or prolonged by mental, emotional, or behavioral factors. Negative Feedback.

The Science of Heartbreak (youtube)

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy is a type of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in which there is a sudden temporary weakening of the muscular portion of the heart. This weakening can be triggered by emotional stress, such as the death of a loved one, a break-up, or constant anxiety.

Vagal-Parasympathetic Activation interfaces with parasympathetic control of the heart, lungs and digestive tract. The vagus nerves are paired; however, they are normally referred to in the singular. It is the longest nerve of the autonomic nervous system in the human body.

Cranial Nerves are the nerves that emerge directly from the brain (including the brainstem), in contrast to spinal nerves (which emerge from segments of the spinal cord). Cranial nerves relay information between the brain and parts of the body, primarily to and from regions of the head
and neck.

Autonomic Nervous System is a division of the peripheral nervous system that influences the function of internal organs. The autonomic nervous system is a control system that acts largely unconsciously and regulates bodily functions such as the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal. This system is the primary mechanism in control of the fight-or-flight response and the freeze-and-dissociate response.

Sympathetic Nervous System is one of the two main divisions of the autonomic nervous system, the other being the parasympathetic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system functions to regulate the body's unconscious actions.

Central Nervous System is the part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord.

Endocrine System the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones directly into the circulatory system to be carried towards distant target organs.

Hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of functions. One of the most important functions of the hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland (hypophysis).

Anterior Cingulate Cortex has a wide variety of autonomic functions, such as regulating blood pressure and heart rate, also involved in certain higher-level functions, such as reward anticipation, decision-making, impulse control, and emotion.

Adrenal Cortex mediates the stress response through the production of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids, such as aldosterone and cortisol, respectively.

Mineralocorticoids are a class of steroid hormones, which help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, development of sexual characteristics, and the ability to withstand illness and injury.

Adrenal Gland are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys.

Neurochemistry examines how neurochemicals influence the network of neural operation by studying of neurochemicals, including neurotransmitters and other molecules (such as psychopharmaceuticals, neuropeptides, or gastrotransmitters) that influence the function of neurons.

Neurochemical is an organic molecule, such as serotonin, dopamine, or nerve growth factor, that participates in neural activity.

Brain - Pain

You can choose to feel emotions, but sometimes you don't always have a choice. mostly because people have not yet learned to fully understand the mind and body, so they have a hard time controlling their emotions. Everyone has control, but not everyone knows how to operate these controls effectively. It's a combination of awareness, knowledge, learning and practice. It's not part of our education, but it should be.

Visceral is information obtained through intuition rather than from reasoning or observation. Relating to deep inward feelings rather than to the intellect. Body not the Mind.

Intuition is instinctive knowing (without the use of rational processes). An impression that something might be the case.

Awareness (beyond normal senses)

The mind can cause us to feel physical symptoms from our emotions, but our emotions are not always accurate in determining reality. And there could also be crossover effects, meaning a signal from chemicals and hormones might be misunderstood and misdiagnosed. 

Autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells and tissues.

Placebos

Anxiety - Disorders (sanity)

Inner Monologue (talking to yourself)

Crossover Effects occurs when two or more expressions in a text refer to the same person or thing.

Crossover Distortion is caused by switching between devices driving a load, "crossing over" of the signal between devices.

Audio Crossover are a class of electronic filter used in audio applications.

"If you can question your feelings more often, then you can better understand them correctly. If you can learn how to weed out false alarms, and learn how to control impulses from your sub-conscious mind, that don't benefit you, then your actions will eventually be more logical and you will make better decisions."

"If you can control and understand your feelings, then you can do what you know, instead of doing something based on how you feel."

Feelings

Feelings are a physical sensation that you experience, like the sensation produced by pressure receptors in the skin. Feelings can also be an awareness of emotional or moral sensitivity, especially in relation to personal principles or dignity. The experiencing of affective and emotional states. The general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people. An intuitive understanding of something. A vague idea in which some confidence is placed.

Feelings - Morris Albert - Live (youtube) - Feelings, nothing more than feelings, Trying to forget my feelings of love.

More than A Feeling - Boston (youtube) - It's more than a feeling, When I hear that old song they used to play, And I begin dreaming, Till I see Marianne walk away.

I've Got A Feeling - The Beatles (youtube) - 30 January 1969 during the Beatles' rooftop concert. I've Got a Feeling was from the Beatles 1970 album Let It Be.

Feel is to undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind. Come to believe on the basis of emotion, intuitions, or indefinite grounds. Perceive by a physical sensation, e.g., coming from the skin or muscles. Be conscious of a physical, mental, or emotional state. Have a feeling or perception about oneself in reaction to someone's behavior or attitude. Undergo passive experience of. Be felt or perceived in a certain way. Grope or feel in search of something. A property perceived by touch. Examine by touch. Examine (a body part) by palpation. Find by testing or cautious exploration. Produce a certain impression. An intuitive awareness. The general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people.

Gut Feeling - Intuition - Body Mind Connections

Sometimes I don't feel like I'm doing enough, but that was just a feeling, and feelings do not fully explain reality. So what am I really doing? I'm doing this. Though sometimes it does not feel like I'm doing this, but this is what I am doing. Of course it can be perceived differently, but that does not change the facts. In order to change the facts, you must learn and you must communicate. There is no such thing as perceived facts.

Emotions that Depend on very Particular Circumstances: Relative

Desbundar (Portuguese) – to shed one’s inhibitions in having fun.
Tarab (Arabic) – a musically induced state of ecstasy or enchantment.
Shinrin-yoku (Japanese) – the relaxation gained from bathing in the forest, figuratively or literally.
Gigil (Tagalog) – the irresistible urge to pinch or squeeze someone because they are loved or cherished.
Yuan bei (Chinese) – a sense of complete and perfect accomplishment.
Iktsuarpok (Inuit) – the anticipation one feels when waiting for someone, whereby one keeps going outside to check if they have arrived.
Natsukashii (Japanese) – a nostalgic longing for the past, with happiness for the fond memory, yet sadness that it is no longer.
Saudade (Portuguese) – a melancholic longing or nostalgia for a person, place or thing that is far away either spatially or in time – a vague, dreaming wistfulness for phenomena that may not even exist.
Wabi-sabi (Japanese) – a “dark, desolate sublimity” centred on transience and imperfection in beauty.
Sehnsucht (German) – literally “life-longings”, an intense desire for alternative states and realisations of life, even if they are unattainable.
Dadirri (Australian aboriginal) term – a deep, spiritual act of reflective and respectful listening.
Pihentagyú (Hungarian) – literally meaning “with a relaxed brain”, it describes quick-witted people who can come up with sophisticated jokes or solutions.
Desenrascanço (Portuguese) – to artfully disentangle oneself from a troublesome situation.
Sukha (Sanskrit) – genuine lasting happiness independent of circumstances.
Orenda (Huron) – the power of the human will to change the world in the face of powerful forces such as fate.

"Parents learn to understand the moods of their children more then they learn to understand their own moods, why? Emotions are a form of communication, but we have not yet learned how to listen."

Showing No Emotions

Reduced Affect Display or emotional blunting is a condition of reduced emotional reactivity in an individual. It manifests as a failure to express feelings either verbally or nonverbally, especially when talking about issues that would normally be expected to engage the emotions. Expressive gestures are rare and there is little animation in facial expression or vocal inflection.

Deadpan is the deliberate display of emotional neutrality or no emotion, commonly as a form of comedic delivery to contrast with the ridiculousness or absurdity of the subject matter. The delivery is meant to be blunt, ironic, laconic, or apparently unintentional.

Compassion Fatigue - Lack Empathy - Cathartic - Blunted Effect - Reptilian Brain

Emotional Exhaustion is a chronic state of physical and emotional depletion that results from excessive job, personal demands, and/or continuous stress. It describes a feeling of being emotionally overextended and exhausted by one's work. It is manifested by both physical fatigue and a sense of feeling psychologically and emotionally "drained".

Blank Expression is a facial expression characterized by neutral positioning of the facial features, implying a lack of strong emotion. It may be caused by a lack of emotion, depression, boredom or slight confusion, such as when someone refers to something which the listener does not understand. A deliberately-induced blank expression meant to conceal one's emotions is also known as a poker face, referring to the common practice of maintaining one's composure when playing the card game poker.

Affect Display are the verbal and non-verbal displays of emotion. These displays can be through facial expressions, gestures and body language, volume and tone of voice, laughing, crying, etc. Affect displays can be altered or faked so one may appear one way, when they feel another (i.e. smiling when sad). Affect can be conscious or non-conscious and can be discreet or obvious. The display of positive emotions, such as smiling, laughing, etc., is termed "positive affect", while the displays of more negative emotions, such as crying and tense gestures, is respectively termed "negative affect". Affect is important in psychology as well as in communication, mostly when it comes to interpersonal communication and non-verbal communication. In both psychology and communication, there are a multitude of theories that explain affect and its impact on humans and quality of life. Affect is the conscious subjective aspect of feeling or emotion.

Learning to Turn Down Your Amygdala Can Modify Your Emotions.

Amygdala has a primary role in the processing of memory, decision-making, and emotional reactions. The amygdalae are considered part of the limbic system. Fear.

Limbic System supports a variety of functions including emotion, behavior, motivation, long-term memory, and olfaction. Emotional life is largely housed in the limbic system, and it has a great deal to do with the formation of memories. Limbic system is a set of brain structures located on both sides of the thalamus, immediately underneath the cerebrum.

Children Full of Life - Important Documentary.. Very. (youtube) - video gives them lessons on teamwork, community, the importance of openness, how to cope, and the harm caused by bullying.

Empathy Quotient is the ability to feel an appropriate emotion in response to another's emotion and the ability to understand the others' emotion. People Smart.

Emotional Problems - Mood Swings

Alexithymia inability to identify and describe emotions in the self. Bipolar.

Emotional Contagion is the phenomenon of having one person's emotions and related behaviors directly trigger similar emotions and behaviors in other people.

Emotional Detachment refers to an inability to connect with others emotionally, as well as a means of dealing with anxiety by preventing certain situations that trigger it; it is often described as "emotional numbing", "emotional blunting", or dissociation, depersonalization or in its chronic form depersonalization disorder. In the second sense, it is a decision to avoid engaging emotional connections, rather than an inability to do so, typically for personal, social, or other reasons. In this sense, it can allow people to maintain boundaries, psychic integrity, and avoid undesired impact by or upon others related to emotional demands.

Dissociation in psychology is a mild detachment from immediate surroundings to more severe detachment from physical and emotional experience, as well as detachment from reality. Introvert?

Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a loss of contact with reality.

Neurosis is a class of functional mental disorders involving distress but neither delusions nor hallucinations.

Illusion is a distortion of the senses, revealing how the brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. An illusion involves distorted or misinterpreted real perception; imagery, which does not mimic real perception and is under voluntary control. Spatial Intelligence..

Pseudohallucination is an involuntary sensory experience vivid enough to be regarded as a hallucination, but recognised by the patient not to be the result of external stimuli. Unlike normal hallucination, which occurs when one sees, hears, smells, tastes or feels something that is not there, with a compelling feeling or thought that it is real, pseudohallucinations are recognised by the person as unreal.

Delusion is a belief that is held with strong conviction despite superior evidence to the contrary. As a pathology, it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, or other effects of perception.

Compartmentalization is an unconscious psychological defense mechanism used to avoid cognitive dissonance, or the mental discomfort and anxiety caused by a person's having conflicting values, cognitions, emotions, beliefs, etc. within themselves. Compartmentalization allows these conflicting ideas to co-exist by inhibiting direct or explicit acknowledgement and interaction between separate compartmentalized self states.

Promoting Alternative Thinking Strategies - Paths Training

Emotional Healing (meditation) - Controls

Stress - Anger - Profanity - Happiness - Depression - Trauma 

Anxieties - Fear - Avoiding Fear can help with Focus and Control

Be aware of ignorant corporations are more focused on money then they are providing a quality service to people in need.
Some corporations exploit parents who are desperate to help their children's through difficulties has always been a problem with healthcare services.

Brain Balance are after-school learning centers that offers a program of brain training, exercise, simple physical exercises, skills training, and dietary advice that it says helps children with developmental and learning disabilities. As of 2018 there was no good evidence that the company's program helps children. In the scientific and medical community, Brain Balance has been criticized for the lack of scientific evidence for its marketing, as well as its claims about neuroplasticity and other aspects of brain development. That assessment is consistent with a 2015 determination by the Wisconsin Department of Health Services that there was insufficient evidence of effectiveness for the company's claims. The results of a June 2018 year-long investigation by National Public Radio cast further doubt on the veracity of claims by the company.

PTSD (stress)

Emotional Range and Value Orientation: Toward a Cognitive view of Emotionality

Emotional Biochemistry

Experts in Emotion 2.3 -- Iris Mauss on Measuring Emotion (youtube)

Human Emotion 1.2: Introduction (youtube)

Facial Expressions (body language)

How Sensitivity to Emotions changes across the Lifespan. Why do some people become more positive as they grow older? Answer: They have learned some of life's important lessons. Why are adolescents so sensitive to negative social cues? Answer: They have not yet learned enough.

Insular Cortex is involved in consciousness and play a role in diverse functions usually linked to emotion or the regulation of the body's Homeostasis. These functions include perception, motor control, self-awareness, cognitive functioning, and interpersonal experience. In relation to these, it is involved in psychopathology.

Emoji 27 States of Emotion

"A feeling is an interpretation of information."

These are more then just emotions on the above chart, these words represent behaviors that have a lot of information and knowledge associated with them. There are explanations on why these feelings exist, when they do. Most come from being exposed to particular information under particular circumstances, which vary based on your particular experiences and your particular education. So again emotions are very ineffective for processing information, and ineffective when your trying to understand the facts about your situation. Emotions are like old friends, you love them, but you just don't want them around all the time. You need time to relax, time to think, time to recoup and time to do other things. No offence, non taken, of course.

Torrid is characterized by intense emotion. Emotionally charged and vigorously energetic, or just happy and focused.

"It's amazing how there are things that unwillingly control our moods, it's really weird. And it only takes a moment of distraction for a particular behavior to start activating processes. Now your mind is processing information under a new set of parameters, and unless your aware of the change, you will not know when to change your thinking and the thoughts that are running under a particular set of rules that were created some how by you? Control is not a skill that can be easily maintained, or easily defined. Everyone should fully understand all the things that we have learned about self-control. The benefits are numerous."

Measuring Brain Activity

Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback that uses real-time displays of brain activity—most commonly electroencephalography (EEG), to teach self-regulation of brain function. Typically, sensors are placed on the scalp to measure activity, with measurements displayed using video displays or sound. (Emotions block the flow of electrons).

Magnetic brain stimulation alters negative emotion perception. Using magnetic stimulation outside the brain, a technique called repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), researchers at University of Münster, Germany, show that, despite the use of inhibitory stimulation currently used to treat depression, excitatory stimulation better reduced a person's response to fearful images.

Differential Activation Patterns in the Same Brain Region Led to Opposite Emotional States.

Q-Radio: Emotion Recognition using Wireless Signals.

Biofeedback is a process that enables an individual to learn how to change physiological activity for the purposes of improving health and performance. Precise instruments measure physiological activity such as brainwaves, heart function, breathing, muscle activity, and skin temperature. These instruments rapidly and accurately 'feed back' information to the user. The presentation of this information—often in conjunction with changes in thinking, emotions, and behavior—supports desired physiological changes. Over time, these changes can endure without continued use of an instrument. Biofeedback is the process of gaining greater awareness of many physiological functions primarily using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will. Some of the processes that can be controlled include brainwaves, muscle tone, skin conductance, heart rate and pain perception.