Emergencies - Disasters - Survival
Being
prepared will always better than not
being prepared.
Informing the public
is one of the best ways to prepare people for a crisis, and a
good education is
absolutely necessary for being prepared and also to help
prevent mistakes.
Having a well thought out plan makes it a lot easier to make good decisions during an emergency,
especially in the mist of chaos. Having a
plan also helps people to avoid
being consumed by
panic,
fear
and
alarmist propaganda, which could cause
people to make costly mistakes, and thus lower
their chances of
surviving.
Public Services -
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Disaster Distress Hotline: 1-800-985-5990
Emergency
Medical Services - 911 - Every year, over 98,000 trained
dispatch workers in 6,000
emergency
dispatch centers across the country handle 240 million 911 calls.
Emergency is a sudden unforeseen
crisis, usually involving
danger
that requires immediate action. In a
hospital or
clinic, an
emergency department is
staffed and equipped to provide emergency care to people requiring
immediate medical treatment.
Emergency Broadcast System is a former emergency
warning system used
in the United States. EBS replaced the previous CONELRAD system and was
used from 1963 to 1997, at which point it was replaced by the
Emergency Alert System, which is a national warning system in the
United States put into place on January 1, 1997.
State
of Emergency is a situation in which a government is empowered to be
able to put through policies that it would normally not be permitted to
do, for the safety and protection of its citizens. A government can
declare such a state during a
natural disaster,
civil unrest,
times of
strife, armed conflict,
medical
pandemic or epidemic or other
biosecurity risk.
Public Health Emergency is a declaration that releases resources meant
to handle an actual or potential public health crisis. Recent examples
include: Incidents of flooding, Severe weather,
COVID-19 pandemic, the 2022 monkey pox outbreak and the 2009 swine flu
pandemic.
Public Health Emergency of International Concern is a formal
declaration by the
World
Health Organization of "an
extraordinary event
which is determined to constitute a
public health risk to other States
through the international spread of
disease and to potentially require a coordinated
international response", formulated when a
situation arises that is "serious, sudden, unusual, or unexpected", which
"carries implications for public health beyond the affected state's
national border" and "may require immediate international action". Under
the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR), states have a legal duty
to respond promptly to a PHEIC. The declaration is publicized by an IHR
Emergency Committee (EC) of international experts, which was developed
following the 2002–2004 SARS outbreak. Multiple
surveillance and
response
systems exist worldwide for the early detection and effective response to
contain the spread of disease. Time delays occur for two main reasons. The
first is the delay between the first case and the confirmation of the
outbreak by the healthcare system, allayed by good surveillance via data
collection, evaluation, and organization. The second is when there is a
delay between the detection of the outbreak and widespread recognition and
declaration of it as an international concern. The declaration is
promulgated by an emergency committee (EC) made up of international
experts operating under the IHR (2005), which was developed following the
SARS outbreak of 2002–2003. Between 2009 and 2016, there were four PHEIC
declarations. The fifth was the 2018–20 Kivu Ebola epidemic that was
announced on 17 July 2019. The sixth was the 2019–20 COVID-19 pandemic.
The seventh is the 2022 monkeypox outbreak. Under the 2005 International
Health Regulations (IHR), States have a legal duty to respond promptly to a PHEIC.
Warning is a message
informing of
danger, potential harm, or
risk. Cautionary
advice
about something imminent, especially imminent
danger or other
unpleasantness. A notification of something, usually in advance.
Emergency Planning and Preparation -
Alert -
Side Effects -
Tradeoff -
RiskCaveat is
a warning against doing certain acts under specific conditions or
limitations. Caveat is Latin for "
beware".
A caveat is
a statement that
limits or restricts some claim, which means that there's
missing information
that could be valuable when making a decision. There is
another side to the story.
Foreshadowing is a warning or an indication of a future event.
Foreshadowing is a narrative device in which a storyteller gives an
advance hint of what is to come later in the story.
Warning System is any system of biological or technical nature
deployed by an individual or group to
inform of a future
danger. Its purpose is to enable the deployer of the warning system to
prepare for the danger and act accordingly to mitigate or avoid it.
Warnings cannot be effective unless people react to them.
People are more likely
to ignore a system that regularly produces false warnings (the cry-wolf
effect), but reducing the number of false warnings generally also
increases the risk of not giving a warning when it is needed. Some
warnings are non-specific: for instance, the probability of an earthquake
of a certain magnitude in a certain area over the next decade. Such
warnings cannot be used to guide short-term precautions such as
evacuation. Opportunities to take long-term precautions, such as better
building codes and disaster preparedness, may be ignored.
Global Warming
-
Prophecy -
Doomsday
Warning Sign is a type of sign which indicates a
potential hazard, obstacle or condition requiring special
attention.
Some are traffic signs that indicate hazards on roads that may not be
readily apparent to a driver.
Red Flag Warning
-
Relationship
Questions
Caution is to warn strongly and to put
someone on guard. Being
attentive to possible
danger. A warning against certain acts. Cautious is
showing careful forethought.
Warning Label is a
label
attached to a product, or contained in a product's
instruction manual,
warning the user about
risks associated with its use,
and may include restrictions by the manufacturer or seller on certain
uses. Most of them are placed to limit civil liability in lawsuits against
the item's manufacturer or seller. Many safe products intended for human
consumption may require warning labels due to the health risks associated
with using them. That sometimes results in labels which for some people
seem to state the obvious, like "
Smoking Kills", dah..
Hospital Emergency Codes are coded messages often announced over a
public address system of a hospital to alert staff to various classes of
on-site emergencies. The use of codes is intended to convey essential
information quickly and with minimal misunderstanding to staff while
preventing stress and panic among visitors to the hospital. Such codes are
sometimes posted on placards throughout the hospital or are printed on
employee identification badges for ready reference. Hospital emergency
codes have varied widely by location, even between hospitals in the same
community. Confusion over these codes has led to the proposal for and
sometimes adoption of standardized codes. In many American, Canadian, New
Zealand and Australian hospitals, for example "code blue" indicates a
patient has entered cardiac arrest, while "code red" indicates that a fire
has broken out somewhere in the hospital facility.In order for a code call
to be useful in activating the response of specific hospital personnel to
a given situation, it is usually accompanied by a specific location
description (e.g., "Code red, second floor, corridor three, room
two-twelve"). Other codes, however, only signal hospital staff generally
to prepare for the consequences of some external event such as a natural
disaster.
Vessel Emergency Codes are in addition to distress signals like
Mayday and pan-pan, most vessels and
passenger ships use some emergency signals to alert the crew on board. In
some cases, the signals may alert the passengers to danger, but, in
others, the objective is to conceal the emergency from unaffected
passengers so as to avoid panic or undue alarm. Signals can be in the form
of blasts on alarm bells, sounds on the ship's whistle or code names paged
over the PA system.
Mayday
is an
emergency procedure word used internationally as a
distress signal
in voice procedure
radio communications.
Distress Signal is an internationally
recognized means for obtaining
help. Distress signals are communicated
by transmitting
radio signals, displaying a visually observable item or
illumination, or making a
sound audible from a distance.
SOS is the International
Morse Code Distress Signal. (...- - -...)
Dot Dot Dot, Dash Dash Dash, Dot Dot Dot.
Alert is to warn or
arouse to a sense
of
danger or call to a state of
preparedness. A
warning serves to make you more alert to danger.
Condition of heightened
watchfulness
or
preparation for action. Engaged in or accustomed to close
observation.
Mentally perceptive and responsive.
Alarm is a device that signals a
warning of danger and the occurrence of some undesirable event. Warn or
arouse to a sense of
danger or call to a state of preparedness. Fear
resulting from the awareness of danger.
Alarm Fatigue -
Alarm Clock -
Adapting -
Half Asleep
Swatting is a criminal
harassment act of deceiving an emergency
service (via such means as
hoaxing an emergency services dispatcher) into
sending a police or emergency service response team to another person's
address.
Combating Post 9/11 discriminatory backlash. When law enforcement
officers are dispatched in response to many different call types,
neighborhoods — especially in communities of color — they can quickly
become over-policed, with sometimes tragic consequences. Upwards of 80
percent of individuals with mental illness have an encounter with law
enforcement at some point in their lives, and in 2015, one quarter of the
individuals fatally shot by police had experienced mental illness. Seattle
to pay nearly $2M after man dies of a heart attack at address wrongly on
911 blacklist. The family alleged Yurek was wrongly included on a
blacklist of people known to be hostile to police and fire crews.
Racially motivated emergency calls are fraudulent emergency calls
motivated by racism.
Alarm
Device gives an audible, visual or other form of alarm signal about a
problem or condition. Alarm devices are often outfitted with a siren.
Alarm devices include: Burglar alarms, designed to warn of burglaries;
this is often a silent alarm: the police or guards are warned without
indication to the burglar, which increases the chances of catching him or
her. Alarm clocks can beep, buzz or ring off as an alarm at a set time to
wake a person up or for other reminders. Distributed control systems
(DCS), found in nuclear power plants, refineries and chemical facilities
also generate alarms to direct the operator's attention to an important
event that he or she needs to address. Alarms in an operation and
maintenance (O&M) monitoring system, which informs the bad working state
of (a particular part of) the system under monitoring. First-out alarm.
Safety alarms, which go off if a dangerous condition occurs. Common public
safety alarms include: Civil defense siren also known as tornado sirens or
air raid sirens. Fire alarm systems. fire alarm notification appliance.
"Multiple-alarm fire", a locally specific measure of the severity of a
fire and the fire-department reaction required. Smoke detector. Car
alarms. Auto-dialer alarm, also known as community alarm. Personal alarm.
Video Alarm Verification System provides instant notifications upon the
detection of a possible threat verified through a video feed. Tocsin – a
historical alarm mechanism. Alarms have the capability of causing a
fight-or-flight response in humans; a person under this mindset will panic
and either flee the perceived danger or attempt to eliminate it, often
ignoring rational thought in either case. A person in such a state can be
characterized as "alarmed". With any kind of alarm, the need exists to
balance between on the one hand the danger of false alarms (called "false
positives") — the signal going off in the absence of a problem — and on
the other hand failing to signal an actual problem (called a "false
negative"). False alarms can waste resources expensively and can even be
dangerous. For example, false alarms of a fire can waste firefighter
manpower, making them unavailable for a real fire, and risk injury to
firefighters and others as the fire engines race to the alleged fire's
location. In addition, false alarms may acclimatise people to ignore alarm
signals, and thus possibly to ignore an actual emergency: Aesop's fable of
The Boy Who Cried Wolf exemplifies this problem.
Alarm Fatigue.
Amber
Alert is a message distributed by a child abduction alert system to
ask the public for help in finding abducted children. It originated in the
United States in 1996. AMBER is a backronym for America's Missing:
Broadcast Emergency Response. The alert was named after Amber Hagerman, a
9-year-old girl abducted and murdered in Arlington, Texas, in 1996.
Alternative regional alert names were once used; in Georgia, "Levi's Call"
(in memory of Levi Frady); in Hawaii, "Maile Amber Alert" (in memory of
Maile Gilbert); and Arkansas, "Morgan Nick Amber Alert" (in memory of
Morgan Nick) and Utah, "Rachael Alert" (in memory of Rachael Runyan). In
the United States, amber alerts are distributed via commercial and public
radio stations, Internet radio, satellite radio, television stations, text
messages, and cable TV by the Emergency Alert System and NOAA Weather
Radio (where they are termed "Child Abduction Emergency" or "Amber
Alerts"). The alerts are also issued via e-mail, electronic
traffic-condition signs, commercial electronic billboards, or through
wireless device SMS text messages. AMBER Alert has also teamed up with
Google, Bing, and Facebook to relay information regarding an AMBER Alert
to an ever-growing demographic: AMBER Alerts are automatically displayed
if citizens search or use map features on Google or Bing. With the Google
Child Alert (also called Google AMBER Alert in some countries), citizens
see an AMBER Alert if they search for related information in a particular
location where a child has recently been abducted and an alert was issued.
This is a component of the AMBER Alert system that is already active in
the US (there are also developments in Europe). Those interested in
subscribing to receive AMBER Alerts in their area via SMS messages can
visit Wireless Amber Alerts, which are offered by law as free messages. In
some states, the display scrollboards in front of lottery terminals are
also used. The decision to declare an AMBER Alert is made by each police
organization (in many cases, the state police or highway patrol) that
investigates each of the abductions. Public information in an AMBER Alert
usually consists of the name and description of the abductee, a
description of the suspected abductor, and a description and license plate
number of the abductor's vehicle if available.
Activation criteria: Law enforcement must confirm that an abduction
has taken place. The child must be at risk of serious injury or death.
There must be sufficient descriptive information of child, captor, or
captor's vehicle to issue an alert. The child must be under 17 years of
age.
All-Points Bulletin a radio message sent to every officer in a police
force giving details of a suspected criminal or stolen vehicle. is a
broadcast issued from any American or Canadian law enforcement agency to
its personnel, or to other law enforcement agencies. It typically contains
information about a wanted suspect who is to be arrested or a person of
interest, for whom law enforcement officers are to look. They are usually
dangerous or missing persons. As used by American police, the term dates
to at least 1832. An all-points bulletin can also be known as a BOLO or
BOL, which stands for "be on (the) look-out". Such an alert may also be
called a lookout or ATL ("attempt to locate"). A similar, longer acronym
used by Australian law enforcement is KALOF or KLO4 (for "keep a look-out
for"). The United Kingdom uses a similar system known as the all-ports
warning or APW, which circulates a suspect's description to airports,
ports and international railway stations to detect an offender or suspect
leaving the country. Because of the great numbers of commuters at such
places, British police forces often prefer to contact specific airports,
ports or stations and circulate descriptions individually.
Deinfluencing is a trend on social media
where influencers tell their followers why they should not buy a product,
or tells their followers which brands to avoid and which products not to
buy.
Anti-influencers are content creators
who do the opposite of influencers. They want us not to buy and spend
money on a product. Either because it's not worth the money or the hype or
has been over-exposed and, thereby, made people fed up.
Barricade Tape is brightly colored tape usually incorporating a
two-tone pattern of alternating yellow-black or red-white stripes or the
words "Caution" or "Danger" in prominent lettering. The tape is used to
warn or catch the attention of passersby of an area or situation
containing a possible hazard. It acts as a minor impediment to prevent
accidental entrance to that area or situation and as a result enhances
general safety. Barricade tape is also known as
construction tape or
barrier tape or
in reference to the safety hazard involved as caution tape, warning tape,
danger tape or
hazard tape. When used by a
police force, the tape is named police tape. The tape is often wrapped and
affixed as a visual warning sign and demarcation, for instance against
entering a dangerous area, such as an industrial or commercial building
site, a road works construction site or the scene of an accident or a
crime (for crime scene preservation), or against handling inoperative
machinery or appliances.
Dangerous Situations - Difficult - Challenging - Crisis
Crisis is any event that is, or is expected to lead to, an unstable
and
dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, community, or
whole society. Most big catastrophes have a
chain of events,
but very few people understand the events that took place that lead and
caused the catastrophe to happen, so catastrophes tend to
repeat
themselves throughout history.
Crisis Training Manual (PDF) -
Problem Solving.
Threats -
Abuse -
Torture -
Mistakes -
Fear -
Anxiety -
Trauma -
Stress -
Burnout
Existential
Crisis is an extremely
dangerous situation that threatens human
existence and
survival. A
spiritual crisis.
Health Crisis is a difficult situation or complex health system that
affects humans in one or more geographic areas (mainly occurred in natural
hazards), from a particular locality to encompass the entire planet.
Health crises generally have significant impacts on community health, loss
of life, and on the economy. They may result from
disease, industrial
processes or poor policy. Its severity is often measured by the number of
people affected by its geographical extent, or the
disease or death of the pathogenic
process which it originates.
Ignorance is a Public Health Crisis.
Dooms Day
-
Armageddon -
Apocalypse -
Global Warming
-
Pandemic -
Existential -
Risks
Emergency
is a situation that poses an immediate
risk to health, life,
property,
or environment. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent
a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation
may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative
care for the aftermath.
Emergency Management
-
Rescue Equipment -
Emergency Kits -
Medical Emergency
State of Emergency alerts citizens to change their normal behavior
and orders government agencies to implement emergency plans.
Much of human life is non linear. Things
don't always go as planned or as expected. We have dreams and goals, but
we rarely make alternate plans or know what to do when things change. So
we are not always prepared for tragedy and crisis.
Mass-Casualty Incident describes an incident in which emergency
medical services resources, such as personnel and equipment, are
overwhelmed by the number and severity of
casualties. For example, an incident where a
two-person crew is responding to a motor vehicle collision with three
severely injured people could be considered a mass
casualty incident. The general public more commonly recognizes events
such as building collapses, train and bus collisions, plane crashes,
earthquakes,
mass murder and other
large-scale emergencies as mass
casualty incidents. Events such as the Oklahoma City bombing in 1995 and
the September 11 attacks in 2001 are well-publicized examples of mass
casualty incidents. The most common types of MCIs are generally caused by
terrorism,
mass-transportation accidents, fires or natural disasters. A multiple
casualty incident is one in which there are multiple casualties. However
the key difference from a mass casualty incident is that in a multiple
casualty incident the resources available are sufficient to manage the
needs of the victims. The issue of resource availability is therefore
critical to the understanding of these concepts. One crosses over from a
multiple to a mass casualty incident when resources are exceeded and the
systems are overwhelmed. The term
mass casualty
event or MCE is used when hospital resources are overwhelmed by the
number or severity of casualties.
Concert Disasters in History.
Accident
is an unfortunate mishap, especially one causing damage or
injury. Anything that happens suddenly or by
chance without an apparent cause.
Manslaughter.
Urgency is pressing importance requiring
speedy action. An urgent situation calling for prompt action. Compelling
immediate action.
Critical is a
turning point of a crisis or emergency. An abrupt change especially having
enough mass to sustain a chain reaction. Criticality is a
state of critical urgency.
Calamity is an event causing great and often sudden damage or
distress; a disaster, catastrophe, tragedy, cataclysm, adversity,
tribulation, affliction, misfortune, misadventure.
Danger -
Risk -
Chaos -
Rescue -
First Aid -
Resilience
Tragedy is an event resulting in great loss
and misfortune.
Disaster is a state
of
extreme ruin and
misfortune that may be impossible to remedy or correct.
Adversity is a state of misfortune or
affliction. A stroke of ill fortune or a calamitous event.
Hardship is something
hard to endure that
causes or entails
suffering.
Difficulty is something
not easy and
requiring great physical effort or
mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or
to
endure. A factor causing
trouble in achieving a positive result or tending to
produce a negative result. A condition or state of affairs almost beyond
one's ability to deal with and requiring great effort to bear or overcome.
An effort that is inconvenient. Something
hard to control.
Challenging is a demanding or stimulating
situation requiring full use of your abilities or resources. Something
challenging can be difficult, hard, formidable, onerous, laborious, burdensome,
strenuous, grueling and testing.
Life Will Test You
-
Resilience -
Challenge a Rule -
Risks
Arduous is something difficult and tiring
to accomplish that demands considerable amount of strenuous mental effort,
physical effort and skill, sometimes to the point of exhaustion that tests
powers of endurance.
Quagmire is a
complicated, difficult or confused situation. A soft wet area of low-lying
land that sinks underfoot.
Precarious
is something not securely held in position, something dangerously unstable
and likely to fall or collapse. Something beset with difficulties.
Something uncertain and dependent on chance.
Tough is
something very difficult that severely tests your stamina or
resolution. Something unfortunate
or hard to bear that makes great
mental demands and makes something hard
to comprehend, solve or believe. A feeling physical discomfort or pain.
Complex Problem is a
problem that requires more
than one solution because the problem is
systemic with
many working parts and
several
determining factors. Several things will have to change in order to
effectively solve a complicated problem.
Distress is
psychological suffering or
extreme physical pain.
Trouble is a source of difficulty. An
angry disturbance. An event causing
distress or
pain. An effort that is inconvenient. A strong feeling of
anxiety.
Tumultuous is characterized by unrest, disorder or insubordination.
Havoc is a violent and needless
disturbance or widespread destruction.
Pandemonium is a wild uproar or a state of extreme confusion and
noisy disorder.
Disturbance is an activity that is a malfunction, intrusion, or
interruption. An
unhappy and
worried mental state. A
disorderly
outburst or a violent agitation.
A noisy fight. The act of
disturbing something or someone; setting
something in motion.
Disrupt is to
interfere in someone else's activity or to break from a normal routine. To
be thrown into disorder.
Tune-out.
Interrupt is to temporally stop the
peace or the
tranquility that someone is
experiencing, or to interfere in someone else's activity.
Interfere is to come between so as to be
hindrance or an obstacle. To get involved in a situation through force or
the threat of force so as to alter or hinder an action.
Rear its Ugly Head is when an unpleasant
matter emerges and presents itself.
Ugly Truth.
"
We live in interesting times" is an
English expression that's often used to describe
a
period of turmoil. The phrase is ironic because "
interesting
times" are usually times of trouble.
Surprise is a sudden
unexpected event. The astonishment you feel when
something totally
unexpected happens to you. Attack by storm; attack
suddenly. A brief mental and physiological state, a startle response
experienced by animals and humans as the result of an unexpected event.
Surprise can have any valence; that is, it can be neutral/moderate,
pleasant, unpleasant, positive, or negative. Surprise can occur in varying
levels of intensity ranging from very-surprised, which may induce the
fight-or-flight response, or little-surprise that elicits a less intense
response to the stimuli.
Unexpected
is something
not expected or
anticipated.
Obstacle is
something that stands in the way and
must be avoided
or
dealt with successfully. An
obstruction is something that is in the way, something that you either go
around or you move it or remove it.
Fraught is causing
distress or filled
with distress.
Daunting is something difficult to deal with in anticipation.
Something intimidating or discouraging through
fear.
Precarious is a situation fraught with
danger. Providing no ease, security or reassurance that would restore
someone's confidence.
Peril is a
state of danger involving
risk. A source of
danger and a possibility
of incurring loss or misfortune. Put in a dangerous, disadvantageous, or
a difficult position that poses a
threat.
Sinking Ship is something which is
doomed. An impending debacle or an ongoing disaster.
Doomed is a situation marked for certain
death or people who are destined to die soon. A certainty of failure or
destruction. Marked by or promising bad fortune. Danger of the eternal
punishment of Hell.
Society
Collapse.
Doom and Gloom are
sad and tragic events with a feeling or attitude that things are only
getting worse.
Sensationalism.
Gloom is partial
or total darkness or a dark or shadowy place. A lowness of spirits or a
state of melancholy
depression.
Doom is death, destruction, or some
other terrible fate. Condemn to certain destruction or death.
When your Life is Turned Upside Down it means that things are
inverted and mess up or in a state of disorder and confusion.
Chaos.
Drastic Turn of Events or
Dramatic
Turn of Events is a sudden
change or alteration in a situation or
circumstance. After an unexpected turn of events, a new development or
change in a situation has occurred.
All Hell Breaks Lose describes a
disruptive situation, or a noisy confusing disorder that begins suddenly.
A sudden destructive argument, a disagreement, a violent conflict, or a
dispute or controversy, or quarrel or misunderstanding, or a wild
fight or squabble.
God Forsaken is
something miserable in appearance or circumstances. Something lacking any
merit or attraction. Something dismal, desolate and neglected.
Trials is an annoying, frustrating or
catastrophic event. Trials can also mean the act of
testing something. A trial of
something to see if or how it works. Put to the test, as for its quality,
or give experimental use to.
Trials
in law is the determination of a person's innocence or guilt by due
process of law.
Tribulation is a
cause of great trouble or suffering.
Great Tribulation is a relatively short period of time where everyone
will experience worldwide hardships, persecution, disasters, famine, war,
pain, and suffering, which will affect all of creation, and precede
judgment of all when the Second Coming takes place.
Psychological
Pain is an unpleasant feeling and suffering of a psychological,
non-physical origin.
Mental suffering or mental torment.
Misfortune is unnecessary and unforeseen
trouble resulting from an unfortunate event.
Bad luck
or
bad planning?
Midlife Crisis is a transition of identity and self-confidence that
can occur in middle-aged individuals, typically 45–55 years old. The
phenomenon is described as a psychological crisis brought about by events
that highlight a person's growing age, inevitable mortality, and possibly
shortcomings of accomplishments in life. This may produce feelings of
intense depression, remorse, and high levels of anxiety, or the desire to
achieve youthfulness or make drastic changes to their current lifestyle or
feel the wish to change past decisions and events.
Trials and Tribulations are troubles
and events that will cause suffering. There will be difficult situations
and unpleasant experiences that you will have to contend with.
Keep learning and
learn how to adapt and
know how to be resilient. These are
skills you will need to have.
Disaster
is a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses
and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.
Disasters that can happen around your Home.
Natural Disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural
processes of the Earth; examples include
floods,
hurricanes, tornadoes,
volcanic eruptions,
earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes.
A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage, and
typically leaves some economic damage in its wake, the severity of which
depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability to recover
and also on the infrastructure available. "Why do we call it a natural
disaster when there is nothing natural about it, everything is
cause and effect."
In 2017, the US shattered its record in
disaster costs with $306 billion spent in climate and weather disasters.
Disturbance in
Ecology -
Global Catastrophic Risk
-
Extinction Event (Environmental Collapse)
Global Nuclear War -
Prevention
Hazards (negligence or
man made)
-
Flooding -
Fires
When natural disasters strike locally, urban networks spread the damage
globally. Secondary economic impacts of cyclones can be three times
greater than local costs.
Planning -
Problem Solving
Climate-fueled disasters killing hundreds of Americans annually and
costing communities billions of dollars. A growing number of local
governments are asking a basic question: Are there some places where
people shouldn't build homes?
When disaster strikes, it's a good idea to have a well thought
out plan. Whether it's a natural disaster, financial disaster, health
problem, war, currency collapse, or what ever the problem, changes will
happen and sacrifices will have to be made. But this doesn't mean a
catastrophic end, death or suffering, or does it mean the
End of Days, or
Armageddon. Or does this mean that we have to resort to violence,
looting and lose control, which will just make the situation worse.
Things will only get out of control if we let them. Life always has
Cycles, we always have new obstacles, new challenges and new beginnings. Fear,
stress and desperation can be overwhelming, but we have the
abilities to survive if we stick together and act logical.
List of Natural Disasters by Death Toll (wiki)
List of Accidents and Disasters by Death Toll (wiki)
25
Biggest Man Made Environmental Disasters Of History (youtube)
25 Biggest Man Made Environmental Disasters in History.
Industrial Disasters are disasters
caused by industrial companies, either by accident, negligence or
incompetence. They are a form of industrial accident where great damage,
injury or loss of life are caused. Other disasters can also be considered
industrial disasters, if their causes are rooted in the products or
processes of industry.
Over 4,000 industrial accidents not reported in S. Korea in 5 years.
Oil
Spills -
Pollution
Two
Thirds of Workplace Injuries go Unreported. As many as 69% of injuries
and illnesses may never make it into the Survey of
Occupational Injuries and
Illnesses, according to a study done by the Committee of Education and
Labor.
Injuries, Illnesses, and
Fatalities Program produces a wide range of information about
workplace injuries and illnesses. These data are collected and reported
annually through the Survey of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
and the Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries.
Risks to Civilization, Humans and Planet Earth (wiki)
Risk Management
Global Medic Canadian
volunteers around the world to aid in the aftermath of disaster and
crises.
Humanitarian Work (Feeding the Hungry - Housing the Homeless - Medial
Services)
Food Emergencies -
Water Emergencies -
Shelter Emergencies
Disaster Monitoring (hot spots)
Improving our understanding of complex crises. Researcher presents a
new model for
risk research which takes interactions
into account and brings together various disciplines. Climate disaster,
pandemics, species extinction, violent conflict -- we live in a time of
multiple crises.
Relief-Web is
the leading humanitarian information source on global crises and
disasters. It is a specialized digital service of the UN Office for the
Coordination of
Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). We provide reliable and timely
information, enabling humanitarian workers to make informed decisions and
to plan effective response. We collect and deliver key information,
including the latest reports, maps and infographics and videos from
trusted sources. ReliefWeb is also a valuable resource for job listings
and training programs, helping
humanitarians build
new skills and discover exciting new career opportunities.
Wild World
- Cat Stevens (youtube) - Oh, baby, baby, it's a wild world, It's hard
to get by just upon a smile. Oh, baby, baby, it's a wild world, I'll
always remember you like a child, girl. But just remember there's a lot of
bad and beware, a lot of nice things turn bad out there.
Disaster Criminals
Disaster
Capitalism - Vultures who
prey on the less fortunate and the elderly
who are vulnerable after a disaster. And sometimes it's the
same people
who caused the disaster to happen who are doing most of the victimizing.
These
criminals also exploit weak governments to force legislation and
pass laws that only benefit the wealthy and powerful. These
scumbags have
no shame.
False Flag
Attacks -
Evictions
-
Land Grabs
-
War Profiteers -
Ambulance Chasers -
Unconstitutional
The Shock
Doctrine centers on the
exploitation of national crises to push
through controversial policies while citizens are too emotionally and
physically
distracted by disasters or upheavals to mount an
effective
resistance.
In a crisis, there are
scumbag politicians that
will
use catastrophes as a weapon to score political
points by
blaming other people or by
blaming their political opponents for the problems that are happening,
instead of solving the problems or instead of protecting the victims of a
crisis. They do nothing while things get worse.
NAACP signs agreement with
FEMA to
advance equity in disaster resilience. Research has shown that
flooding in the U.S.
disproportionately harms Black neighborhoods.
Homes in parts of
the U.S. are "
essentially uninsurable" due
to rising climate change risks. Facing mounting risks from wildfires and
floods linked to climate change while their home insurance rates rocket
upwards.
Economic Collapse describes a broad range of
bad economic
conditions, ranging from a severe, prolonged depression with high
bankruptcy rates and high unemployment (such as the
Great Depression of
the 1930s), to a breakdown in normal commerce caused by hyperinflation
(such as in Weimar Germany in the 1920s), or even an economically caused
sharp rise in the death rate and perhaps even a decline in population
(such as in countries of the former USSR in the 1990s). Often economic
collapse is accompanied by social chaos, civil unrest and sometimes a
breakdown of law and order. An example of an economic collapse is the
Great Depression.
Cost Analysis.
Financial Collapse
-
Societal Collapse -
Media
Collapse -
Crop Failure
Crisis Actor is a
trained actor,
role player, volunteer, or other person engaged to
portray a disaster victim during
emergency drills to
train first responders such as
police,
firefighters or
EMS personnel. Crisis actors are used to create
high-fidelity simulations of disasters
in order to allow
first responders to
practice their skills and help
emergency services organizations to
prepare and
train in realistic scenarios as part of full-scale disaster exercises.
(actor-patient or actor victim).
How Federal Disaster Money Favors The Rich. The federal government
spends billions of dollars annually helping communities rebuild and
prevent future damage. But an NPR investigation has found that across the
country,
white Americans and those with more wealth often
receive more
federal dollars after a disaster than do minorities and those with less
wealth. Federal aid isn't necessarily allocated to those who need it most;
it's allocated according to cost-benefit calculations meant to minimize taxpayer risk.
Million-dollar CT homes were rebuilt with disaster aid. Disaster
relief funds to wealthy homeowners. Federal funds intended for low-income
Connecticut homeowners affected by Hurricane Sandy were distributed
instead to wealthy residents. When it comes to allocating resources and
funds for
rebuilding, most
times people are not aware the funds and resources are available and when
they are made aware the process is off-putting, demeaning, and cumbersome.
The needs are urgent but the response is delayed and denied.
Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act,
Public Law 93-288, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 5121 et seq., and Related Authorities.
There are 'smarter' ways for U.S. to fund
public health emergencies. Having sufficient and timely federal
government funding to ensure adequate staffing, supplies and equipment and
space to care for patients during the pandemic could be critical to
sustaining clinical operations in facilities across the United States.
Since early 2020, the federal government allocated $5.2 trillion in
pandemic funding across different sectors. The Department of Health and
Human Services Provider Relief Fund allocated $178 billion to help health
providers prevent, prepare for and respond to COVID-19 and to cover
expenses and lost revenue related to the pandemic. The Federal Emergency
Management Agency obligated $56 billion in COVID-19 public assistance to
date, including funding for hospitals and health systems. For federal
assistance to be allocated where it is most needed, reimbursement could be
tailored to the level of strain on hospitals and health systems during the
public health emergency. Systems that track financial status of hospitals
based on publicly available data could be used to ensure that
reimbursement is commensurate with needs and the level of stress
experienced by the organization during the incident. To ensure that relief
funding efforts are not duplicated across U.S. government agencies,
inter-agency collaboration and inter-agency sharing could be critical. HHS
and FEMA have provided funding for COVID-19 healthcare and public health
response during the pandemic. FEMA reported on collaboration with HHS
around sharing of response best practices early in the pandemic. Efforts
toward interagency collaboration could include developing systems that
allow data sharing to help both applicants and federal agencies avoid
duplicative efforts in the grant application and allocation process.
Rescue - Save
Rescue is to
save
someone from a
dangerous or distressing situation or to
free someone from
harm or evil. The
recovery or
preservation from
loss or danger. An act of saving or being saved from
danger or
distress.
First Aid -
Assistance -
Helping -
Intervention -
Hero -
Empathy
Save is to free someone or to
protect someone or
something from danger or
harm. To keep from being
ruined. To
preserve or to
put aside for later use, or to
save
money instead of
spending it or wasting it.
Energy Saving.
Search and
Rescue is the
search for
people and the provision of
aid to people who
are in distress or imminent
danger. The general field of search and rescue
includes many specialty sub-fields, typically determined by the type of
terrain the search is conducted over. These include mountain rescue;
ground search and rescue, including the use of search and rescue dogs;
urban search and
rescue in cities; combat search and rescue on the
battlefield and air-sea rescue over water.
International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) is a UN
organization that promotes the exchange of information between national
urban search and rescue organizations. The duty to render
assistance is
covered by Article 98 of the
UNCLOS.
CMC Rescue -
Rescue Tech -
Rock n Rescue
Security -
Medical Exams -
Ambulance
Atlas Devices
rescue equipment technologies, ropes and ladders.
Winch is
a mechanical device that is used to pull in, or wind up or let out, or wind
out or otherwise adjust the "tension" of a rope or wire rope, also called
"cable" or "wire cable". In its simplest form it consists of a spool and
attached hand crank. In larger forms, winches stand at the heart of
machines as diverse as tow trucks, steam shovels and elevators. The spool
can also be called the winch drum. More elaborate designs have gear
assemblies and can be powered by electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or
internal combustion drives. Some may include a solenoid brake and/or a
mechanical brake or ratchet and pawl device that prevents it from
unwinding unless the pawl is retracted.
Survival
-
Sustaining.
Life·Line is a thing on which someone or
something depends on, or which provides a means of escape from a
difficult situation. A rope or line used for
life-saving, typically one thrown to rescue someone in difficulties in
water or one used by sailors to secure themselves to a boat. Salvation or
a helping-hand.
COE Technologies for Law Enforcement and Emergency Response
Coastal Hazards Model or ADCIRC, couples rain and wind forecasts
with hydrologic, storm surge, and wave models to make pinpoint
coastal flooding predictions.
Climate Changes -
Quality Control -
Informed
Hazard Mitigation Planning is an interactive website that gives
practitioners step-by-step guidance for developing a
FEMA-approved local hazard mitigation plan.
Assistant for Randomized Monitoring Over Routes or ARMOR allows
end users to identify vulnerabilities and assets and develop
optimal patrol schedules.
Mobile Computing Applications Platform or MCAP provides
situational awareness, and command and control for first
responders in major emergencies.
Scatterblog
Real-time twitter analysis is used for monitoring of events.
Visual Analytics Law Enforcement Toolkit or VALET analyzes
high-volume criminal, traffic and civil incidents.
Unmanned Port Security Vessel or UPSV autonomously surveys the
seabed and is a sensor platform for other optical, chemical and
environmental sensors, including real-time video.
Drones -
Robotics
MAGELLO User-friendly, high-resolution atmospheric and ocean data
helps
to identify movement of spills or toxic releases in rivers,
ocean and air.
Pollution
Automated Virtual Agent for Truth Assessments in Real Time
or AVATAR uses artificial intelligence and non-invasive sensors
to flag anomalous behaviors for more investigation by trained
professionals.
Apps for mass-casualty preparedness
Emergency Mass Casualty Planning Scenarios (EMCAPS 2.0 )
Emergency Response Guidebook (ERG)
Mobile Emergency Response Guide (MERGE)
Medical Surge Capacity application
Flu Cast
Viruses Knowledge -
Surveillance Knowledge
Ag CONNECT
Suite enables real-time collection, distribution and analysis of
bio-surveillance, veterinary, emergency response and business continuity
data in one format.
Disease Outbreaks (relevance today)
Global Terrorism Database or GTD is the world's
largest open-source database of 110,000 terrorist events from
and 1970–2012. It is the "go-to" source for terrorism
researchers and analysts.
Hot Spots.
Video Analytic Surveillance Transition or VAST finds anomalies in
surveillance video in near-real-time that detect threats such as
reverse- flow, piggy-back entry, threat gestures, and flash-mobs.
Preparation - Planning - Precautions - Coordinating Disaster Relief Efforts
Are you Prepared? What's the
plan? You need a phone
number to
call people for help and to offer services. You need to
notify people about the
locations of relief centers. You need to setup a
command center,
business
support system and
network operations center. You need to setup
bulletin boards and setup
information stations. You need to setup website to help coordinate
volunteers and for people to list their needs, and to List items
already donated, and to list items that are needed, like tools,
supplies, food, water and so on. You need people to document everything. You need to
use all media outlets and communication tools available to
inform the public so
that everyone has the necessary information.
Blind Spots -
Risks -
Scenario
Planning -
Situation
Awareness -
Decision
Tree -
Insurance
-
Security -
Prevention -
Meal Prepping -
Understudy -
Continuity
Family Emergency Kit Checklist (PDF) -
Emergency Kits
-
Emergency Housing -
Public Services
Prepare is to
make ready or be ready
and suitable and
equipped in advance for a particular
purpose or
for some
use or event. To arrange by systematic planning and united effort. To
educate for a
future role or function.
Create by training and
teaching. Undergo
training or
instruction in preparation for a
particular role,
function, or profession.
Prepared is the cognitive process of
thinking about what you will do in the event of
something happening. The activity of putting or setting in
order in advance of some act or purpose. Made ready or fit
or suitable beforehand. Activity leading to
skilled behavior. Undergo
training or instruction in preparation for a particular
role, function, or profession. Equipped or prepared with necessary
intellectual resources. Arrange by systematic
planning
and united effort. Create by training and
teaching.
Preparedness refers to a very
concrete research based set of
actions that are taken as
precautionary measures in the face of
potential disasters. These actions can include both physical
preparations (such as emergency supplies depots,
adapting buildings
to survive
earthquakes and so on) and trainings for emergency
action. Preparedness is an important quality in
achieving goals and
in avoiding and
mitigating negative outcomes. There are different
types of preparedness, such as public health preparedness and local
emergency preparedness or snow preparedness (i.e.: Snow Preparedness
Teams - SPT), but probably the most developed type is "
Disaster
Preparedness", defined by the UN as involving "
forecasting and taking
precautionary measures prior to an imminent threat when advance warnings
are possible". This includes not only natural
disasters, but all kinds of severe damage caused in a relatively
short period, including warfare. Preparedness is a major phase of
emergency management, and is particularly valued in areas of
competition such as sport and military science. Methods of
preparation include
research, estimation,
planning, resourcing,
awareness, education,
practicing and rehearsing.
Responsibilities.
Standby is being ready for emergency
use. Something that can be
relied on when
needed. A person waiting to secure a place on standby. One to be relied on
especially in emergencies. Readiness for
duty or immediate
deployment. One that is held in reserve ready for use. A favorite or
reliable
choice or resource. An actor able to replace a regular performer when
required.
Ready
is being completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use
or progress. Made suitable
and available for immediate use. Apprehending and responding with speed
and sensitivity. Poised for action. Make ready or suitable or equip in
advance for a particular purpose or for some use,
event, etc.
You must stay calm and
focus
on the plan
and your responsibilities.
Avoid Stress and worrying for they will only distract you and waste
precious time and energy. Don't ignore the children. Children must
continue to be educated and also be assured that these types of things
have happened throughout human history and that we have always found a way
to survive and recover. Use these moments to train and teach problem
solving. Children are our most reliable investment that humans have.
Reserve
is to hold back or set aside, especially for future use. Give or assign a
resource to a particular person or cause. Something kept back or saved for
future use or for a special purpose incase of a
possible event, occurrence or result.
Available
is something obtainable or accessible and ready for use or
service.
Precaution
is an action taken in
advance to protect against possible danger or
failure. Precautionary measures that are taken to ward off impending
danger, damage or injury. The trait of practicing caution in advance.
Judiciousness in
avoiding harm or danger. Awareness.
Fire Drill is practicing emergency procedures
and going through the
necessary actions that are needed to take that would allow you to get to
safety and also show you how to safely save others from a real fire.
Methods of practicing should show how a building would be evacuated in the
event of a fire or other emergencies. Usually, the building's existing
fire alarm system is activated and the building is evacuated as if a real
emergency had occurred. Generally, the evacuation is timed to ensure that
it is fast enough, and problems with the emergency system or evacuation
procedures are identified to be remedied.
Evacuation
Simulation is a method to determine
evacuation times
for areas, buildings, or vessels. It is based on the simulation of
crowd dynamics and pedestrian motion.
Emergency
Evacuation is the
urgent
immediate egress or escape of people away from an area that contains an
imminent threat, an ongoing threat or a hazard to lives or property.
Examples range from the small-scale evacuation of a building due to a
storm or fire to the large-scale evacuation of a city because of a flood,
bombardment or approaching weather system, especially a Tropical Cyclone.
In situations involving hazardous materials or possible contamination,
evacuees may be decontaminated prior to being transported out of the
contaminated area.
List of Mass
Evacuations (wiki).
Emergency Response Plans (gov) -
Do
you have an Evacuation Plan? (gov)Where can we find
each other if we get Lost or Separated? How do we stay in contact?
Where can we meet if we get separated? What's the plan if we get separated
in a crowd? What's the plan if we get separated during an emergency?
Family Separation in an Emergency. Family Meeting Place:
Designate a meeting place that your family will
immediately go to when disaster strikes. The place you choose
should be outside your neighborhood in the event that it is not safe to
return to your home or stay in its surrounding areas. Each family member
should be capable of reciting the address of the meeting place or locating
it on their own if need be.
Choose a long-distance
relative or close friend that your family will all contact if separated.
Teach your household to use this number as a form of communicating and
letting one know that the other is safe. Lastly, don’t forget to talk with
your out-of-state contact to make them aware of the plan and ensure they
are comfortable with this role.
Plan what to do in
case you are separated during an emergency. Choose two places to
meet up: Right outside your home in case of a sudden emergency, such as a
fire Outside your neighborhood, in case you cannot return home or are
asked to evacuate. Choose an out-of-area emergency contact person. It may
be easier to text or call long distance if local phone lines are
overloaded or out of service. Everyone should carry
emergency contact
information in writing and saved on their cell phones. Make sure places
where your children spend time also have these contact numbers, like at
school or daycare.
Your plan should account for
family members who may live elsewhere during the year, such as
members of the military on deployment or students away at college, or
those who travel frequently. How will you need to adapt your plan if they
are at home? What will you need to do differently if they are away?
Have your Identification.
Bracelets have prepared customized information engraved on the inside
including a first and last name, home address, emergency contacts, severe
allergies or health restrictions, and a long distance
phone number to a
close friend or relative. Request that everyone wear the bracelet at all
times especially if your children are young or living with a disability.
Make cards for the whole family in case you are separated during an
emergency.
Plan for the emergencies that are most
likely to happen where you live. Be familiar with natural disaster
risks in your community. Consider how you will respond to emergencies that
can happen anywhere, such as home fires and floods. Consider how you will
respond to emergencies that are unique to your region, such as volcanoes,
tsunamis or tornadoes. Think about emergencies that may require your
family to shelter in place (such as a winter storm), vs. emergencies that
may require evacuation (such as a hurricane). Consult our emergency
resource library for tips on preparing for, responding to, and recovering
from specific disasters.
Plan what to do if you
have to evacuate. Decide where you would go and what route you
would take to get there, such as: A hotel/motel The home of friends or
relatives a safe distance away An evacuation shelter. Practice evacuating
your home twice a year.
Grab your emergency kit, just
like you will in a real emergency, then drive your planned evacuation
route. Plot alternate routes on your map in case roads are impassable.
Make sure you have locations and maps saved on devices such as cell phones
and
GPS units and on paper. Plan ahead for your pets. Keep a phone list of
pet-friendly hotels/motels and animal shelters that are along your
evacuation routes. Remember, if it’s not safe for you to stay home, it’s
not safe for your pets either.
Plan for everyone
in your home. Some members of your household may need special
accommodation during an emergency, which means planning ahead is even more
crucial. Senior Citizens. People with Disabilities. Children. Pets. Plan
to let loved ones know you’re safe. If your community experiences a
disaster, be sure to register on the
American Red Cross Safe and Well website to let your family and
friends know you are safe. Or, call 1-800-RED CROSS (1-800-733-2767) and
select the prompt for "Disaster" to register yourself and your family.
Ready.gov.
Safety Plan is a personalized,
practical plan that can help you avoid dangerous situations and
know the best way to react when you are in danger.
This plan includes ways to remain safe while in the relationship, planning
to leave, or after you leave.
First Aid Tips -
CPR Training
Hurricane Rehearsal of Concept Drill was organized by U.S. Army North,
the Army component of U.S. Northern Command, as part of its mission to
support civil authorities during disasters. Officials from the National
Guard Bureau, Army Reserve, the Federal Emergency Management Agency and
many others were present to lay out their respective courses of action in
the event of a hurricane response.
Planning -
Quality Control -
Communication in Communities
(social Intelligence)
Prepper is a person who believes a catastrophic disaster or
emergency is likely to occur in the future and makes active preparations
for it, typically by stockpiling food, ammunition, and other supplies.
Preppers want peace of mind, they want insurance, they want to have
backup plan, and they want to
survive. But
what most preppers don't do, is
learn how to live,
and
learn how to give.
Volunteers Organizing -
Disasters Info -
Incident Response
Management -
Americas Prepareathon -
Group Home -
Back Up Plan -
Recovery
Defense Production Act of 1950 requires businesses to sign contracts
or fulfill orders deemed necessary for national defense. It also allows
the president to designate materials to be prohibited from hoarding or
price gouging. The second section authorizes the President to establish
mechanisms (such as regulations, orders or agencies) to allocate
materials, services and facilities to promote national defense. The third
section authorizes the President to control the civilian economy so that
scarce and/or critical materials necessary to the national defense effort
are available for defense needs. The Act also authorizes the President to
requisition property, force industry to expand production and the supply
of basic resources, impose wage and price controls, settle labor disputes,
control consumer and real estate credit, establish contractual priorities,
and allocate raw materials towards national defense. In 2011, under
President Barack Obama, the law was invoked to force telecommunications
companies, under criminal penalties, to provide detailed information to
the Commerce Department's Bureau of Industry and Security on the use of
foreign-manufactured hardware and software in the companies' networks, as
part of efforts to combat Chinese cyberespionage. On March 18, 2020,
President Trump invoked the Defense Production Act in response to the
COVID-19 outbreak. Although President Trump invoked
the DPA, he indicated that he would not make immediate use of DPA
authority, writing, "Hopefully there will be no need", and indicating that
he would do so in a "worst-case scenario".
Manufacturing Readiness Level
is a measure developed by the United States Department of Defense (DOD) to
assess the maturity of manufacturing readiness, similar to how
Technology
Readiness Levels (TRL) are used for technology readiness. They can be used
in general industry assessments, or for more specific application in
assessing capabilities of possible suppliers. The Government
Accountability Office has described it as best practice for improving
acquisition outcomes. The United States Department of Defense adopted the
usage of MRLs in 2005, but the GAO continued to note inconsistent
application across DOD components. In 2011, consideration of manufacturing
readiness and related processes of potential contractors and
subcontractors was made mandatory as part of the source selection process
in major acquisition programs. MRLs are quantitative measures used to
assess the maturity of a given technology, component or system from a
manufacturing perspective. They are used to provide decision makers at all
levels with a common understanding of the relative maturity and attendant
risks associated with manufacturing technologies, products, and processes
being considered. Manufacturing risk identification and management must
begin at the earliest stages of technology development, and continue
vigorously throughout each stage of a program’s life-cycles. Manufacturing
Readiness Level definitions were developed by a joint DOD/industry working
group under the sponsorship of the Joint Defense Manufacturing Technology
Panel (JDMTP). The intent was to create a measurement scale that would
serve the same purpose for manufacturing readiness as Technology Readiness
Levels serve for technology readiness – to provide a common metric and
vocabulary for assessing and discussing manufacturing maturity, risk and
readiness. MRLs were designed with a numbering system to be roughly
congruent with comparable levels of TRLs for synergy and ease of
understanding and use.
Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication: Lessons from the Elk River Spill.
Effective government saves lives in cyclones, other disasters.
Military Exercise War Game
- False Alarms
Crisis &
Emergency Risk Communication or CERC has 6 Principles to teach
effective communication before, during, and after an emergency. 1.
Be First - 2. Be Right - 3. Be Credible - 4. Express Empathy - 5. Promote
Action - 6. Show Respect.
Recovery
Disaster Recovery involves a
set of policies and
procedures to
enable the recovery or
continuation of vital technology
infrastructure and systems following a natural or human-induced
disaster. Disaster recovery focuses on the IT or technology systems
supporting critical business functions, as opposed to business
continuity, which involves keeping all essential aspects of a
business functioning despite significant disruptive events. Disaster
recovery is therefore a subset of business continuity.
Recovers Organizing
Toolkit - (413-219-5613)
Ultimate Guide Rebuilding Civilization (Book on Amazon)
Rebuilding -
Restoring -
Redevelopment -
Recovery -
The Power of RE -
Shelters -
Emergency Shelters
Disaster Recovery Plan is a documented process or set of
procedures to
recover and protect a business IT infrastructure in
the event of a disaster. Such a plan, ordinarily documented in
written form, specifies procedures an organization is to follow in
the event of a disaster. It is "a comprehensive statement of
consistent actions to be taken before, during and after a disaster".
The disaster could be natural, environmental or man-made. Man-made
disasters could be intentional (for example, an act of a terrorist)
or unintentional (that is, accidental, such as the breakage of a
man-made dam). Given organizations' increasing dependency on
information technology to run their operations, a disaster recovery
plan, sometimes erroneously called a Continuity of Operations Plan
(COOP), is increasingly associated with the recovery of information
technology data, assets, and facilities.
Disaster Management Cycle:
Mitigation -
Minimizing the effects of
disaster. Examples: building codes and
zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education.
Preparedness - Planning how to respond. Examples: preparedness
plans; emergency exercises/training;
warning systems.
Response - Efforts to minimize the hazards
created by a disaster. Examples: search and rescue; emergency relief.
Recovery - Returning the community to
normal. Examples: temporary housing; grants; medical care.
Damage Control is the emergency control of situations that may
cause the sinking of a watercraft. Examples are: Rupture of a
pipe or hull especially below the waterline and damage from
grounding (running aground) or hard berthing against a wharf.
Temporary fixing of bomb or explosive damage.
Emergency Preparedness Plans - Is your City, Town or Government
Prepared?
Continuity of Government is the principle of establishing
defined procedures that allow a
government to continue its
essential
operations in case of nuclear war or other
catastrophic event.
Informed -
Warnings -
Prepare -
Continuity -
Emergency Kits -
Rescue
National Response System is a mechanism routinely and effectively used
to respond to a wide range of oil and
hazardous
substance releases. It is a multi-layered system involving individuals
and teams from tribal, local, state, and federal agencies, as well as
industry and other organizations. These groups share expertise and
resources to ensure that response and cleanup activities are timely,
efficient, and minimize threats to human health and the environment.
Intelligence Cycle is the fundamental cycle of intelligence
processing in a civilian or military intelligence agency or in law
enforcement as a closed path consisting of repeating nodes. The
stages of the intelligence cycle include the issuance of
requirements by decision makers, collection, processing, analysis,
and publication of intelligence. The circuit is completed when
decision makers provide feedback and revised requirements. The
intelligence cycle is also called the Intelligence Process by the
U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the uniformed services The
intelligence cycle is an effective way of processing information and
turning it into relevant and actionable intelligence.
Incident
Command System is a standardized approach to the command, control, and
coordination of emergency response providing a
common hierarchy within which responders from multiple agencies can be
effective and also meet the needs of a jurisdiction to cope with incidents
of any kind or complexity (i.e. it expands or contracts as needed). The
Incident Command System (ICS) is a management system designed to enable
effective and efficient domestic incident management by integrating a
combination of facilities, equipment, personnel, procedures, and
communications operating within a common organizational structure. ICS
allows personnel from a wide variety of agencies to meld rapidly into a
common management structure with common terminology. Provide logistical
and administrative support to operational staff. Be cost effective by
avoiding duplication of efforts, and continuing overhead. Provide a
unified, centrally authorized emergency organization. Weaknesses in
incident management were often due to: Lack of accountability, including
unclear chain of command and supervision. Poor communication due to both
inefficient uses of available communications systems and conflicting codes
and terminology. Lack of an orderly, systematic planning process. No
predefined methods to integrate inter-agency requirements into the
management structure and planning process effectively. Freelancing by
individuals within the first responding team without the direction from
team leader (IC) and those with specialized skills during an incident
without coordination with other first responders. Lack of knowledge with
common terminology during an incident.
National Incident Management System is a standardized approach to
incident management to facilitate coordination between all responders
(including all levels of government with public, private, and
nongovernmental organizations).
Command Center is any place that is used to provide centralized
command for some purpose. Teams of communications people who monitor and
listen to the media and the public, respond to inquiries, and synthesize
opinions to determine the best course of action. A command center enables
an organization to function as designed, to perform day-to-day operations
regardless of what is happening around it, in a manner in which no one
realizes it is there but everyone knows who is in charge when there is
trouble. a command center is a source of leadership and guidance to ensure
that service and order is maintained.
Control Room is a room serving as a central space where a large
physical facility or physically dispersed service can be monitored and
controlled. A control room will often be part of a larger command center.
Control rooms are usually equipped with elaborate fire suppression and
security systems to safeguard their contents and occupants, and to ensure
continued operation in emergencies. In hazardous environments, the control
room may also serve as an area of refuge for personnel trapped onsite. The
rooms are typically crammed with equipment, mounted in multi-function rack
mount cabinets to allow updating. The dense concentration of equipment
often requires special electrical uninterruptible power supply (UPS) feeds
and air conditioning. Since the control equipment is intended to control
other items in the surrounding facility, these (often fire-resistance
rated) service rooms require many penetrations for cables. Due to routine
equipment updates these penetrations are subject to frequent changes, so
that a control room maintenance program must include vigilant firestop
maintenance for code compliance. Due to the nature of the sensitive
equipment inside control room cabinets, it is useful to ensure the use of
"T-rated" firestops, that are massive and thick enough to resist heat
transmission to the inside of the control room. It is also common to place
control rooms under positive pressure ventilation to prevent smoke or
toxic gases from entering. If used, gaseous fire suppressants must occupy
the space that is to be protected for a minimum period of time to be sure
a fire can be completely extinguished. Openings in such spaces must,
therefore, be kept to a minimum to prevent the escape of the suppression
gas. A mobile control room is designated as particularly in high risk
facilities, such as a nuclear power station or a petrochemical facility.It
can provided a guaranteed life support for the anticipated safety control.
White House Situation Room is a conference room and intelligence
management center in the basement of the West Wing of the White House.
It is run by the National Security Council staff for the use of the
President of the United States and their advisors (including the
National Security Advisor, the Homeland Security Advisor and the White
House Chief of Staff) to monitor and deal with crises at home and abroad
and to conduct secure communications with outside (often overseas)
persons. The Situation Room is equipped with secure, advanced
communications equipment for the President to maintain command and
control of U.S. forces around the world.
Supply Chain
-
Supply and Demand -
Scarcity
Emergency Management is the creation of plans through which
communities reduce vulnerability to hazards and cope with disasters.
Disaster management does not avert or eliminate the threats;
instead, it focuses on creating plans to decrease the effect of
disasters. Failure to create a plan could lead to human mortality,
lost revenue, and damage to assets. Events covered by disaster
management include acts of terrorism, industrial sabotage, fire,
natural disasters (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, etc.), public
disorder, industrial accidents, and communication failures.
National Intelligence Emergency Management -
National Intelligence Strategy (PDF)
International
Association of Emergency Managers
Business Support Systems are the components that a telecommunications
service provider uses to run its business operations towards customers.
Together with operations support systems, they are used to support various
end-to-end
telecommunication services. BSS and OSS have their own data and
service responsibilities.
Business Process Framework is an operating model framework for telecom
service providers in the
telecommunications industry. The model describes the required business
processes of service providers, and defines key elements and how they
should interact. The Business Process Framework (eTOM) is a standard
maintained by the TM Forum, an association for service providers and their
suppliers in the telecommunications and entertainment industries.
Insurance Broker (wiki) -
Insurance Institute
for Business & Home Safety
75w DC AC Power Inverter for Car Emergency Power (amazon)
National Emergency Training Center library The National Emergency
Training Center’s (NETC) library provides information and resources on
fire, emergency management and other all-hazards subjects. With our
collection of more than 208,000 books, reports, audiovisual materials and
indexed articles, the library supports National Fire Academy and Emergency
Management Institute student and faculty research, classroom lectures, and
development of course materials.
Survival Tips -
Medical Kits
Flooding Risks -
Driving on Flooded Streets -
Flooded Roads
Network Operations Center is one or more locations from which network
monitoring and control, or
network management, is exercised over a computer, telecommunication or
satellite network.
RUN. HIDE.
FIGHT. Surviving an Active Shooter Event (youtube)
Disasters Websites
-
Civi Guard
Emergency Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and
procedures for use when a disaster occurs. This equipment and these
procedures can be used to reduce vulnerability to disaster, to
mitigate the impacts of a disaster or to respond more efficiently in
an emergency.
Emergency
Preparedness Tips for Storms and Power Outages (youtube)
Radio
(radio technology)
Winter Power Outage Tips -
Power
Outage Tips
Hurricane Safety Tips -
Winter Storm
Tips -
Weather Warnings
-
Weather Information Websites
Emergency Supplies, Food and Water Tips from FEMA (PDF)
International Search and Rescue Advisory Group is a network of
disaster-prone and disaster-responding countries and organizations
dedicated to urban search and rescue (USAR) and operational field
coordination. It aims to establish standards and classification for
international USAR teams as well as methodology for international response
coordination in the aftermath of earthquakes and collapsed structure
disasters. The INSARAG Secretariat is located in the United Nations Office
for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA).
Search and Rescue
-
Search
& Rescue Task Force
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs was
designed to strengthen the UN's response to complex emergencies and
natural disasters. Earlier UN organizations with similar tasks were the
Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHA), and its predecessor, the Office
of the United Nations Disaster Relief Coordinator (UNDRO). In 1998, due to
reorganization, DHA merged into OCHA and was designed to be the UN focal
point on major disasters. It is a sitting observer of the political debate
United Nations Development Group. After merging with the DHA, its mandate
was expanded to encompass the coordination of humanitarian response,
policy development and humanitarian advocacy.
Emergency Foods -
Emergency Medical Services
Public Safety -
Stressful Situations
Federal Emergency Management Agency -
FEMA -
Lessons
Learned - FEMA
The International Association for Disaster Preparedness and Response
(DERA) -
DERA Online Emergency Operations Center
Disaster Center Resources -
Red Cross
Chapters
White Helmets in the
Syrian Civil War are officially known as Syria Civil
Defense, is a volunteer civil defense organization that currently
operates in parts of rebel-controlled Syria. The White Helmets should not
be confused with the Syrian Civil Defense Forces which have been a member
of the ICDO (International Civil Defense Organization) since 1972.
White Helmets website.
Civil Defense or civil protection is an effort to protect the citizens
of a state from military attacks and
natural
disasters. It uses the principles of emergency operations: prevention,
mitigation, preparation, response, or emergency evacuation and recovery.
Programs of this sort were initially discussed at least as early as the
1920s and were implemented in some countries during the 1930s as the
threat of war and aerial bombardment grew. It became widespread after the
threat of nuclear weapons was realized.
United States Civil Defense refers to the use of civil defense in the
history of the United States, which is the organized non-military effort
to prepare Americans for military attack. Over the last twenty years, the
term and practice of civil defense have fallen into disuse and have been
replaced by emergency management and homeland security.
Emergency Social Services is a component of the Provincial
Emergency Program of the Province of British Columbia. ESS are those
services required to preserve the well-being of people affected by
an emergency or disaster. Teams are established in local
municipalities and assemble together for meetings and contingency
planning.
Doomsday Drill Includes Local Agencies
Mitigation are measures that eliminate or reduce the impacts and
risks of hazards through proactive measures taken before an
emergency or disaster occurs.
To act in such a way as to
cause an offense to seem less serious. The action of lessening in
severity or intensity.
Hazard Mitigation Planning is the effort to reduce loss of life
and property by lessening the impact of disasters. It is most
effective when implemented under a comprehensive, long-term
mitigation plan. State, tribal, and local governments engage in
hazard mitigation planning to identify risks and vulnerabilities
associated with natural disasters, and develop long-term strategies
for protecting people and property from future hazard events.
Mitigation plans are key to breaking the cycle of disaster damage,
reconstruction, and repeated damage.
Developing Hazard Mitigation Plans enables State,
Tribal, and local
Governments to:
Increase education and awareness around
threats, hazards, and vulnerabilities; Build partnerships for
risk reduction involving government, organizations, businesses, and
the public; Identify long-term, broadly-supported strategies for
risk reduction; Align risk reduction with other state, tribal, or
community objectives; Identify implementation approaches that
focus resources on the greatest risks and vulnerabilities; and
Communicate priorities to potential sources of funding.
Moreover, a FEMA-approved hazard mitigation plan is a condition for
receiving certain types of non-emergency disaster assistance,
including funding for mitigation projects. Ultimately, hazard
mitigation planning enables action to reduce loss of life and
property, lessening the impact of disasters.
Hazus Software is a nationally applicable standardized methodology
that contains
models
for estimating potential losses from earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, and
tsunamis. Hazus uses Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology to
estimate physical, economic, and social impacts of
disasters. It graphically illustrates the limits of identified
high-risk locations due to earthquakes, hurricanes, floods, and tsunamis.
Users can then visualize the spatial relationships between populations and
other more permanently fixed geographic assets or resources for the
specific hazard being modeled, a crucial function in the pre-disaster
planning process. Users can download the
Hazus Software for Free from the FEMA Flood Map Service Center (MSC).
A new study shows natural disasters have caused more than $7 trillion and left
over eight million people dead over the past century. (many more deaths then what is reported).
Stockpile - Beefing Up Supplies
Strategic National Stockpile is the nation’s largest supply of
life-saving pharmaceuticals and medical supplies for use in a public
health emergency severe enough to
cause local supplies to run out. When
state, local, tribal, and territorial responders request federal
assistance to support their response efforts, the stockpile ensures that
the right medicines and supplies get to
those who need them most during an
emergency. Organized for scalable response to a variety of public health
threats, this repository contains enough supplies to respond to multiple
large-scale emergencies simultaneously.
SNS has large quantities of
medicine and medical supplies to protect the American public if
there is a
public health emergency. The
Strategic National Stockpile is the United States' national repository
of antibiotics, vaccines, chemical antidotes, antitoxins, and other
critical medical supplies. Its website states that the
Strategic National Stockpile's role is to supplement state and local
supplies during public health emergencies. Many states have products
stockpiled, as well. The supplies, medicines, and devices for life-saving
care contained in the stockpile can be used as a short-term stopgap buffer
when the immediate supply of adequate amounts of these materials may not
be immediately available.
CHEMPACKs are containers of nerve agent antidotes placed in secure
locations in local jurisdictions around the country to allow rapid
response to a chemical incident. These medications treat the symptoms of
nerve agent exposure and can be used even when the actual agent is
unknown. Because these antidotes must be administered quickly, the
CHEMPACK team maintains 1,960 containers strategically placed in more than
1,340 locations in the United States. More than 90 percent of the U.S.
population is within 1 hour of a CHEMPACK location. Most are located in
hospitals or fire stations selected by local authorities to support a
rapid hazmat response and can be accessed quickly if hospitals or first
responders need them.
Stockpile is something kept back or
saved for future use or a
special purpose. A storage pile accumulated for future use. To
have on
hand in an emergency.
Savings
Account.
Supply is an amount of something available
for use.
Supply Chain
-
Aid Assistance -
Supply and Demand -
Scarcity
Stockpiling is
Not the
Same as
Hoarding or
saving things for an emergency. There's a big difference between
planning and
over reacting because you're
paranoid or
selfish.
Why are people
hoarding paper towels,
toilet paper and hand
sanitizer? Because most people are
ignorant and
selfish. There is no rational reason to hoard, unless you are a
psychopath with
malicious intent to cause people to panic
by buying large amounts of products. People need to respect
quantity limits so that everyone can
share the supplies.
There are people who actually need certain things to do their job and also
provide services that keeps everyone safe. There’s no need to hoard stuff
when a particular product is unlikely to suffer from a shortage. Media people
spread rumors and
fears, and people are easily influenced by
herd mentality,
and people can easily
over-react and
panic, which could cause
supply and demand problems, shortages and
price gouging.
Panic
Buying occurs when
consumers buy unusually large amounts of a product
in anticipation of, or after, a disaster or perceived disaster, or in
anticipation of a large price increase or shortage. Panic buying is a type
of herd behavior. It is of interest in consumer behavior theory, the broad
field of economic study dealing with explanations for "collective action
such as fads and fashions, stock market movements, runs on nondurable
goods, buying sprees, hoarding, and banking panics." Panic buying can lead
to genuine shortages regardless of whether the risk of a shortage is real
or perceived; the latter scenario is an example of self-fulfilling
prophecy.
Scarcity in social psychology is when humans place a higher value on
an object that is scarce, and a lower value on those that are in
abundance. if a product is sold out, or inventory is extremely low, humans
interpret that to mean the product must be good since everyone else
appears to be buying it. If someone has already committed themselves to
something, then find out they cannot have it, it makes the person want the
item more.
Scarcity principle is an
economic theory in which a limited supply of a good, coupled with a high
demand for that good, results in a mismatch between the desired supply and
demand equilibrium.
Marketing Tactics.
Food Preserving - Food Ready to Eat - Food on
the Go
Meal, Ready-to-Eat is a self-contained, individual field ration in
lightweight packaging. MREs replaced the canned MCI, or Meal, Combat,
Individual rations, in 1981. 1200 Calories (5020.8 kJ). They are intended
to be eaten for a maximum of 21 days. General contents may include: Main
course (entree). Side dish. Dessert or snack (often commercial candy,
fortified pastry, or Soldier Fuel Bar.). Crackers or bread. Spread of
cheese, peanut butter, or jelly. Powdered beverage mix: fruit flavored
drink, cocoa, instant coffee or tea, sport drink, or dairy shake. Utensils
(usually just a plastic spoon). Flameless ration heater (FRH). Beverage
mixing bag. Accessory pack: Xylitol chewing gum. Water-resistant
matchbook. Napkin / toilet paper. Moist towelette. Seasonings, including
salt, pepper, sugar, creamer, and/or Tabasco sauce. Freeze dried coffee
powder.
Food Preservation
-
Storage (refrigeration) -
Space Travel Food
MRE - Meals Ready to Eat -
New Earth MRE
Field
Ration is a canned or pre-packaged meal, easily prepared and eaten,
using canned, pre-cooked or freeze-dried foods, powdered beverage mixes
and concentrated food bars, as well as for long shelf life.
Emergency Foods -
Stockpile
Meal, Combat, Individual Ration was the name of canned wet combat
rations from 1958 to 1980, when it was replaced by the Meal, Ready-to-Eat
(MRE).
LRP
Ration was a freeze-dried
dehydrated field ration.
A-Ration
was fresh, refrigerated, or frozen foods.
B-Ration
was prepared in field kitchens and served in the field, using canned or
preserved ingredients.
C-Ration
was an individual canned, pre-cooked, and prepared wet ration.
K-Ration
provided three separately boxed meal units: breakfast, dinner (lunch) and
supper (dinner). Caloric and vitamin content were judged as inadequate.
Prepare Wise -
Recipes -
Food Coops
Vitamins -
Nutrition Bars -
Outdoor Gear
Food Insurance -
Food Security -
Farming Knowledge
-
Seeds
Rocket Stove -
Rocket Stoves -
Cookers
(stoves)
How to Make Fire by Rubbing Sticks (youtube)
1 Years worth of Freeze-Dried and Dehydrated
Food Supply
Rocket Stoves (youtube)
Emergency Shelters
Emergency Shelter is a place for people to live temporarily when they
cannot live in their previous residence, similar to homeless shelters. The
main difference is that an emergency
shelter typically specializes in
people fleeing a specific type of situation, such as natural or man-made
disasters, domestic violence, or victims of sexual abuse. A more minor
difference is that people staying in
emergency shelters are
more likely to stay all day, except for work, school, or errands, while
homeless shelters usually expect
people to stay elsewhere during the day, returning only to sleep or eat.
Emergency shelters sometimes facilitate support groups, and/or provide
meals. Post-disaster emergency shelter is often provided by organizations
or governmental emergency management departments, in response to natural
disasters, such as a flood or earthquake. They tend to use tents or other
temporary structures, or buildings normally used for another purpose, such
as a church or school. These settlements may be inhabited for the entire
duration of the reconstruction process and should be thought of more as
settlements than shelter, and need to be planned with respect to water /
sanitation, livelihoods. A newer category of emergency shelter is the
warming center. Warming centers typically open during particularly cold or
rainy nights. They are available to persons who decline to accept homeless
shelters, are not allowed to use homeless shelters, or are not homeless,
but have inadequate or malfunctioning heat in their homes.
Stadiums -
Emergency Shelters -
Homeless
Homeless Shelter are a type of homeless service agency which provide
temporary residence for homeless individuals and families. Shelters exist
to provide residents with safety and protection from exposure to the
weather while simultaneously reducing the environmental impact on the
community. They are similar to, but distinguishable from, various types of
emergency shelters, which are typically operated for specific
circumstances and populations—fleeing natural disasters or abusive social
circumstances. Extreme weather conditions create problems similar to
disaster management scenarios, and are handled with warming centers, which
typically operate for short durations during adverse weather.
Homeless Resources:
Homeless Shelter Directory -
Homeless Assistance Programs -
Relief Shelters -
Shelter Systems
-
Survivor Shelter -
Emergency Shelters -
Emergency Shelter Types -
Shelters -
Building an Emergency Shelter with Whatever You
Have.
How To Build An A-Frame Shelter (youtube) -
How to Build an
Emergency Shelter (youtube)
Shelter in Place is to seek safety within the building one already
occupies, rather than evacuating the area or seeking a community emergency
shelter. To find a safe location indoors and staying there until you are
given an “all clear” or told to evacuate.
Safe Room is a
fortified room that is installed in a private residence or business to
provide a safe shelter, or hiding place, for the inhabitants in the event
of a break in, home invasion, tornado, terror attack, or other threat.
Safe rooms usually contain communications equipment, so that law
enforcement authorities can be contacted. a room in a house or other
building that is invulnerable to attack or intrusion, and from which
security operations can be directed.
Storm
Cellar
is a type of underground bunker designed to protect the occupants from
violent severe weather, particularly tornadoes. They are most frequently
seen in the Midwest ("Tornado Alley") and Southeastern United States where
tornadoes are generally frequent and the low water table permits
underground structures.
Storm Door
storm door is a type of door that is installed in front of an exterior
access door to protect it from bad weather and allow ventilation. Storm
doors generally have interchangeable glass panels and window screen panels
to provide visibility and prevent flying insects from entering the home.
Storm
Window are windows that are mounted outside or inside of the
main glass windows of a house.
Storm windows can be made of glass, rigid plastic panels, or flexible
plastic sheets; and may be permanently or temporarily mounted. They
function similarly to insulated glazing. The term may also refer to a
small openable flap found in the side window on light aircraft. On modern
houses they serve on existing windows in order to improve their thermal
insulation and soundproofing. Aside from insulation, storm windows provide
an additional measure of protection for homes against damages to costly
glass panes during inclement weather such as hail. On older houses, storm
windows were installed in autumn when window screens were removed. Later
units combined the storm and screen pieces. Similarly, storm doors (also
called "screen doors") allow similar energy savings with less efficient
primary doors – and allow a screen for summer ventilation.
Bunker is a defensive military
fortification designed to protect people and valued materials from falling
bombs or other attacks. Bunkers are mostly underground, in contrast to
blockhouses which are mostly above ground. They were used extensively in
World War I, World War II, and the Cold War for weapons facilities,
command and control centers, and storage facilities. Bunkers can also be
used as protection from tornadoes.
Bomb
Shelter
is a structure designed to provide protection against the effects of a
bomb.
We
Explored the World’s Largest Doomsday Community (575 underground bunkers)
(youtube) - We spent 24 hours exploring 575 underground bunkers in the
middle of South Dakota being converted into the worlds largest prepper
community.
Blast
Shelter is a place
where people can go to
protect themselves from blasts and explosions, like
those from bombs, or in hazardous worksites, such as on oil and gas
refineries or petrochemical facilities. It differs from a fallout shelter,
in that its main purpose is to protect from shock waves and overpressure
instead of from radioactive precipitation, as a fallout shelter does. It
is also possible for a shelter to protect from both blasts and fallout.
Fallout
Shelter is an enclosed
space specially designed to
protect occupants from radioactive debris or
fallout resulting from a
nuclear explosion. Many such shelters were
constructed as civil defense measures during the Cold War. During a
nuclear explosion, matter vaporized in the resulting fireball is exposed
to neutrons from the explosion, absorbs them, and becomes radioactive.
When this material condenses in the rain, it forms dust and light sandy
materials that resemble ground pumice. The fallout emits alpha and beta
particles, as well as gamma rays. Much of this highly radioactive material
falls to earth, subjecting anything within the line of sight to radiation,
becoming a significant hazard. A fallout shelter is designed to allow its
occupants to minimize exposure to harmful fallout until radioactivity has
decayed to a safer level.
Infectious Disease Control - Virus Containment
Biocontainment
is
the physical containment of
pathogenic organisms or agents
such as
bacteria,
viruses, and
toxins.
Containment is
usually done by isolation in environmentally
and in biologically secure
cabinets or rooms, to prevent accidental infection
of workers or the release into the
surrounding community during scientific
research or
pandemics. Laboratory context primary
containment is the first
container in direct contact with
bio-hazardous
material as well as
protection of personnel and the immediate laboratory
environment from exposure to infectious agents.
Primary containment
requires using proper storage containers, good microbiological technique,
and the use of
appropriate
safety equipment such as biological safety cabinets.
Secondary
containment is the protection of the environment external to the
laboratory from exposure to
infectious materials and is provided by a
combination of
facility design and
operational practices.
The term bio-containment was first used in 1985, but the concept stretches
back at least to the 1940s.
Positive Pressure Room.
Containment is to
stop something from
spreading. A
system designed to
prevent the
accidental release of a
toxin.
Isolation -
Quarantine -
Social Distancing -
Lock Down -
Contagious
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions are actions that people and
communities can take to help slow the spread of illnesses like
pandemic influenza.
What you do personally
is to stay home when you are sick.
Cover your coughs and sneezes with a
tissue.
Wash your hands often with soap and water.
What communities do is implement
social distancing interventions in
schools, workplaces, and at events.
What everyone
can do to keep the environment germ-free is clean frequently
touched surfaces and objects like door knobs.
Community Mitigation Guidelines to Prevent Pandemic Influenza - United
States, 2017 -
pdf.
Mitigation the action of
reducing the severity, seriousness, or painfulness of something.
Mitigation is the
reduction of something harmful or the reduction of its harmful effects. It
may refer to measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of hazards that
remain a threat, or to
manage harmful incidents that have already
occurred. It is a stage or component of
emergency
management and of
risk management.
Critical Care Decontamination System -
Personal Protective Equipment
Pandemics -
Epidemic Outbreaks -
Pesticides -
COVID-19
Coronavirus
COVID-19 Global Cases Map (Johns Hopkins University) -
WHO -
CDC
Take everyday preventive actions:
Wash your hands with soap
and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after blowing your nose,
coughing, or sneezing, or touching things in a public place. If soap and water
are not available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60%
alcohol. To the extent possible,
avoid touching
high-touch surfaces in public places – elevator buttons, door
handles, handrails, handshaking with people, etc. Use a tissue or your
sleeve to cover your hand or finger if you must touch something. Wash your
hands after touching surfaces in public places.
Avoid touching your face, nose, eyes, etc.
Clean and disinfect your home to remove germs: practice routine
cleaning of frequently touched surfaces (for example: tables, doorknobs,
light switches, handles, desks, toilets, faucets, sinks & cell phones).
Avoid crowds, especially in poorly ventilated
spaces. Your risk of exposure to respiratory viruses like COVID-19 may
increase in crowded, closed-in settings with little air circulation if
there are people in the crowd who are sick. Avoid all non-essential travel
including plane trips, and especially avoid embarking on cruise ships.
Stay home when you are sick.
What to do if You are Sick?
Call Your Doctor.
Bio-Containment Unit -
After Ebola:
Nebraska and the Next Pandemic Apr 19, 2017 (youtube)
Contact Tracing is the process of identification of persons who may
have come into contact with an infected person ("contacts") and subsequent
collection of further information about these contacts. By tracing the
contacts of infected individuals,
testing them for infection, treating the
infected and tracing their contacts in turn, public health aims to reduce
infections in the population. Diseases for which contact tracing is
commonly performed for include tuberculosis, vaccine-preventable
infections like measles, sexually transmitted infections (including HIV),
blood-borne infections, some serious bacterial infections, and novel
infections (e.g.
SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2).
The goals of contact tracing are: To interrupt ongoing transmission
and reduce spread of an infection. To alert contacts to the possibility of
infection and offer preventive counseling or prophylactic care. To offer
diagnosis, counseling and treatment to already infected individuals. If
the infection is treatable, to help prevent reinfection of the originally
infected patient. To learn about the epidemiology of a disease in a
particular population. Contact tracing has been a pillar of communicable
disease control in public health for decades. The eradication of smallpox,
for example, was achieved not by universal immunization, but by exhaustive
contact tracing to find all infected persons. This was followed by
isolation of infected individuals and immunization of the surrounding
community and contacts at-risk of contracting smallpox. In cases of
diseases of uncertain infectious potential, contact tracing is also
sometimes performed to learn about disease characteristics, including
infectiousness. Contact tracing is not always the most efficient method of
addressing infectious disease. In areas of high disease prevalence,
screening or focused
testing may be more cost-effective. Partner
notification, also called partner care, is a subset of contact tracing
aimed specifically at informing sexual partners of an infected person and
addressing their health needs.
Testing -
Lab Work.
COVID-19 Apps
are mobile software applications designed to
aid
contact tracing in response to the 2019-20 coronavirus pandemic,
i.e. the process of identifying persons ("contacts") who may have been in
contact with an infected individual. Numerous applications were developed
or proposed, with official government support in some territories and
jurisdictions. Several frameworks for building contact tracing apps have
been developed. Privacy concerns have been raised, especially about
systems that are based on tracking the geographical location of app users.
Less intrusive alternatives include the use of Bluetooth signals to log a
user's proximity to other cellphones. On 10 April 2020, Google and Apple
jointly announced that they would integrate functionality to support such
Bluetooth-based apps directly into their Android and iOS operating
systems.
Contact-Tracing Apps.
Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some
other undesirable element that spoils, corrupts, infects, makes unfit, or
makes inferior a material, physical body, natural environment, workplace,
etc.
Cross Contamination is the
process by which bacteria or other microorganisms are unintentionally
transferred from one substance or object to another, with harmful effect.
Food Safety.
Safe Grocery
Shopping in COVID-19 Pandemic – UPDATED PSA!!! (youtube) - This is the
most current video for New CDC data, safe takeout food practices, and an
updated practice for safe grocery shopping/handling.
Food Waste.
Biosafety is the
prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity, focusing both on
ecology and human health. These prevention mechanisms include conduction
of regular reviews of the biosafety in laboratory settings, as well as
strict guidelines to follow. Biosafety is used to protect from harmful
incidents. Many laboratories handling biohazards employ an ongoing
risk management assessment and enforcement process for
biosafety. Failures to follow such
protocols can lead to increased risk of exposure to biohazards or
pathogens. Human error and poor technique contribute to unnecessary
exposure and compromise the best safeguards set into place for protection.
Biosafety
Level is a set of biocontainment precautions required to isolate
dangerous biological agents in an enclosed laboratory facility. At the
lowest level of biosafety, precautions may consist of regular hand-washing
and minimal protective equipment. At higher biosafety levels, precautions
may include airflow systems, multiple containment rooms, sealed
containers, positive pressure personnel suits, established protocols for
all procedures, extensive personnel training, and high levels of security
to control access to the facility.
Aeromedical Isolation Team was a military rapid response team with
worldwide airlift capability designed to safely evacuate and manage
contagious patients under high-level (BSL-4) bio-containment conditions.
Infectious Disease Emergency Preparedness Plan (IDEPP) (PDF)
Emergency Containment Plan to Respond to a Virus Infection.
CDC Planning -
CDC Outbreaks -
Outbreak Alerts
Control of Viral Infections and Diseases -
Immunoprophylaxis against
viral illnesses includes the use of
vaccines or antibody-containing preparations to provide immune protection
against a specific disease.
Active Prophylaxis
(
Vaccines). Active immunization involves
administering a virus preparation that stimulates the body's immune system
to produce its own specific immunity. Viral vaccines now available for use
include the following types: (1) attenuated live viruses; (2) killed
viruses; (3) recombinant produced antigens. A vaccinee is a person who has
been vaccinated.
Immune Response to Vaccines:
Vaccination evokes an antibody response and stimulates T lymphocytes.
Vaccine effectiveness is assessed in terms of percentage of recipients
protected and the duration and degree of protection. Most effective viral
vaccines protect more than 90 percent of recipients and produce fairly
durable immunity.
Passive Prophylaxis.
Passive immunity is conferred by administering antibodies formed in
another host. Human immunoglobulins remain a mainstay of passive
prophylaxis (and occasionally therapy) for viral illnesses; they are
usually used to protect individuals who have been exposed to a disease and
cannot be protected by vaccination.
Sanitation and
Vector Control. Many viral diseases are controlled by reducing
exposure to the virus by (1) eliminating nonhuman reservoirs, (2)
eliminating the vector, and (3) improving sanitation.
Antiviral Chemotherapy. There are three
types of antiviral agents: (1) virucidal agents, which directly inactivate
viruses, (2) antiviral agents, which inhibit viral replication, and (3)
immunomodulators, which boost the host immune response.
Interferons. Virus-infected cells and cells
induced with other agents, e.g., double-stranded polynucleotides, can
secrete proteins called interferons, which protect normal cells from viral
infection. Therapeutic administration of interferon alpha has proven
effective for several human viral illnesses.
Cytokines are molecules produced by cells which modify the
biological responses of the same or other cells.
Biological Hazard is a biological substance that poses a threat to the
health of living organisms, primarily humans. This could include a sample
of a microorganism, virus or toxin that can adversely affect human health.
A biohazard could also be a substance harmful to other animals.
Biomedical Waste is any kind of waste containing infectious (or
potentially infectious) materials. It may also include waste associated
with the generation of biomedical waste that visually appears to be of
medical or laboratory origin (e.g., packaging, unused bandages, infusion
kits, etc.), as well research laboratory waste containing biomolecules or
organisms that are mainly restricted from environmental release. As
detailed below, discarded sharps are considered biomedical waste whether
they are contaminated or not, due to the possibility of being contaminated
with blood and their propensity to cause injury when not properly
contained and disposed of. Biomedical waste is a type of biowaste.
Biomedical waste may be solid or liquid. Examples of infectious waste
include discarded blood, sharps, unwanted microbiological cultures and
stocks, identifiable body parts (including those as a result of
amputation), other human or animal tissue, used bandages and dressings,
discarded gloves, other medical supplies that may have been in contact
with blood and body fluids, and laboratory waste that exhibits the
characteristics described above. Waste sharps include potentially
contaminated used (and unused discarded) needles, scalpels, lancets and
other devices capable of penetrating skin. Biomedical waste is generated
from biological and medical sources and activities, such as the diagnosis,
prevention, or treatment of diseases. Common generators (or producers) of
biomedical waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing homes,
emergency medical services, medical research laboratories, offices of
physicians, dentists, and veterinarians, home health care, and morgues or
funeral homes. In healthcare facilities (i.e., hospitals, clinics,
doctor's offices, veterinary hospitals and clinical laboratories), waste
with these characteristics may alternatively be called medical or clinical
waste. Biomedical waste is distinct from normal trash or general waste,
and differs from other types of hazardous waste, such as chemical,
radioactive, universal or industrial waste. Medical facilities generate
waste hazardous chemicals and radioactive materials. While such wastes are
normally not infectious, they require proper disposal. Some wastes are
considered multihazardous, such as tissue samples preserved in formalin.
Hazardous Waste is waste that has substantial or
potential threats to public health or the environment. Characteristic
hazardous wastes are materials that are known or tested to exhibit one or
more of the following hazardous traits: Ignitability, Reactivity, Corrosivity, Toxicity. Listed hazardous wastes are materials specifically
listed by regulatory authorities as hazardous wastes which are from
non-specific sources, specific sources, or discarded chemical products.
Hazardous wastes may be found in different physical states such as
gaseous, liquids, or solids. A hazardous waste is a special type of waste
because it cannot be disposed of by common means like other by-products of
our everyday lives. Depending on the physical state of the waste,
treatment and solidification processes might be required.
Select Agent is something that has potential to pose a severe threat
to public health and safety.
High Containment Pathogen Preparation in the Intensive Care Unit.
World Health Organization Geneva 2004 Laboratory Biosafety Manual Third Edition. Sequences of steps of the safety procedure for the
containment of pathogenic organisms.
Biosafety in the laboratory 3rd revised edition, May 2004.
Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic
Laboratories.
Disaster
Response -
Preparedness
CIDRAP - Center for
Infectious Disease Research and Policy - Academic Health Center,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
Global Health Security
Index finds gaps in preparedness for
epidemics and
pandemics.
Even high-income countries are found lacking and score only in the average
range of preparedness.
Disease Outbreak News -
Health Travel Alerts
Air Quality Reports -
Earth Observatory Map (pollution) -
Weather
Water Quality -
Soil -
Safety Engineering
Passive Surveillance gathers
disease data from all potential reporting health care workers. Health
authorities do not stimulate reporting by reminding health care workers to
report disease nor providing feedback to individual health workers.
Passive surveillance is the most common type of surveillance in
humanitarian emergencies. Most surveillance for communicable diseases is
passive. The surveillance coordinator may provide training to health
workers in how to complete the surveillance forms, and may even send
someone to periodically collect forms from health facilities. But little
attention is given to individual health workers who report the
information. The data requested of each health worker is minimal.
Nonetheless, passive surveillance is often incomplete because there are
few incentives for health workers to report.
Active Surveillance system provides
stimulus to health care workers in the form of individual feedback or
other incentives. Often reporting frequency by individual health workers
is monitored; health workers who consistently fail to report or complete
the forms incorrectly are provided specific feedback to improve their
performance. There may also be incentives provided for complete reporting.
Active surveillance requires substantially more time and resources and is
therefore less commonly used in emergencies. But it is often more complete
than passive surveillance. It is often used if an outbreak has begun or is
suspected to keep close track of the number of cases. Community health
workers may be asked to do active case finding in the community in order
to detect those patients who may not come to health facilities for
treatment.
Sentinel Surveillance
selects, either randomly or intentionally, a small group of health workers
from whom to gather data from instead of attempting to gather surveillance
data from all health care workers. These health workers then receive
greater attention from health authorities than would be possible with
universal surveillance.
Sentinel surveillance also requires more time and resources, but can
often produce more detailed data on cases of illness because the health
care workers have agreed to participate and may receive incentives. It may
be the best type of surveillance if more intensive investigation of each
case is necessary to collect the necessary data. For example,
sentinel influenza
surveillance in the United States collects nasopharyngeal swabs from
each patient at selected sites to identify the type of influenza virus.
Collection of such data from all health workers would not be possible. A
sentinel surveillance system is used when high-quality data are needed
about a particular disease that cannot be obtained through a passive
system. Selected reporting units, with a high probability of seeing cases
of the disease in question, good laboratory facilities and experienced
well-qualified staff, identify and notify on certain diseases. Whereas
most passive surveillance systems receive data from as many health workers
or health facilities as possible, a sentinel system deliberately involves
only a limited network of carefully selected reporting sites. For example,
a network of large hospitals might be used to collect high-quality data on
various diseases and their causative organisms, such as invasive bacterial
disease caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b, meningococcus or
pneumococcus. Data collected in a well-designed sentinel system can be
used to signal trends, identify outbreaks and monitor the burden of
disease in a community, providing a rapid, economical alternative to other
surveillance methods. Because sentinel surveillance is conducted only in
selected locations, however, it may not be as effective for detecting rare
diseases or diseases that occur outside the catchment areas of the
sentinel sites. The following criteria should be considered in selecting a
sentinel health facility (usually a general or infectious disease
hospital) : It should be willing to participate. It serves a relatively
large population that has easy access to it. It has medical staff
sufficiently specialized to diagnoze, treat and report cases of the
disease under surveillance. It has a high-quality diagnostic laboratory.
U.S. Influenza Surveillance System: Purpose and Methods. Find out when
and where influenza activity is occurring; Determine what influenza
viruses are circulating; Detect changes in influenza viruses; and Measure
the impact influenza is having on outpatient illness, hospitalizations and
deaths. It is important to maintain a comprehensive system for influenza
surveillance for the following reasons: Influenza viruses are constantly
changing (referred to as antigenic drift), and thus ongoing data
collection and characterization of the viruses are required; Influenza
viruses can also undergo an abrupt, major change (referred to as antigenic
shift) that results in a virus that is different than currently
circulating influenza viruses; surveillance of viruses will detect these
changes and inform the public health response;Vaccines must be
administered annually and are updated regularly based on surveillance
findings; Treatment for influenza is guided by laboratory surveillance for
antiviral resistance; and Influenza surveillance and targeted research
studies are used to monitor the impact of influenza on different segments
of the population (e.g. age groups, underlying medical conditions).
Social Distancing - Isolation - Quarantine
Social Distancing are
infection control actions taken by public health officials to stop or slow
down the spread of a highly
contagious disease. The objective of social
distancing is to reduce the probability of contact between persons
carrying an infection, and others who are not infected, so as to minimize
disease transmission, morbidity and ultimately, mortality.
Social
distancing is most effective when the infection can be transmitted via
droplet contact (coughing or sneezing); direct physical contact, including
sexual contact; indirect physical contact (e.g. by touching a contaminated
surface such as a fomite); or airborne transmission (if the microorganism
can survive in the air for long periods).Social distancing may be less
effective in cases where the infection is transmitted primarily via
contaminated water or food or by vectors such as mosquitoes or other
insects, and less frequently from person to person. Drawbacks of social
distancing can include
loneliness, reduced productivity, and the loss of
other benefits associated with human interaction. It can also make it more
difficult for a community to monitor the health of its members. One of the
earliest references to social distancing dates to the seventh century BC
in the Book of Leviticus, 13:46: "And the leper in whom the plague is...he
shall dwell alone; [outside] the camp shall his habitation be."
Historically, leper colonies and lazarettos were established as a means of
preventing the spread of leprosy and other contagious diseases through
social distancing, until transmission was understood and effective
treatments were invented.
U.N.
Warns global lockdowns resulting In horrifying surge in
Domestic Violence.
Living Alone Skills
(introverts) -
Isolation Dangers
Shelter in Place is to seek safety within the building one already
occupies, rather than to evacuate the area or seek a community emergency
shelter. The American Red Cross says the warning is issued when "chemical,
biological, or radiological contaminants may be released accidentally or
intentionally into the environment" and residents should "select a small,
interior room, with no or few windows, taking refuge there.
Isolation in health care represents one of several measures that can
be taken to implement infection control and stop the prevention of
contagious
diseases from being spread from a patient to other patients, health care
workers, and visitors, or from outsiders to a particular patient (reverse
isolation). Various forms of isolation exist, in some of which contact
procedures are modified, and others in which the patient is kept away from
all others. In a system devised, and periodically revised, by the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), various levels of
patient isolation comprise application of one or more formally described
"precaution". Isolation is most commonly used when a patient is known to
have a contagious (transmissible from person-to-person) viral or bacterial
illness. Special equipment is used in the management of patients in the
various forms of isolation. These most commonly include items of personal
protective equipment (gowns, masks, and gloves) and engineering controls
(positive pressure rooms, negative pressure rooms, laminar air flow
equipment, and various mechanical and structural barriers). Dedicated
isolation wards may be pre-built into hospitals, or isolation units may be
temporarily designated in facilities in the midst of an epidemic
emergency. Isolation refers to what you should do when you suspect or
confirm that you have a virus even if you don't have symptoms.
Here are the steps to take: Monitor your
symptoms. If you have a symptom that warns of a potentially severe case,
such as trouble breathing, seek medical care immediately. Stay in a
separate room from other household members, if possible.Use a separate
bathroom, if possible. Avoid contact with other members of the household
and pets, who can also get COVID-19. Don't share personal household items,
like cups, towels and utensils. Wear a mask when around other people if
able.
Self-Isolation is an effective precautionary measure to protect those
around you, like your family, friends, colleagues from contracting a
virus. It means taking simple, common-sense steps to
avoid close contact with other people as much
as possible, like you would with the seasonal flu virus. We know it’s a
stressful time, but taking these measures will help protect you, your
family. As much as possible, you should limit your contact with people
other than the family members/companions you travelled with. You should
avoid having visitors to your home, but it
is okay for friends, family or delivery drivers to drop off food and
supplies. If you are in a home where the others who live with you haven’t
travelled or been in close contact with a confirmed case of COVID-19, you
should minimise close contact with them by avoiding situations where you
have
face-to-face contact closer than 2 metres for
more than 15 minutes. The other household residents do not need to
self-isolate provided these precautions are followed. You should
not share dishes, drinking glasses, cups,
eating utensils, towels, pillows or other items with other people in your
home. After using these items, you should wash them thoroughly with soap
and water, place them in the dishwasher for cleaning or wash them in your
washing machine. Staying at home and self-isolating presents its own
challenges, but there are things you can do to make the 14 days easier. If
you are self-isolating after travelling internationally, plan ahead and
think about what you need to be able to stay at home for the full 14 days
before your return to your home country. Talk to your employer, friends
and family to ask for their help to access the things you will need. Talk
to your employer to see if you can
work from home
during this time. Where possible, ask friends or family to drop off
anything you need or
order supplies online.
Make sure any deliveries are left outside your home for you to collect.
Many companies are now offering a ‘
contactless’
delivery option, where they notify you when they have delivered
your order but remain nearby to ensure you receive it.
You can keep in
touch with friends and family over the phone or internet, but don’t have
physical contact with anyone who isn’t isolating with you. Physical
exercise is good for your wellbeing. Look for online classes or courses to
help you take light exercise in your home. You can go outside, but you
need to limit your contact with others. It’s ok to go for a walk, run or
ride your bike, as long as you avoid people who aren’t self-isolating.
Don’t use public transport, taxis or similar transport methods during your
14-day period. You can use public transport after you arrive in New
Zealand for the sole purpose of returning to your home, but cannot use it
after that. You can use your own transport means (car, bike etc) whenever
you wish. You can live with others during your 14 days, but you need to
avoid close contact with them. This means you shouldn’t share beds, linen
or food.
Curfew
is an order specifying a time during which certain
regulations apply. Typically
it refers to the time when individuals are required to return to and stay
in their homes. Such an order may be issued by public authorities but also
by the owner of a house to those living in the household. For instance, an
au pair is typically given a curfew, which regulates when they must return
to the host family's home in the evening.
Quarantine is a restriction on the movement of people and goods which
is intended to prevent the spread of disease or pests. It is often used in
connection to disease and illness, preventing the movement of those who
may have been exposed to a communicable disease, but do not have a
confirmed medical diagnosis. The term is often used synonymously with
medical isolation, in which those confirmed to be infected with a
communicable disease are isolated from the healthy population. Quarantine
is a state, period, or place of isolation in which people or animals that
have arrived from elsewhere or been exposed to infectious or contagious
disease are placed. Quarantine refers to
staying
away from others after being exposed to someone with COVID-19 when
you don't know whether you've been infected or not. The current definition
of exposure: being in contact with that COVID-stricken person for more
than a total of 15 minutes in a single day and at a distance of 6 feet or
less, although it is possible that the nature of the omicron variant could
lead to changes in that definition).
Number
Needed to Treat.
Mobile Quarantine Facility is a
converted
airstream trailer used by
NASA to
quarantine astronauts returning
from Apollo lunar missions for the first few days after splashdown. The
MQF was on the aircraft carrier that picked up the capsule. Once the
aircraft carrier reached port, the MQF was flown to Houston, and the crew
served the remainder of the
21 days of quarantine
in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory at the Manned Spacecraft Center. The
purpose of the quarantine was to prevent the spread of any contagions from
the Moon, though the existence of such contagions was considered unlikely.
It functioned by maintaining a lower pressure inside and filtering any air
vented.
Martial Law is the imposition of direct military
control of normal
civilian functions by a government, especially in response to a temporary
emergency such as invasion or major disaster, or in an occupied territory.
Can be used to separate and restrict the movement of persons; it is a
'state of enforced isolation'. This is often used in connection to
disease and illness, such as those who may possibly
have been exposed to a communicable disease.
Lockdown
is an emergency
protocol
that usually prevents people or
information from leaving an area.
Containment.
Focused
Lockdown is the isolation and containment of infected people, as
well as those who were in close contact with the infected people.
Freedom to Assemble -
The fucken lockdown
kid (youtube).
House
Arrest is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities
to their residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all. House
arrest is an alternative to being in a
prison while awaiting trial or after sentencing. While house arrest
can be applied to criminal cases when prison does not seem an appropriate
measure, the term is often applied to the use of house confinement as a
measure of repression by
authoritarian governments against political
dissidents. In these cases, the person under house arrest often does not
have access to any means of communication with people outside of the home;
if electronic communication is allowed, conversations may be monitored.
(also called home confinement, home detention, or, in modern times,
electronic monitoring).
Internment is the
imprisonment of
people, commonly in large groups, without charges or intent to file
charges, and thus no trial. The term is especially used for the
confinement "of enemy citizens in wartime or of
terrorism suspects". Thus,
while it can simply mean imprisonment, it tends to refer to preventive
confinement rather than confinement after having been convicted of some
crime. Use of these terms is subject to debate and political
sensitivities. Interned persons may be held in prisons or in facilities
known as internment camps, also known as concentration camps. This
involves internment generally, as distinct from the subset, the Nazi
extermination camps, commonly referred to as
death camps.
Open
Prison is any
jail in which the prisoners are trusted to serve their
sentences with minimal supervision and perimeter security and are often
not locked up in their prison cells. Prisoners may be permitted to take up
employment while serving their sentence.
Mobile
Phone Data shows more Americans are leaving their homes, despite
orders. The nation saw decline in social distancing in late April. The data
provided was
anonymized, meaning the locations of exact devices were
hidden, with only general trends shown. What these metrics don't account
for is how people practice social distancing when they leave their homes.
A picnic in an empty park, for example, would be counted the same as a
trip to a crowded grocery store.
Containment Actions: Employees in
essential jobs and government
personnel can continue to work. All other people are ordered to work from
home. Citizens should stay home where possible. Essential businesses like
grocery stores, gas stations, pharmacies will remain open. Visits to
nursing homes are prohibited. Solitary walks and outdoor exercise are
permitted but all team sports are banned. Gatherings of more than 10
people at a time are prohibited. Residents are allowed to go to the
grocery store and run errands. Residents much stay at least six feet away
from one another at all times and wear
masks if available
and also follow
hygiene protocol.
Say it don't spray it. Schools will
close. Restaurants and bars can still deliver to homes. All
non-essential businesses
statewide must close their premises. Liquor and wine stores are classified
as essential and will remain open, as can pharmacies, grocery stores, and
restaurants and bars offering
takeout and
delivery only. Churches or other
religious series are allowed to continue if they meet outdoors, stream
online, or adhere to social distancing inside their facilities. Mass
transit and roadways are not affected. All roads remain open. Buses and
trains continue to operate but should be used only for essential travel.
Some States have Different Requirements.
Keeping fewer friends protects aging monkeys from diseases. Becoming
less sociable protects older monkeys from getting ill, new research shows.
They found that older macaques are likely to suffer less from infectious
disease, mostly because of their smaller social networks.
Vampire Bats practice social distancing while sick. New research shows
that when vampire bats feel sick, they naturally socially distance
themselves from groupmates in their roost , with no public health guidance
required. Sick bats lead to marked change in colony social network.
Risk Management
Risk is the
potential of losing something of
value. Risk is the amount of
harm
that can be expected to occur during a given time period due to a specific
harm or threat
event.
Danger is the
condition of being
susceptible to harm,
injury, pain or loss.
Ponzi Scams -
Corruption -
Crimes -
Negligence -
Pesticides -
Toxins -
Global Warming -
Caveats -
Threats -
Tradeoff -
Hate -
Crisis
Hazard is a source of danger with a
possibility of incurring
loss or misfortune. Sometimes a hazard is an
unknown and unpredictable phenomenon that causes an
event to
result one way rather than another.
Hazard is an agent
which has the potential to cause
harm to a
vulnerable target. A hazard is any agent that can cause harm or damage to
humans, property, or the environment. Risk is defined as the probability
that exposure to a hazard will lead to a negative consequence, or more
simply, a hazard poses no risk if there is no exposure to that hazard.
Hazards can be dormant or potential, with only a theoretical probability
of harm. An event that is caused by interaction with a hazard is called an
incident. The likely severity of the undesirable consequences of an
incident associated with a hazard, combined with the probability of this
occurring, constitute the associated risk. If there is no possibility of a
hazard contributing towards an incident, there is no risk. Hazards can be
classified as different types in several ways. One of these ways is by
specifying the origin of the hazard. One key concept in identifying a
hazard is the presence of stored energy that, when released, can cause
damage. Stored energy can occur in many forms: chemical, mechanical,
thermal, radioactive, electrical, etc. Another class of hazard does not
involve release of stored energy, rather it involves the presence of
hazardous situations. Examples include confined or limited egress spaces,
oxygen-depleted atmospheres, awkward positions, repetitive motions,
low-hanging or protruding objects, etc. Hazards may also be classified as
natural, anthropogenic, or technological. They may also be classified as
health or
safety hazards,
by the populations that may be affected, and the severity of the
associated risk. In most cases a hazard may affect a range of targets, and
have little or no effect on others. Identification of hazards assumes that
the potential targets are defined, and is the first step in performing a
risk assessment.
Prepared -
Existential Risks -
Doomsday Scenarios -
Crisis -
Disasters -
Disinhibition
-
Self Harm
Life has Risks, and there's a lot of things in
life that are risky. So everyone has to take
risks
sometimes. We know from history that the people who did
great things took
great risks to do them. If you have nothing to lose and everything to
gain, then that's a good risk to take, but if you have everything to lose
and nothing to gain, then you should avoid taking those types of risks.
Even doing good things is not without risk. But it's better to take risks
doing something good than it is to take risks doing something bad. The
bottom line is that
taking risks is risky. So before you take any risk,
you should at the least understand the risk that you're taking. You should
know the reason
why you're
taking a risk. You should know when to take a risk. You should know how to
take a risk. You should know where to
take a risk. And you should know how many times you need to keep taking a
particular risk before it becomes less risky, but never risk free.
Showing off or just trying to prove
yourself is not a good reason for taking a risk. The most dangerous risks
that people take are the risks that they're
not aware
of taking. Like when taking risks doing a
bad habit.
You're not always aware of the risk that you're taking until something bad
happens. And a
calculated risk can only
happen when you have
accurately
calculated the risk and
compared the
consequences
with the
benefits, and
measured the
pros and
cons.
But even then, you can still lose everything even if you do everything
right, accidents and tragedies can happen sometimes, so don't be
surprised.
You can
fail taking a risk, you can fail because you were not willing to take
a risk. Dammed if you do and dammed if you don't.
Playing it safe can be risky, and even
success can be risky. So don't ever think for a moment that your life
is
risk free. And what ever you do in life, just
remember that the most dangerous risk that you can take in life is the
risk you take when you stop learning.
Don't ever stop learning,
it's just too risky and it's extremely dangerous. You have to
learn from your
failures and you have to
learn from your
successes, otherwise, the risks you take or don't take will be
meaningless.
Children take risks for different reasons.
Kids want to have fun and
kids want to
play. But it's not so much a risk to them, it's more about exploring, learning,
testing their abilities and building skills. Kids feel indestructible,
invincible and immortal because they lack the experience of how
vulnerable they are.
But even when kids learn how
vulnerable they are, they still take risks, it's just that kids become
better risk takers, even as they become adults. So
we are born risk takers. But not everyone understands what risk is.
Risk is something that you don't want to
play with. You have to take risks seriously or you will risk everything.
Risk
Management -
Liabilities -
Risk Perception -
Uncertainty
-
Statistics -
Actuary -
Conservation -
Vulnerabilities
Acceptable Loss are
casualties or destruction inflicted by the enemy that is
considered minor or
tolerable, but only to them and not the victims or the actual people who
suffer from the destruction.
Acceptable Risk refers
to the level of human and property loss that can be tolerated by an
individual, household, group, organization, community, region, state, or
nation.
Problem
Transference -
Externalization -
Negligence -
BlowbackDoes having
insurance cause
people to take more risks? Does having safety equipment cause people to
take more risks?
Self-Licensing describe the subconscious phenomenon whereby increased
confidence and security in one's self-image or self-concept tends to make
that individual worry less about the
consequences
of subsequent immoral
behavior and, therefore, more likely to make immoral choices and act
immorally. In simple terms, self-licensing occurs when people allow
themselves to indulge after doing something positive first; for example,
drinking a diet soda with a greasy hamburger and fries can lead one to
subconsciously discount the negative attributes of the meal's high caloric
and cholesterol content.
Risk Perception.
Moral
Hazard occurs when someone increases their exposure to risk when
insured, especially when a person takes more risks because someone else
bears the cost of those risks. A moral hazard may occur where the actions
of one party may change to the detriment of another after a financial
transaction has taken place. A party makes a decision about how much risk
to take, while another party bears the costs if things go badly, and the
party isolated from risk behaves differently from how it would if it were
fully exposed to the risk. Moral hazard can occur under a type of
information asymmetry where the risk-taking party to a transaction knows
more about its intentions than the party paying the
Consequences of the
risk. More broadly, moral hazard can occur when the party with more
information about its actions or
intentions
has a tendency or incentive to behave inappropriately from the perspective
of the party with less information. Moral hazard also arises in a
principal-agent problem, where one party, called an agent, acts on behalf
of another party, called the principal. The agent usually has more
information about his or her actions or intentions than the principal
does, because the principal usually cannot completely monitor the agent.
The agent may have an incentive to act inappropriately (from the viewpoint
of the principal) if the interests of the agent and the principal are not
aligned.
"
Better
Safe than Sorry" - "Risk has its own Reward" -
Investments
Playing it Safe is
deciding not to take
unnecessary risks. When the risk and danger is not worth the
anticipated
reward, then playing it safe
may be a good idea. But even if you do play it safe, it may not stop you
from failing.
Passivity
-
Over
Thinking
Risk Aversion is the behavior of humans who, when exposed to
uncertainty, attempt to lower that uncertainty. It is the
hesitation of a person to agree to a
situation with an
unknown payoff rather
than another situation with a more predictable payoff but possibly lower
expected payoff. For example, a risk-averse investor might choose to
put their money into a bank
account with a low but guaranteed interest rate, rather than into a
stock that may have high expected returns, but also involves a chance of
losing value. Risk-Aversion describes
the investor who chooses the preservation of capital over the potential
for a higher-than-average return. In investing, risk equals price
volatility. A volatile investment can make you rich or devour your savings.
Risk Compensation is a theory which suggests that people typically
adjust their behavior in response to the
perceived level of risk, becoming
more careful where they sense greater risk and
less careful if they feel
more protected. Although usually small in comparison to the
fundamental benefits of safety interventions, it may result in a lower net
benefit than expected. By way of example, it has been observed that
motorists drove faster when wearing seatbelts and closer to the vehicle in
front when the vehicles were fitted with anti-lock brakes. There is also
evidence that the risk compensation phenomenon could explain the failure
of condom distribution programs to reverse HIV prevalence and that condoms
may foster
disinhibition, with people engaging in risky sex both with and
without condoms. By contrast, shared space is a highway design method
which consciously aims to increase the level of perceived risk and
uncertainty, thereby slowing traffic and reducing the number of and
seriousness of injuries.
Altered behavior and brain activity among people wearing bike helmets
-
Concussions
Risk–Benefit Ratio is the
ratio of the risk of an action to its
potential benefits. Risk–benefit analysis is analysis that seeks to
quantify the risk and benefits and hence their ratio. Analyzing a risk can
be heavily dependent on the human factor. A certain level of risk in our
lives is accepted as necessary to achieve certain benefits. For example,
driving an automobile is a risk most people take daily, also since it is
mitigated by the controlling factor of their perception of their
individual ability to manage the risk-creating situation. When individuals
are exposed to involuntary risk (a risk over which they have no control),
they make risk aversion their primary goal. Under these circumstances
individuals require the probability of risk to be as much as one thousand
times smaller than for the same situation under their perceived control (a
notable example being the common bias in the perception of risk in flying
vs. driving).
Pros and Cons
-
Number Needed to Treat.
Risk
Difference is the difference between the risk of an outcome in the
exposed group and the unexposed group.
Relative
Risk Reduction is the relative decrease in the risk of an adverse
event in the exposed group compared to an unexposed group.
Absolute risk reduction is the absolute
difference in outcome rates between the control and treatment groups. The
absolute risk reduction does not involve an explicit comparison to the
control group as in the relative risk reduction and thus, does not
confound the effect size with the baseline risk.
Risk
Assessment is the determination of quantitative or
qualitative estimate of
risk related to a well-defined situation and a recognized threat or hazard.
Probabilistic Risk Assessment is a systematic and comprehensive methodology
to evaluate risks associated with a complex engineered technological entity.
Society for Risk
Analysis is a multidisciplinary, interdisciplinary, scholarly,
international society that provides an open forum for all those who are
interested in risk analysis. Risk analysis is broadly defined to include
risk assessment, risk characterization, risk communication, risk
management, and policy relating to risk, in the context of risks of
concern to individuals, to public- and private-sector organizations, and
to society at a local, regional, national, or global level.
Risk Factor
is a variable associated with either
increased or decreased risk.
"Something's are just a crap shot. You have to roll the dice just to
see what happens."
No Guarantees.
Crap-Shot is
anything unpredictable, risky, or problematical. A
gamble.
Craps is a
gambling game played
with two dice; a first throw of 7 or 11 wins and a first throw of 2, 3, or
12 loses and a first throw of any other number must be repeated to win
before a 7 is thrown, which loses the bet and the dice. Dice is a small
cube with 1 to 6 spots on the
six faces that is used in gambling to generate
random
numbers.
Relative
Risk is the
ratio of the probability of an event occurring. Risk ratio is the ratio of
the probability of an outcome in an exposed group to the probability of an
outcome in an unexposed group. Relative risk is commonly used to present
the results of randomized controlled trials. This can be problematic, if
the relative risk is presented without the absolute measures, such as
absolute risk, or risk difference. In cases where the base rate of the
outcome is low, large or small values of relative risk may not translate
to significant effects, and the importance of the effects to the public
health can be overestimated. Equivalently, in cases where the base rate of
the outcome is high, values of the relative risk close to 1 may still
result in a significant effect, and their effects can be underestimated.
Thus, presentation of both absolute and relative measures is recommended.
Population Impact Measures are biostatistical measures of risk and
benefit used in epidemiological and public health research. They are used
to describe the impact of health risks and benefits in a population, to
inform health policy.
Absolute Risk is
the probability or chance of an event. It is usually used for the number
of events (such as a disease) that occurred in a group, divided by the
number of people in that group. Absolute risk is one of the most
understandable ways of communicating health risks to the general public.
Absolute Risk Reduction is the change in the risk of an outcome of a given
treatment or activity in relation to a comparison treatment or activity. It is
the inverse of the
number needed to treat.
Extreme Risk are risks of
very bad outcomes or "
high consequence",
but of low
probability. They include the
risks of terrorist attack, biosecurity risks such as the invasion of
pests, and extreme
natural disasters such as
major earthquakes.
Global
Catastrophic Risk or a
doomsday scenario is a hypothetical future event that could damage
human well-being on a global scale, even endangering or destroying modern
civilization. An event that could cause
human extinction or
permanently and drastically curtail humanity's potential is known as an "
existential
risk." Over the last two decades, a number of academic and
non-profit organizations have been established to research global
catastrophic and existential
risks, formulate
potential mitigation measures and either advocate for or implement these
measures.
Red Flag is a sign of some particular
problem requiring
attention. A
signal of danger or a problem can be
referred to as a red flag.
Red Flag Warning -
Fire Fighting
-
Safety (security) -
Preparedness
Criticality Index is mainly used in
risk analysis. The
Criticality Index allows you to identify tasks that are likely to cause
delays to the project. By monitoring tasks with a high Criticality Index a
project is less likely to be late. If a task has a 100% Criticality Index
it means that during the analysis no matter how the task durations varied,
the critical path always included the task. The task is therefore likely
to be key in completing the project on time. Conversely tasks with a low
or zero Criticality Index are much less likely to cause a delay in the
project finish date.
Credit
Risk is the risk of default on a debt that may arise from a borrower
failing to
make
required payments. In the first resort, the risk is that of the lender
and includes lost principal and interest, disruption to cash flows, and
increased collection costs. The loss may be complete or partial. In an
efficient market, higher levels of credit risk will be associated with
higher borrowing costs. Because of this, measures of borrowing costs such
as yield spreads can be used to infer credit risk levels based on
assessments by market participants. Losses can arise in a number of
circumstances, for example: A consumer may fail to make a payment due on a
mortgage loan, credit card,
line
of credit, or other loan. A company is unable to repay asset-secured
fixed or floating charge debt. A business or consumer does not pay a trade
invoice when due. A business does not pay an employee's earned wages when
due. A business or government bond issuer does not make a payment on a
coupon or principal payment when due. An insolvent insurance company does
not pay a policy obligation. An insolvent bank won't return funds to a
depositor. A government grants bankruptcy protection to an insolvent
consumer or business. To reduce the lender's credit risk, the lender may
perform a
credit check
on the prospective borrower, may require the borrower to take out
appropriate
insurance,
such as mortgage insurance, or seek security over some assets of the
borrower or a guarantee from a third party. The lender can also take out
insurance against the risk or on-sell the debt to another company. In
general, the higher the risk, the higher will be the interest rate that
the debtor will be asked to pay on the debt. Credit risk mainly arises
when borrowers are unable to pay due willingly or unwillingly. A credit
risk can be of the following types: Credit default risk – The risk of loss
arising from a debtor being unlikely to pay its loan obligations in full
or the debtor is more than 90 days past due on any material credit
obligation; default risk may impact all credit-sensitive transactions,
including loans, securities and derivatives. Concentration risk – The risk
associated with any single exposure or group of exposures with the
potential to produce large enough losses to threaten a bank's core
operations. It may arise in the form of single-name concentration or
industry concentration. Country risk – The risk of loss arising from a
sovereign state freezing foreign currency payments (transfer/conversion
risk) or when it defaults on its obligations (sovereign risk); this type
of risk is prominently associated with the country's macroeconomic
performance and its political stability.
Downside Risk is the financial risk associated with losses. That is,
it is the risk of the actual return being below the expected return, or
the uncertainty about the magnitude of that difference.
Mitigate is to
make something less severe or harsh
or lessen or to try to lessen the seriousness or the extent of a bad
situation.
Micromort is a unit of risk defined as
one-in-a-million chance of death. Micromorts can be used to measure
riskiness of various day-to-day activities. A microprobability is a
one-in-a million chance of some event; thus a micromort is the
microprobability of death. The micromort concept was introduced by
Ronald A. Howard who pioneered the modern practice of decision analysis.
Micromorts for future activities can only be rough assessments as specific
circumstances will always have an impact. However past historical rates of
events can be used to provide a ball-park, average figure.
Statistics -
Coincidence
Hazard Prevention is the identification, assessment, and
prioritization of risks followed by coordinated and economical application of
resources to minimize, monitor, and control the probability and/or impact
of unfortunate events or to maximize the realization of opportunities.
Risk management’s objective is to assure uncertainty does not deflect the
endeavor from the business goals. (defined in ISO 31000 as the effect of
uncertainty on objectives).
Ecological Risk Assessments are used to support many types of actions,
including: regulation of
hazardous
waste sites, industrial chemicals, and pesticides; or the
management of watersheds
or. other
ecosystems affected by multiple chemical, physical, or
biological stressors.
Operational Risk is the
risk of a change in value caused by the fact
that actual losses, incurred for inadequate or failed internal processes,
people and systems, or from external events (including legal risk), differ
from the expected losses.
Operational Risk Management is defined as a continual cyclic
process which includes risk assessment, risk decision making, and
implementation of risk controls, which results in acceptance, mitigation,
or avoidance of risk. ORM is the oversight of operational risk, including
the risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes
and systems; human factors; or external events.
Human
Error is a
deviation from intention, expectation or desirability and
human actions that fail to achieve the desired goal. It has been cited as a
primary cause contributing factor in disasters and accidents.
Prevention of human
error is generally seen as a major contributor to reliability and safety
of (complex) systems. Human error is one of the many contributing causes
of risk events.
Focus.
Risk Matrix
is used during
risk assessment to define the various levels of risk as the
product of the harm probability categories and harm severity categories. This is
a simple mechanism to increase visibility of risks and assist management
decision making.
Risk Management Tools allow planners to explicitly address uncertainty by
identifying and generating metrics, parameterizing, prioritizing, and developing
responses, and tracking risk. These activities may be difficult to track without
tools and techniques,
documentation and
information systems.
Health Impact Assessment is defined as "a combination of
procedures,
methods, and tools by which a policy, program, or project may be judged as to
its potential effects on the health of a population, and the distribution of
those effects within the population.
Intelligence Assessment is the development of
forecasts of behavior or
recommended courses of action to the leadership of an organization, based on a
wide range of available information sources both overt and covert. Assessments
are developed in response to requirements declared by the leadership in order to
inform decision making.
Intelligence Organizations
-
Problem
Solving.
Negligible Risk is a risk so small or
unimportant or of so little consequence as to warrant little or no
attention.
Negligible is something
so small as to be meaningless or insignificant and not worth considering.
Scientists explain how the brain encodes lottery values.
Neuroscientists have uncovered a key brain area in rats that encodes the
value of economic choices when faced with the uncertainty of a lottery. In
this work, the causal role of frontal and parietal cortex was tested in
economic decision-making. The findings provide a foundation for
understanding the neurobiology of risky decisions. To test the causal role
of the frontal and parietal cortex in the rats' decisions of whether to
play the lottery, the researchers temporarily silenced two specific brain
areas: the frontal orienting field (FOF) and posterior parietal cortex
(PPC). The team used pharmacological and optogenetic silencing to confirm
the results. The researchers found that the animals were less willing to
take risks when FOF was silenced (with either pharmacological or
optogenetic silencing), whereas there was a smaller, short-lived, effect
when PPC was silenced. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, the team found
that FOF was affecting risk tolerance rather than a choice bias, as the
rats were still willing to play the lottery when the potential reward was
very high, but they became less likely to play when the lottery had an
intermediate potential value. As expected, their behaviour was unchanged
when the potential lottery value was low.
Gambling.
Risk is not always Accurately Perceived or Understood in the Same Way by
Everyone
People can
interpret warnings differently.
cognitive biases are
systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment.
Some people wait for a visual confirmation and some people tend to base
their future decisions on what happened in the past. And some people just
pretend to know
things that they really don't fully understand.
Risk Communication refers to the
exchange of
real-time information,
advice and opinions between
experts and
people facing
threats to their
health, economic or social well-being. The ultimate purpose of risk
communication is to enable people at risk to
take
informed decisions to protect themselves and their loved ones.
Preventive Maintenance
-
Planning -
Preventive Healthcare
Dilution Effect is a
judgment bias in which
people underutilize diagnostic information when nondiagnostic information
is also present.
Diagnostic information is useful in making a particular judgment.
Nondiagnostic information is knowledge that is
not relevant to the judgment being made.
When both kinds of information are present, people tend to underrely on
diagnostic information in making judgments. Thus, the presence of
nondiagnos-tic information weakens, or dilutes, the impact of diagnostic
information on judgment.
Information Deficit Model attributes public
scepticism
or hostility to science and technology to a lack of understanding,
resulting from a lack of information. It is associated with a division
between experts who have the information and
non-experts who do
not. The model implies that
communication should focus on improving the
transfer of information from experts to
non-experts.
Risk Perception
is the
subjective judgment
that people make about the characteristics and severity of a risk. The
phrase is most commonly used in reference to natural hazards and threats
to the environment or health, such as nuclear power. Several theories have
been proposed to explain why different people make different estimates of
the dangerousness of risks. Three major families of theory have been
developed: psychology approaches (heuristics and cognitive),
anthropology/sociology approaches (cultural theory) and interdisciplinary
approaches (social amplification of risk framework).
Doom and Gloom.
Public Awareness of Science are terms relating to the attitudes,
behaviours, opinions, and activities that comprise the relations between
the general public or
lay society as
a whole to scientific knowledge and organisation. It is a comparatively
new approach to the task of exploring the multitude of relations and
linkages science, technology, and innovation have among the general
public.
Science Communication is the public communication of science-related
topics to
non-experts.
Science Outreach is a variety of activities by research institutes,
universities, and institutions such as science museums, aimed at
promoting
public awareness and understanding of science and making informal
contributions to science education.
Popular Science is an interpretation of science intended for a general
audience. While
science journalism
focuses on recent scientific developments, popular science is more
broad-ranging.
Assess is to
evaluate or estimate the nature, quality, ability, extent, value or the
significance of something.
Vulnerability Assessment is the process of identifying,
quantifying, and prioritizing (or ranking) the
vulnerabilities in a
system. Examples of
systems for which vulnerability assessments are
performed include, but are not limited to, information technology
systems, energy supply systems,
water supply systems, transportation
systems, and
communication systems. Such assessments may be
conducted on behalf of a range of different organizations, from
small businesses up to large regional
infrastructures. Vulnerability
from the perspective of disaster management means assessing the
threats from potential hazards to the population and to
infrastructure. It may be conducted in the political, social,
economic or environmental fields. Vulnerability assessment has many
things in common with risk assessment. Assessments are typically
performed according to the following steps: Cataloging assets and
capabilities (resources) in a system. Assigning quantifiable value
(or at least rank order) and importance to those resources.
Identifying the vulnerabilities or potential threats to each
resource. Mitigating or eliminating the most serious vulnerabilities
for the most valuable resources.
Vulnerability refers to the
inability of a system or a unit to
withstand the effects of a hostile environment. A window of
vulnerability (WoV) is a time frame within which defensive measures
are diminished, compromised or lacking.
Insurance -
Gamble
-
Safe Sex
Zero-Risk Bias is is a
tendency to prefer the complete elimination of a
risk
in a sub-part even when alternative options produce a greater overall
reduction in risk. It often manifests in cases where decision makers
address problems concerning health, safety, and the environment. Its
effect on decision making has been observed in surveys presenting
hypothetical scenarios and certain real-world policies (e.g. war against
terrorism as opposed to reducing the risk of traffic accidents or gun
violence) have been interpreted as being influenced by it. Another example
involves a decision to reduce risk in one manager's area at the expense of
increased risk for the larger organization.
Hazard Quotient is the
ratio
of the
potential exposure to a
substance and the level at which no adverse effects are expected. If
the Hazard Quotient is calculated to be less than 1, then no adverse
health effects are expected as a result of exposure. If the Hazard
Quotient is greater than 1, then adverse health effects are possible. The
Hazard Quotient cannot be translated to a probability that adverse health
effects will occur, and is unlikely to be proportional to risk. It is
especially important to note that a Hazard Quotient exceeding 1 does not
necessarily mean that adverse effects will occur.
Hazard Ratio
is the
ratio of the hazard rates corresponding to the conditions described by
two levels of an explanatory variable.
Hazard
Risk is any agent that can
cause harm or damage to humans, property, or the
environment.
Threat Assessment comprises strategies or pathways used to determine
the credibility and seriousness of a potential threat, as well as the
likelihood that it will be carried out in the future. Threat assessment is
a violence prevention act that involves: Identifying the threats to commit
violent act, Determining seriousness of threat. Developing intervention
plans that protect potential victims and address underlying problem that
stimulated the threatening behaviour.
Odds Ratio
is one of three main ways to quantify how strongly the presence or absence of
property A is associated with the presence or absence of property B in a given
population.
Advanced Measurement Approach is when banks are allowed to develop their own
empirical model to quantify required capital for operational risk. (Bad Idea).
Hierarchy of Hazard Control is a system used in industry to minimize or
eliminate exposure to hazards.
Margin of Error is a
statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in a survey's results.
Research
(science)
Precautionary Principle states that if an action or policy
has a suspected risk of
causing harm to the public, or to the environment, in the
absence of
scientific consensus (that the action or policy is not harmful), the
burden of proof that it is not harmful falls on those taking that action.
Drug Efficacy
Study.
Process Safety Management is a
regulation, promulgated by
the U.S.
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). A process is any
activity or combination of activities including any use, storage,
manufacturing, handling or the on-site movement of highly hazardous
chemicals (HHCs) as defined by OSHA and the Environmental Protection
Agency.
Hazard and Operability Study is a structured and
systematic
examination of a complex planned or existing process or operation in order
to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or
equipment. The intention of performing a HAZOP is to review the design to
pick up design and engineering issues that may otherwise not have been
found. The technique is based on breaking the overall complex design of
the
process into a number of simpler sections called 'nodes' which are
then individually reviewed. It is carried out by a suitably experienced
multi-disciplinary team (HAZOP) during a series of meetings. The HAZOP
technique is qualitative, and aims to stimulate the imagination of
participants to identify potential hazards and operability problems.
Structure and direction are given to the review process by applying
standardised guide-word prompts to the review of each node. The relevant
international
standard calls for team members to display 'intuition and
good judgement' and for the meetings to be held in 'a climate of positive
thinking and frank discussion'.
Pollution Prevention reduces the amount of
pollution
generated by a process, whether by industry, agriculture or consumers. In
contrast to most pollution control strategies, which seek to manage a
pollutant after it is emitted and
reduce its impact upon the environment,
the pollution prevention approach seeks to increase the efficiency of a
process, thereby reducing the amount of pollution generated at its source.
Although there is wide agreement that source reduction is the preferred
strategy, some professionals also use the term pollution prevention to
include
pollution reduction. With increasing human population, pollution
has become a great concern. Pollution from human activities is a problem
that does not have to be inevitable. With a comprehensive pollution
prevention program, most pollution can be reduced, reused, or prevented.
The US Environmental Protection Agency works to introduce pollution
prevention programs to reduce and manage waste. Reducing and managing
pollution may decrease the number of
deaths and illnesses from
pollution-related
diseases.
Prevent Defense aims to prevent a big play, like
a 25-yard or longer pass or run. The defense concedes short gains, such as
four to eight yards per play, as long as the clock keeps running.
Preventive Healthcare.
Survival Tips - Wilderness Survival Knowledge - Preppers
Survival Skills
are techniques that a person may use in order to
sustain life in
any type of
natural environment or built environment. These techniques are meant to
provide
basic necessities for human
life which include water, food, and shelter. The skills also support
proper knowledge and interactions with animals and plants to promote the
sustaining of life over a period of time. Survival skills are often
associated with the need to
survive in a disaster situation. Survival
skills are often basic ideas and abilities that ancients invented and used
themselves for thousands of years. Outdoor activities such as hiking,
backpacking, horseback riding, fishing, and hunting all require basic
wilderness survival skills, especially in handling emergency situations.
Bush-craft and primitive living are most often self-implemented, but
require many of the same skills.
Expecting the best but also being
prepared for the worse. It's all about increasing your chances and odds
for survival. After that, it's about having clear
goals and doing your best to
preserve knowledge.
Survive is to continue to live or
exist through hardship, danger or adversity.
Support oneself.
Survival is a state of surviving
and remaining alive.
Physiological
Needs are the most basic biological requirements that humans need
to survive, such as food, water, air, shelter, clothing, warmth, sleep,
and health. When these needs are not met, the body is unable to function
properly. Big 5 Needs.
Self
Preserving
-
Fight or Flight -
Resilience -
Primal Brain -
Rescue
-
Survival Websites -
Survival Films -
Adapting -
Preparedness -
Shelters -
Food
Preserving
Bushcraft is a popular term for wilderness
survival skills that include firecraft, tracking, hunting, fishing,
shelter-building, navigation by natural means, the use of tools such as
knives and axes, foraging, water sourcing, hand-carving wood, container
construction from natural materials, and rope and twine-making, among
others.
Woodsman is a competitive, co-ed
intercollegiate sport in the United States, Canada and elsewhere based on
various skills traditionally part of forestry educational and technical
training programs.
Survivalism is a movement of individuals or
groups (called survivalists or preppers) who are actively preparing for
emergencies, including possible disruptions in social or political order,
on scales from local to international. The words prepper and prep are
derived from the word prepare. Survivalists often acquire emergency
medical and self-defense training, stockpile food and water, prepare to
become self-sufficient, and build structures (e.g., a survival retreat or
an underground shelter) that may help them survive a catastrophe.
Survival Guilt.
Psychological Resilience is defined as an individual's ability to
successfully
Adapt to life tasks in the
face of social disadvantage or other highly adverse conditions. Adversity
and stress can come in the shape of family or relationship problems,
health problems, or workplace and financial worries, among others.
Resilience is the ability to bounce back from a negative experience with
"competent functioning". Resilience is not a rare ability; in reality, it
is found in the average individual and it can be learned and developed by
virtually anyone. Resilience is a process, rather than a trait to be had.
It is a process of individuation through a
structured system with gradual
discovery of personal and unique abilities.
Handling Difficult Situations -
Confidence -
Over Reacting
Survival Analysis is a branch of statistics for analyzing the
expected duration of time until one or more events happen, such as death
in biological organisms and failure in mechanical systems.
Extinction.
Survival Rate is a part of survival analysis. It is the percentage
of people in a study or treatment group still alive for a given period
of time after diagnosis. Survival rates are important for prognosis, but
because the rate is based on the population as a whole, an individual
prognosis may be different depending on newer treatments since the last
statistical analysis as well as the overall general health of the
patient.
Knowing how to
Fend for Yourself, or for others, is a skill that millions everyday have
to use.
Fend is to manage without help from others. Defend oneself.
Look After Yourself
-
Provide for Oneself.
System D is a shorthand term that refers to a manner of
responding to challenges that requires one to have the ability to think
fast, to adapt, and to improvise when getting a job done.
But of course when we
work together as a team our survival rate increase tremendously.
Combining Efforts and Working TogetherHaving a good support system and a good
Network of Friends, Family and Neighbors, people who understand that
combining efforts and working together will always be more beneficial
for everyone. And there's plenty of people, so it's just a matter of
bringing people together, like
Joining a Club.
It's a good idea to have good connections. Have a place to meet when
normal
communication methods breakdown.
Safe and Well -
File of Life Form (PDF)
Buddy System is a procedure in which two people, the "buddies",
operate together as a single unit so that they are able to monitor and
help each other.
Collaboration
-
Working Together.
Having multiple ways to communicate is essential?
It's good to be dependent on each other instead of just the government
and people in power. It might be better to clan together with friends,
family and colleagues. Make sure you set up your own personal network
that has connections to other networks. Trust is a must, criminals are
here now and they will be around later. Trusting the wrong people could
put you at risk. Know someone who has contacts with important
services like food distribution, water, energy and so on. Start locally
with friends, family, farms, water, energy and so on.
You have to
know where your food comes from, your options and choices? How much
of your food depends on imports and exports? What shortages will you
expect when trade is disrupted? Do you understand how a
Black Market works? Can you make bread? Can you
grow food? How much food can you grow? Hording and stock piling food
and supplies is Ok but how will you replenish your supplies?
Food Preserving.
Mylar Bag that
is air tight with am O2 absorber. Salt, sugar, honey, canned meat, canned
fruit, white rice, pasta, dried beans, vodka, rolled oats, powdered milk.
You
have to
know where your water comes from? Options and choices? Do you know
what contaminants are in your drinking water or rivers? Do you have
access to water testing supplies? You have to know where your energy
comes from? Options and choices?
Know your workforce. Know who's
willing to work? What skills do people have? Do people know their
responsibilities? Make sure that the people who are providing needed
services are taken care of and will not be vulnerable to criminals or
corruption. When it comes to money, it is just one of many tools
that we have. So it is a good idea to know
alternative methods for acquiring needed supplies.
Money will always be a convenient tool as long as we use it under
different rules that will not allow it to control and manipulate people
unfairly.
But we must beware that criminals will try to control
money again, they murdered Lincoln for the green backs and they murdered
Kennedy too because he also wanted a national currency that would be
controlled by the people, and not by criminal organizations, of course
that's another story.
Share your plan with people you want in
your network. Let them know the ways that they can help and what
information you will need.
Survivorship
Curve is a graph showing the number or proportion of individuals
surviving to each age for a given species or group (e.g. males or
females). Survivorship curves can be constructed for a given cohort (a
group of individuals of roughly the same age) based on a life table. There
are three generalized types of survivorship curves: Type I or convex
curves are characterized by high age-specific survival probability in
early and middle life, followed by a rapid decline in survival in later
life. They are typical of species that produce few offspring but care for
them well, including humans and many other large mammals. Type II or
diagonal curves are an intermediate between Types I and III, where roughly
constant mortality rate/survival probability is experienced regardless of
age. Some birds and some lizards follow this pattern. Type III or concave
curves have the greatest mortality (lowest age-specific survival) early in
life, with relatively low rates of death (high probability of survival)
for those surviving this bottleneck. This type of curve is characteristic
of species that produce a large number of offspring (see r/K selection
theory). This includes most marine invertebrates. For example, oysters
produce millions of eggs, but most larvae die from predation or other
causes; those that survive long enough to produce a hard shell live
relatively long. The number or proportion of organisms surviving to any
age is plotted on the y-axis (generally with a logarithmic scale starting
with 1000 individuals), while their age (often as a proportion of maximum
life span) is plotted on the x-axis. In mathematical statistics, the
survival function is one specific form of survivorship curve and plays a basic part in survival analysis.
Survival Resources
Wilderness Solutions
-
Survivor Library
Survival School - Midwest Native Skills Institute
Fox Fire is the fascinating world of Appalachian pioneer folk.
Emergency Shelters
-
Weather Info Websites
Civi Guard
-
Emergency Preparedness
Emergency Alert (amazon) -
Severe Weather Warning (amazon) -
Warnings Radio
with S.A.M.E Specific Area Message
Encoding & NOAA Reception (amazon)
Ultimate Survival
-
Crisis Education
-
Wilderness Schools
-
CPR Training
SAS Survival Guide App - Survival Stories
-
Expert Survival Tips
- Simple Survival
Adventure Checklist
-
Travel Tips
-
Travel Advice -
Shelters
Nature Skills -
Survival Tips
-
Survival Outdoor Skills
-
Tips on Survival
-
Wilderness Survival
The National Preppers and Survivalists Expo
-
Wild Life Management
Steve Brill Foraging Wild Foods
-
Insects and Bugs
Phospholipase A2 are enzymes that release fatty acids from the second
carbon group of glycerol. This particular phospholipase specifically
recognizes the sn-2 acyl bond of phospholipids and catalytically
hydrolyzes the bond releasing arachidonic acid and lysophosphatidic acid.
Upon downstream modification by cyclooxygenases, arachidonic acid is
modified into active compounds called eicosanoids. Eicosanoids include
prostaglandins and leukotrienes, which are categorized as
anti-inflammatory and inflammatory
mediators.
Varespladib
is an inhibitor of the IIa, V, and X isoforms of secretory phospholipase
A2 (sPLA2). The molecule acts as an anti-inflammatory agent by disrupting
the first step of the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation. From 2006
to 2012, varespladib was under active investigation by Anthera
Pharmaceuticals as a potential therapy for several inflammatory diseases,
including acute coronary syndrome and acute chest syndrome. The trial was
halted in March 2012 due to inadequate efficacy.
The
North American Society of Toxinology (NAST)
Survival and Self Reliance
-
Survival Blog
-
Be Prepared
-
Firefly Flint (fire starter)
Heat Sheet is a
reflective insulating fabric that reflects up to 90% of a person’s body
heat back to the wearer, or can be flipped to reflect external heat
sources.
Space Blanket or
Emergency Blanket is
an especially low-weight, low-bulk blanket made of heat-reflective thin
plastic sheeting. They are used on the exterior surfaces of spacecraft for
thermal control as well as by people. Their design reduces the
heat loss in a
person's body which would otherwise occur due to thermal radiation,
water evaporation, or
convection. Their compact size before unfurling and light weight makes
them ideal when space is at a premium. They may be included in first aid
kits and also in camping equipment. Lost campers and hikers have an
additional possible benefit: the metallic surface appearance flashes in
the sun, allowing use as an improvised distress beacon for searchers, and
also as a method of signalling over long distances to other people on the
same route as the person who owns the blanket.
Footwraps are rectangular pieces of cloth that
are worn wrapped around the feet to avoid chafing, absorb sweat and
improve the foothold. Footwraps were worn with boots before socks became
widely available, and remained in use by armies in Eastern Europe until
the beginning of the 21st century.
Fingerless Gloves (amazon)
Glovax: Adventure Gloves, slim & light, cut resistance, water & oil
proof, breathable, anti-skidding.
Be Prepared to Survive
-
The Survival Mom Community
Independent Learning
(self directed)
Survival Skills are not just knowing how
to survive in the woods by yourself, survival skills are more
about having extensive Knowledge and information about yourself
and the world around you. Knowing how to survive in the woods
is one thing, knowing how to survive in life is another. What
is the necessary information and knowledge that is needed to
survive in the 21st century? You have to ask yourself, is my
current school providing me with the necessary information and
knowledge that is needed to survive in the 21st century? Do you
know what questions to ask and when to ask them?
Basic Knowledge 101.com.
Survival Films - Videos about Surviving
Survival Film is a
film genre in which one or more characters make an effort at
physical survival. It often overlaps with
other film genres. It is a subgenre of the adventure film, along with
swashbuckler films, war films, and safari films. Survival films are darker
than most other adventure films which usually focus their storyline on a
single character, usually the protagonist. The films tend to be "located
primarily in a contemporary context" so film audiences are familiar with
the setting, meaning the characters' activities are less romanticized. In
a 1988 book, Thomas Sobchack compared the survival film to romance: "They
both emphasize the
heroic triumph over obstacles
which threaten social order and the reaffirmation of predominant social
values such as fair play and respect for merit and cooperation." The
author said survival films "identify and isolate a microcosm of society",
such as the surviving group from the plane crash in The Flight of the
Phoenix (1965) or those on the overturned ocean liner in The Poseidon
Adventure (1972). Sobchack explained, "Most of the time in a survival film
is spent depicting the process whereby the group, cut off from the
securities and certainties of the ordinary support networks of civilized
life, forms itself into a functioning, effective unit." The group often
varies in types of characters, sometimes to the point of caricature. While
women have historically been stereotyped in such films, they "often play a
decisive role in the success or failure of the group".
Dooms Day Films
(Armageddon - Apocalypse) -
Isolation
Wilderness Survival Tips : Wilderness Survival Techniques (youtube)
Ray Mears
- The Psychology of Survival (youtube)
Surviving
in the Siberian Wilderness for 70 Years (youtube)
Psychology of Survival
(website)
Surviving
Alone in Alaska (youtube)
National Geographic: Live Free or Die (TV Shows)
Bear Grills (youtube)
Man vs. Wild (youtube)
Survivor
Man, off the Grid (vimeo)
The Real Castaway (youtube)
North
Survival (youtube)
Documentaries
-
Outdoor Travel Movies
Travel Magazines - Travel Books
-
Survival
Happy
People: A Year in the Taiga (2012). From iconic filmmaker
Werner Herzog, Happy People: A Year in the Taiga journeys deep
into the Siberian wilderness, following veteran trappers through
the Taiga's four seasons to tell the incredible story of a
society untouched by modernity. Aired: 11/15/2012 |
1 hr. 34 min.
Survival Kits
Survival Kit is a package of basic tools and supplies prepared in
advance as an aid to survival in an emergency. Civil and military
aircraft, lifeboats, and spacecraft are equipped with survival kits.
Survival kits, in a variety of sizes, contain supplies and tools to
provide a survivor with basic shelter against the elements, help him or
her to keep warm, meet basic health and first aid needs, provide food and
water, signal to rescuers, and assist in finding the way back to help.
Supplies in a survival kit normally contain a knife (often a Swiss army
knife or a multi-tool), matches, tinder, first aid kit, bandana, fish
hooks, sewing kit, and a flashlight. Civilians such as forestry workers,
surveyors, or bush pilots, who work in remote locations or in regions with
extreme climate conditions may also be equipped with survival kits.
Disaster supplies are also kept on hand by those who live in areas prone
to earthquakes or other natural disasters. For the average citizen to
practice disaster preparedness, some towns will have survival stores to
keep survival supplies in stock. The American Red Cross recommends an
emergency preparedness kit that is easy to carry and use in the event of
an emergency or disaster.
Life Rafts & Survival Gear.
Medical Supply Kits
Bug-out Bag is a portable kit that normally contains the items one
would require to survive for 72 hours when evacuating from a disaster,
although some kits are designed to last longer periods. Other names for
such a bag are a 72-hour kit, battle box, grab bag, go bag, GOOD bag (get
out of Dodge), INCH bag (I'm never coming home), personal emergency
relocation kit (PERK), or quick run bag (QRB). The focus is on evacuation,
rather than long-term survival, distinguishing the bug-out bag from a
survival kit, an aviation or a boating emergency kit, or a fixed-site
disaster supplies kit. The kits are also popular in the survivalism
subculture.
Gear
Disciple.
Emergency Go Bag
Go Bag is a
bag packed with essential items, kept ready for use in the event of an
emergency evacuation of one's home. It's a bag packed with survival
supplies and kept ready for use in case of an emergency that requires
rapid evacuation. A collection of items that you would need to survive if
you had to flee your home with no guarantee of shelter, food, or water
during an emergency.
Basic
Emergency Supply Kit could include the following recommended items:
Water - one gallon of water per person per day for at least three days,
for drinking and sanitation.
Food - at least a three-day supply of
non-perishable food.
Battery-powered or hand crank radio and a NOAA
Weather Radio with tone alert.
Flashlight.
First aid kit.
Extra
batteries.
Whistle to signal for help.
Dust mask to help filter
contaminated air and plastic sheeting and duct tape to
shelter-in-place.
Moist towelettes, garbage bags and plastic ties for
personal sanitation.
Wrench or pliers to turn off utilities.
Manual
can opener for food.
Local maps.
Cell phone with chargers and a backup
battery.
Additional Emergency Supplies:Consider adding
the following items to your emergency supply kit based on your
individual needs:
Prescription medications.
Non-prescription
medications such as pain relievers, anti-diarrhea medication, antacids
or laxatives.
Glasses and contact lense solution.
Infant formula,
bottles, diapers, wipes, diaper rash cream.
Pet food and extra water for
your pet.
Cash or traveler's checks.
Important family documents such
as copies of insurance policies, identification and bank account
records saved electronically or in a waterproof, portable container.
Sleeping bag or warm blanket for each person.
Complete change of
clothing appropriate for your climate and sturdy shoes.
Household
chlorine bleach and medicine dropper to disinfect water.
Fire
extinguisher.
Matches in a waterproof container.
Feminine supplies and
personal hygiene items.
Mess kits, paper cups, plates, paper towels and
plastic utensils.
Paper and pencil.
Books, games, puzzles or other
activities for children.
Maintaining Your Kit:
After assembling your kit remember to maintain it so it’s ready when
needed.
Keep canned
food in a cool, dry place.
Store boxed food in tightly closed plastic or
metal containers.
Replace expired items as needed.
Re-think your needs
every year and update your kit as your family’s needs change.
Kit Storage Locations:Since you do not know where you will be when
an emergency occurs, prepare
supplies for
home, work and vehicles.
Home: Keep this kit in a designated place and have it ready in case you
have to leave your home quickly. Make sure all family members know
where the kit is kept.
Work: Be prepared to
shelter at work for at
least 24 hours. Your work kit should include food, water and other
necessities like medicines, as well as comfortable walking shoes,
stored in a “grab and go” case.
Vehicle: In case you are stranded, keep
a kit of emergency supplies in your car.
Scan all your
important documents, and save them on a flash drive: You could also
save them onto a cloud server if you have an encryption service you trust.
These documents include:
Driver’s license.
The deed to your house.
Your will and/or trust.
Proof of insurance.
Medical records.
Passports.
Social security cards.
Birth certificates.
A list of
personal contacts with their addresses and phone numbers.
Your kids’
immunization records.
Your pet’s paperwork for vaccinations and medical
history.
Emergency Kits.
First Aid Tips
First Aid Tips -
Emergency Services -
Rescue
CPR -
Burns -
Bleeding
Everyday-First-Aid (red cross)
First Aid Tips
-
First Aid Index (mayo clinic)
Poisoning Prevention First Aid.
Wilderness First Aid
-
Wild Med
Adventure Medical Kits
Katadyn Survivor 06 Desalinator
(amazon) -
The Solar Still Water Purification Kit
(amazon)
Solar Pure Water
-
Life Saver Water Bottle Filter Systems
-
Water Knowledge
Emergency First Response
-
Wilderness Schools
-
Wilderness Medicine Schools
Freedom of the Hills Deck: 52 Playing Cards (amazon)
Being relative to particular
conditions, the average person can live for 3 minutes without air, 3 hours
in below freezing temperatures, 3 days without water and 3 weeks without food.
Emergencies.
Falling through thin Ice into Freezing Water
Ten minutes of
meaningful movement. One hour before you become unconscious.
Slow your breath.
Once your
core body temperature drops to 95
degrees Fahrenheit, you will be officially hypothermic.
Below 86 degrees, you
will probably be unconscious, but not necessarily lifeless.
People have been
successfully revived from frigid states as low as 56.7 degrees,
a temperature at which bodies exhibit
the clinical signs of death, including no pulse or breathing.
Flooding.
1-10-1 principle: ‘‘
One
minute to get control of your breathing.
How to Survive a
Fall Through Ice (youtube) - Don't panic, control your breathing, make
your body
Horizontal by lifting your legs and
stretching out your arms out on the strongest area of ice, then start kicking your feet like
you're swimming, and then use your arms to
slowly pull yourself out of the water, and then crawl to safety.
First Aid -
Hyperthermia.
Survival Books
Snow and Winter Survival -
Mountain Survival Books
Flirtin'
with Disaster- Molly Hatchet (youtube) - I'm travelin' down the road,
I'm flirtin' with
disaster, I've got the pedal to the floor,
My life
is running faster, I'm out of money, I'm out of hope, It looks like
self destruction, Well how much more can we take, With all of this
corruption, We're flirtin' with disaster, Ya'll know what I mean,
And the way we run our lives, It makes no sense to me, I don't know
about yourself or what you want to be, yeah, When we gamble with our
time, We choose our destiny, I'm travelin' down that lonesome road,
Feel like I'm dragging a heavy load, Yeah I've tried to turn my head
away, Feels about the same most every day.